1,solar adj.太阳的, 日光的
solar system 太阳系
solar battery 太阳能电池
solar calendar阳历 lunar calendar阴历
2, giant huge large big enormous vast great
3, mankind n.人类[u ], 男性, 男子the human race /the human being
Speech is the main difference between mankind and animals.
4, constitution n.宪法 an written constitution a written constitution
According to the American Constitution, Presidential elections are held every four years.
(draw up草拟 set up制订建立 )
constitute vt.制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命
5, man n.男人, 人类, 人, 丈夫, 雇工vt.为...配备人手, 操纵, 在...就位, 使振奋
-nn- We can man ten ships.
The girls will man the radar till we get back.
6, support
vt.支撑, 资助, 支持, 支援, 拥护, 维持, 赡养, 忍受
n.支撑, 支持, 支援, 维持, 赡养, 支持者, 支柱
加强, 使有力; 拥护; 支援; 帮助
support a hospital 资助一医院
support oneself 自谋生计
The bridge is strong enough to support heavy lorries. 这座桥经得起重卡车通行。
He's a large family to support.他要养一大家子。
7, daily= everyday
daily= every day
adj.每日的, 日常的 adv.每日, 日常地, 天天
daily routine 例行公事
He wrote to her almost daily. 他几乎每天给她写信。
China Daily 中国日报
8, achieve vt.完成, 达到( give up /abandon)
achieve one's purpose达到目的achieve success获得成功achieve victory获得胜利
This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
achievement n.成就, 功绩
9, likely adj.很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的(unlikely)
adv.或许, 很可能
The train is likely to be late. 这趟火车很可能晚点。a likely plan有希望的
(-lier, more likely; -liest, most likely)
She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。
It is very likely that he will not come.
as likely as not (=most [very] likely)可能, 多半, 说不定
It is likely that...很可能...
Not likely![口]不可能! 才不呢! (强调否认或拒绝)
10, economic adj.经济(上)的
economy n.经济politics n.政治
11,zone n.地域, 地带, 地区, 环带, 圈
vt.环绕, 使分成地带vi.分成区
the torrid zone 热带the temperate zone 温带the frigid zone 寒带a danger zone 危险地带
a war zone 战区smokeless zone 禁止吸烟区 time zone时区
12, private adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的 ( personal public)
private school 私立学校
in private私下里
Can I speak to you in private? 我可以私下同你谈谈吗？
13, institute .学会, 学院, 协会 vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查)
institution n.公共机构, 协会, 制度
an art institute 艺术学院
14, grasp vt.抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会
grasp at v.想抓住, 攫取
I grasped the cat by the back of its neck. 我抓住了猫的后脖颈。
He grasped at anything that might help him. 他试图抓住任何对自己有利的东西。
（与at连用）急切地接受
领会；明白to grasp sb.'s meaning
beyond one's grasp力量达不到[达得到]
within one's grasp力量达不到[达得到]
Grasp-all, lose all.[谚]贪多必失。
15, master
n.主人, 雇主 硕士 vt.征服, 控制, 精通
master of science理科硕士Master of Arts文科硕士
He is good at mastering horse.他善于驯马。
Russian is a diffcult language to master.俄语是一种难掌握的语言。
You must learn to master your temper.你须学会控制自己的情绪。
16, perfect (excellent ideal flawless)
perfect weather极好的天气a perfect artist熟练的艺术家
be perfect in English精通英语perfect yellow纯黄色
perfect tense【语】完成时Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
17, arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
arrange a quarrel[dispute, difference]调解争执[纠纷, 争论]
I arranged books on the shelves.我把书架上的书整理好。
I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.我约定在十点钟会见她。
arrange for安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
come to an arrangement谈妥; 达成协议
make arrangement for为...做好准备; 为...做好安排
make arrangement with sb.与(某人)商定或约好, (和某人)达成协议; 做好准备; 做出安排
He arranged that the meeting (should )be put off for a week.
18, set foot in v.进入 踏进set foot on v.踏上
He said he would never set foot in that house again.
They were filled with joy when they set foot on chinese soil in late March.
set up开办建立 /set aside搁置 /set out出门/set off出发/set down放下 /set about着手
19, have an effect on
have a bad/ good/side effect on
20, rely
v.依赖, 依靠, 信赖, 信任, 依赖于
rely on /upon depend on count on
we must rely on our own efforts to do it.
You may rely on it that linda will finish the task on time.
You cannot rely on his coming in time.
