1．consist vi. 由……组成；由……构成
常构成短语：consist of"由… ，组成；由……构成”。
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
联合王国是由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成的。
This club consists O{more than 200 members．
这个俱乐部由200位以上的会员所组成。
Her diet consisted mainly of bread and vegetables．
她的日常食物主要由面包和蔬菜构成。
比较：consist in“在于；存在于”
The beauty Of this picture consists in its balance of colors．
这幅画的美在于其色彩的协调。
2．advantage n．有利条件；优点；长处；优势
It is an advantage if you know how to type． 如果你会打字，对你将有利。
There’re several advantage in city life．都市生活有几个优点。
She’s got the job because she had the advantages over others of knowing many languages. 因为她有(别人所无的)懂多种语言的长处，所以获得这项工作。
In the first half, we had the advantage over the opposing team.
前半场．我们比对手占有优势。
take advantage of利用
We took advantage of the fine weather to go on a hike.
我们利用晴朗的天气去远足．
I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of．
我希望这座图书馆能被允分利用．
He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows money too often．
他利用她人好心软．三番五次向她借钱。
3. make the most of充分利用；充分展示
We should make the most of our opportunities.我们应该充分利用我们的机会，
You should try 10 make the most of your time.你应尽量利用你的时间．
注：亦可写成make the best of
4. influence n. 影响；作用；势力
have (an) influence on / upon / over “对…有影响”
The book had a great influence on his life.这本书对他的人生影响很大。
A teacher has great influence over his pupils．老师对他的学生很有影响力．
Environment is a great influence on character．环境对性格有很大的影响，
His new girlfriend has been a bad influence on him.他的新女友一直对他影响不好．
vt. 影响,对……有作用
The weather in summer influences the rice crops．
夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成：
What influenced you to do it? 你受了什么影响去做那件事？
5. basis n．基础；根据；基本原则
His theory has a solid basis in fact．他的理论确实有坚实的基础．
What is your basis of / for your idea? 你这个想法的根据是什么?
on a …basis 或on the basis of “以……为基础”
They reached the agreement on an equal basis.
他们在平等的基础上达成了这顶协议。
All customers will be attended on a first-come-served basis.
所有顾客将按先来先办的原则接受服务．
On the basis of those facts，we can reach the following conclusion.
根据那些事实，我们可得出以下结论．
6．run over
(车辆)从……上驶过；碾压
The train ran over the man as he waa crossing the 1ine.
那人在过铁路时被火车轧死了。
The car ran over a dog. 那辆汽车从一只狗身±轧了过去．
匆匆看过一遍；复习
Run over this letter for me, please．请帮我看看这封信。
The speaker ran over his notes before the lecture．
演讲人在开讲前匆匆看了一遍讲演稿．
溢出
The cup was full and the water in it was running over.那杯子已满．水正溢出．
The teapot began to run over.那个茶壶的水开始溢出来．
7．strength n. 力量；力气；体力
He is a man of great strength. 他是个力气很大的人。
He got his strength back slowly after his illness．他病后慢慢恢复了体力．
She doesn’t have enough strength to walk up stairs. 她没有足够的力气走上楼梯．
It will be some time before I recover my full strength．
一段时间后我才能完全恢复体力。
Her strength of will is extraordinary．她的意志力特别坚强．
8. belief n.相信；信任；信念；看法
It is my belief that he will win. 我相信他会胜出．
It was once a common belie that the earth was flat．从前一般人相信地球是平的。
Her belief in God is very firm．她对上帝的信仰很坚定，
He has great belief in the lawyer．他非常信任那位律师．
beyond belief “难以置信，不可信”
The rumour is beyond belief．此谣言不可信．
She was intelligent beyond belief.．她的聪明令人难以置信。
9. approach l向……靠近；接近
We approached the birds quietly and watched them．我们悄悄上前观察那些小鸟。
The old man is approaching ninety. 那位老人年近九十．
My work is approaching completion．我的工作接近完成．
The time for graduation is approaching．毕业的日子近了。
vt. 与……接洽，着手处理（问题等)
Did he approach you about borrowing money? 他有设有跟你接洽借款的事？
We should approach this problem with great care.我们应该非常慎重地处理这个问髓．
n. 接近；入门，途径；方法
With the approach of winter the weather came coder.
随着冬天的接近．天气变得更冷了。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police．
所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了．
This book provides a good approach to the 1earning of foreign languages．
这本书提供了一个学习外语的好方法。
10。as it is事实上；实际上；实际情况是；按原来的样子；照现在的样子
I thought conditions would get better，but as it is they are getting worse．
我以为情况会好转，但事实上反而更糟了。
If he were not ill，he would go to see the play。As it is，he has to stay at home．
如果他不生病的话，他是要去看戏的。实际上，他只好呆在家里了。
I like the house better as it is . 我更喜欢这所房子现在的这个样子。
They agreed to buy the house as it is．他们同意照房子原样把它买下来。
11．hold together使结合在一起；使团结
Their mutual interest held them together。他们的共同利益使他们团结。
Hold your things together．把你的东西收拾在一起。
The sheets are held together by paper clips．那些纸用纸夹夹在一起了。
12.make up
①构成；组成；凑足；常用被动语态形式：be made up of “由 ……组成”。
We need one more player to make up a team．
我们再需要一名队员就能凑足一个球队。
The committee is made up of seven members． 这个委员会由七个成员组成。
②编造；捏造；虚构
She made up stories to amuse her little brother． 她编故事哄她弟弟开心。
Is she telling the truth，or making it a11 up? 她说的是真话还是全属虚构?
She is very good at making up excuses．她很会找借口。
③弥补，把……补上
I must make up the loss somehow．我必须设法弥补损失。
John must make up the work he missed． 约翰必须把错过的工作补上。
④和解；和好
They quarrelled but soon made up．他们吵了一架，但很快就言归于好。
You don't really hate each other，so why don't you make up?
你们又不是真的恨对方，所以还是和好吧。
⑤化装；打扮
She took over 30 minutes to make up。 她化装花了30多分钟。
13．bear vt. 结(果实)；生育
Can older woman bear healthy babies? 较老的妇女能生下健康的婴儿吗?
She has borne a son．她生了个儿子。
This tree bears no fruit．这棵树不结果。
vt．负担；支撑
The ice on the lake will not bear your weight． 这湖上的冰无法承受你的体重。
Who will bear the expense? 谁要负担这费用呢?
vt. 忍耐；忍受；通常与can ／could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中。
I can't bear the pain any more．我痛得再也忍不住了。
I couldn't bear the thought of being parted with her.想到要与她分手我就受不了，
此时bear后常接动名词或不定式作宾语。
I cannot hear being ignored／to be ignored． 我受不了被人忽视。
I can't bear living／to live a lone．一个人独居我受不了。 vt．耐得住；经得起；常用物作主语，后接动名词作宾语。
That story doesn't bear repeating．那个故事不值得重述。
Will the suit bear washing? 这套西装耐洗吗?