21, failure n.失败, 失败者
F-is the mother of success.(=F-teaches success.)失败为成功之母。
22, come to life v.苏醒过来, 变得活跃, 显得逼真
the quite girl has come to life since she lived with her grandpa.
come to oneselfv.苏醒, 醒悟 恢复知觉
23, base
n.底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点
vt.以...作基础, 基于..
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
Advertisements based on these facts have been printed in newspapers and magazines but have not helped much.根据这些情况拟定的广告词登载在报纸和杂志上,但是效果不大。
（与on, upon连用）根据；基于
One should always base one's opinions on facts. 意见应以事实为根据。
24, markn.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号
vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story. 老师给了我的故事以好的评分。
You have a dirty mark on your face. 你脸上有个脏点。
He marked the floor with chalk. 他用粉笔在地板上作记号。
25, agency n.代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介
sole agency 独家代理
agency general 总代理
agency service 代理业务
26, toward prep.向, 对于, 为了adj.有希望的,逼近的, towards prep.
forwards adv.(=forward)向前方, 继续向前 forward adj. 前进的adv.向前地, 向将来
backward adv.adj.向后地(的), 相反地(的), 追溯, 退步, 由好变坏
backwards adv.向后
look forward to put forward put forward an argument提出论点
the monitor put forward a new plan at the meeting.
The attack had been put forward half an hour.
27, breakthrough n.突破
make a great breakthrough in
28, march n.行军v.进军, 前进 使行军
n.(March)三月(略作Mar)
march on(继续)向前进
on the march在行进中；在发展中
Science is on the march.
29, aim n.目标, 目的, 瞄准v.对...瞄准, 打算
I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。
aim at 向...瞄准
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at a weight loss of ten pounds.
We must aim at increasing exports.
shoot at
30, announce vt.宣布, 通告
It has been announce d that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week.
已正式宣布A先生与B小姐将于下星期结婚。
declare公告；布告；宣告；声明
to declare war 宣战
to declare the result of election 公布选举结果
announcement
n.宣告, 发表, 一项公告, 一项私人告示
31, evolution
n.进展, 发展, 演变, 进化
the evolution of a story故事情节的发展
study the evolution of man研究人类的进化
evolutionism n.进化论, 进化说
32, battle n.战役(指大规模会战), 战争
vi.作战, 战斗, 搏斗, 斗争
They died in battle.他们在战斗中牺牲。
win a battle gain a battle 战胜, 打胜仗
lose the battle战败
Unit 12
1, fiction n.虚构, 杜撰; 编造 小说; 虚构的文学作品(包括小说、剧本等)
science fiction 科学小说, 科学幻想故事(表示小说时不可数)
It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person.
把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。
Fact[Truth] is stranger than fiction.[谚]事实比小说还离奇。
fictionist小说家fictioneer (尤指粗制滥造的)小说作家
2, belief n.(pl. beliefs)相信;)信仰; 信心;信条 信念; 意见
have belief in the masses相信群众
a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人
There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents.
没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。
have belief in相信, 信任
belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。
faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。
3, make a living by/make one’s living gain earn get a living as a
live on
4, apply vt.申请 应用, 实施; 运用,
apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践
apply one's mind to专心于...
vi.适用; 应用(to)请求, 申请, 向...询问
You may apply in person or by letter.
你亲自或通信申请均可。
For particulars apply to the office.详情请问办事处。
be applied to适用于, 应用于,
apply for申请; 请求, 接洽
apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事
apply sth. to把...施于...; 把...运用于...
apply to关系到, 牵涉到
applicant n.申请者, 请求者
provide supply
5,the foundationof an insititution/an organization
the foundation of the national economy国民经济的基础
foundation stone奠基石found founder
6, servant maid
A politician should be a servant of the people.政治家应当是人民的公仆。
Water may be good servants, but bad masters.
7,hunter
on the hunt (for)正在寻找 hunt for jobs
go hunting
8,set out (for)sp
set off for 出发
set out to do sth开始做……
9, collision n.碰撞, 冲突
collision at sea海上碰撞
come into collision with和... 相撞［冲突， 抵触］
collision with和... 相撞［冲突］
her activities brought her into collision with the law.触犯了法律
his car had a collision with a truck.
The two planes collided with each other in midair.
collide vi.碰撞, 抵触
collide with v.冲突
conflict n. 冲突
10, companion n.同伴, 共事者
companions in arms战友
a faithful companion忠实伴侣
make a companion of与...作伴， 与...为友
companionship 伴侣关系； 友谊
11, permanent adj.永久的, 持久的(lasting enduring)impermanent
permanent address永久地址
a permanent job固定职业
a permanent committee 常设委员会
12, voyage n.航程, 航空v.航海, 航行
a long journey by sea
they made a voyage across the Atlantic.
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space
13, iron
n.铁, 熨斗, 坚强, 烙铁, 镣铐
vt.烫平, 熨, 用铁装备vi.烫衣服
a man of iron意志坚强的人; 铁面无私的人
the Iron Age【史】铁器时代
a smoothing iron熨斗
put sb. in irons给某人戴上镣铐
an iron will 坚强的意志
趁热打铁strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot
14, aboard
adv.在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车)
prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)
they went aboard the ship
all aboard上船啦
go aboard上船 (上飞机等)
go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车
be on board在[到]船、飞机或车上
go abroad
15, dislike vt.讨厌, 不喜欢 n.嫌恶
I have taken a strong dislike of [to, for] him.我极不喜欢他。
I dislike selfish people.我讨厌自私的人。
likes and dislikes爱好和厌恶
unlike adj.不同的, 不相似的prep.不象...,和...不同
For twins, they are very unlike.作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样
She's unlike the rest of her family.她不同于她家里的其他成员
16, shore n.岸, 海滨, 支撑柱
off(the) shore离岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陆上
岸bank beach.海滩coast.海岸；海滨seaside 海滨(胜地) 海边
17, luggage n.行李, 皮箱
(=[美] baggage)行李
four pieces of luggage 四件行李
package n.包裹, 包belongings n.财产, 所有物, 相关事物, 亲戚
18, in public adv.当众, 公开地, 公然地 the public
in private
19, throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚
can you throw light on the problem?
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
20, brilliant adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的
brilliant achievements显赫的成就
a brilliant mind头脑敏锐的人
a brilliant scientist一位才华横溢的科学家(bright)
21, phenomenon n.现象(pl. -na)
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon.
a social phenomenon社会现象the phenomenon of nature自然现象
a phenomenon among musicians音乐界的奇才
22,hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿
hesitating adj.犹豫的, 踌躇的hesitatingly adv.支吾其词地, 踌躇地
hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇
hesitate at nothing毫不犹豫地做某事(at about over sth doing sth)
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。
He who hesitates is lost.[谚]当断不断, 必受其患。
Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。
23,brainstormn.灵机一动v.集体讨论
brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem
群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法
24, cut up v.切碎, 抨击, 歼灭, 使丧气, 胡闹
25.Labour creates the world.[u]
Unit 13
1,Cube n立方体；立方形；正六面体
The cube of 5 is 125. 5的立方是125。
The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.立方体的, 立方的a cubic meter 立方米
Square n.正方形 平方
2，sailor n.海员, 水手, 不大会晕船的人, 船员
sail v.航行(于) vi.启航, 开船n.帆, 篷, 航行
go sailing 坐船航行 marine舰队海洋的 mariner 水手
3， benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益do good to
a public benefit公益disability benefits残废抚恤金(pl)救济金
be of benefit to the people对人民有好处[U]
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.这部字典将对我有很大裨益。
Exercise benefits our health.运动有益于我们的健康。
We benefit by [from] daily exercises.每天做操对我们有益。
for the benefit of为了...的好处
It is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。
I did it for his benefit. 我做这个是为了帮助他。
The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于这场雨。
4， transport n 运输 vt.传送, 运输,
The goods were transported by train. 货物是用火车来运输的。transportation交通业
5， property n.财产, 所有物, 所有权, 性质, 特性
This car is my property. 这车是我的财产。
Many plants have medicinal properties. 许多植物具有药性。
belongings possession property wealth
6，range n.山脉vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…从……到……不等 vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃
Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains一列山脉
a range of pictures 一系列画片
the annual range of temperature每年的温度变化范围
a wide range of knowledge广博的知识
7，all the way adv.从远道, 自始至终, 一路上
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree.他一直爬上了树顶。
All the way back, they talked about films.
all the time adv.始终
8， unique adj.唯一的, 独特的
very unique或 more unique than不正确的 nearly unique和 almost unique是可接受的
9，hydrogen 氢 希腊语 hudra 水 + -gen 产生，变成
oxygen 氧
-gen表示“被生成”，“生成的”
10， relative n.亲戚, 关系词 adj.有关系的, 相对的absolute
After his troubles, he's now in relative comfort. 困境过后，他现在比较舒服了。
（与to连用）关于…的；有关…的
the facts that are relative to this question 与这个问题有关的事实
the facts relative to the problem与此问题有关的事实
live in relative comfort生活得较为舒适
be relative to和...成比例; 和...有关系; 随...为转移
relation n.关系, 联系, 叙述, 故事, 亲戚have relation to有关;和...有关系
relationship n.关系, 关联
The teacher has a very good relationship with her students. 这位老师和学生们关系很好。
What is your relationship to the victim?
Relate vt.叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系
relate to v.涉及
all the papers that relate to this subject有关这个问题的所有论文
theory of relativity相对论relativism
11, solid n.固体, 立体adj.固体的 纯粹的
He's still too ill to take solids. 他病得还很重，不能吃固体食物。
When water freezes , it becomes solid.
Liquid n.液体,adj.液体的
Gas n.气体
12, freeze v.(使)结冰, (使)冷冻, 冻结
freezing adj.冰冻的, 严寒的freezing air冷空气
freezing point 【物】冰点, 凝冻点a freezing glance冷淡的一瞥
13, pure
adj.纯的, 纯粹的, 纯净的, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 纯金
The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山间河流中的水通常是纯净的。
pure English 纯正英语a pure mind 心地纯洁
It was a pure accident.这全然是一次意外事故。
by pure chance 全凭运气 pure science 纯科学
applied impure (非实用的)
14, dense adj.密集的, 浓厚的 density n.密度
15, mass n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量
adj.群众的, 大规模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一团云。
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air一团热空气
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群众, 民众
Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生产
a mass-circulation magazine大量发行的杂志
16, float n.漂流物v浮动, 飘浮, 散播,
Wood floats on water. 木头漂浮在水上。
A feather floated down on the wind.一根羽毛随风飘落。
The logs float down the river. 木头沿河漂流。
The smell of roses floated around.玫瑰花的芳香在四周飘荡。
floatbridge浮桥,
on the float漂浮着
sink .沉
17, take (full) advantage of v.利用 make full use of
take advantage of sb.v.捉弄某人
take advantage of sth.v.趁机利用
18, decrease n.减少, 减少之量v.减少
The number of children in the school has decreased this year. 今年在校的儿童人数减少了。
on the decrease在减少中, 在下降中
increase增加
19, substance n.物质, 实质, 主旨
in substance 实质上,本质上,大体上
20, centigrade
adj.分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的
40℃ forty degrees centigrade.
21, absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
to absorb the full meaning of a remark 理解一句话的全部意义take in
He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。
be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于put heart into
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
22, give offv.发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等）
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
23, thus adv.因而, 从而, 这样, 如此
He sold his farm and thus he had enough money for his journey.
他卖掉了农场，这样他就有足够的钱旅行了。
There has been no rain - thus, the crops are drying. 天没下雨，因此庄稼要枯死了。
thus far至今，迄今
as thus这样, 因此, 这样一来
thus much这么多; 到这里为止
24, stable adj.稳定的n厩；马房
Is that ladder stable? 那架梯子平稳吗？
a man of stable character性格坚定的人
He is a very stable person.他是一个非常可靠的人。
25, sense n.官能, 感觉, 判断力vt.感到, 理解, 认识
He has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅觉很灵敏。
a good business sense 有经济头脑
make sense有 意义；意思清楚；有道理
He sensed that something had happened in his house.
Sensitive adj.敏感的, 灵敏的Insensitive
be sensitive to对...敏感, 易感受...
the eyes are sensitive to light.眼睛对光敏感。
She is sensitive to what people think of her她很敏感人们对她是怎么想的。
26, steady
adj.稳固的, 稳定的, 坚定的, 扎实的, 坚定不移的v.(使)稳定, (使)稳固
as steady as a rock稳如磐石
making steady progress取得稳定的进步
steady rain连绵的雨
a steady man踏实的人
steady in one's purpose意志坚定的
27, motion.运动, 动作v.运动movement
the movement for liberation 解放运动
motion and rest 运动和静止
28，call in v.召集, 召来, 来访
29，nurse .护士, 保姆vt.护理, 看护
nursing n.看护, 养育nursery 托儿所
30，recreation消遣, 娱乐
recreate v.(使)得到休养, (使)得到娱乐
entertainment.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演
31， variety n.变化, 多样性,，种类
种种；各类
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.这个购物中心出售许多种商品。
At school we learn a variety of things. 在学校我们学习各种东西。
（与of连用）变种
new varieties of wheat 小麦的新品种
32， define vt.定义, 详细说明
definition n.定义, 解说
be blind to
be deaf to
be good to
be known to
be used to
be relative to
be similar to
be married to
be close to
be polite to
be harmful to
be equal to
see to
give birth to
owe… to
refer to
put an end to
look forward to
drink to
devote to
remember to
add to
add up to
set fire to
stick to
pay attention to
lead to
get down to
call at sp
call on sb
call in 来访召集
call back回电
call for 要求 需要
call off 取消
call out 叫喊