1．undertake vt. 承担(工作、责任等)；承办；着手做；从事
The lawyer undertook a new case． 那位律师承办了一件新的案子。
He undertook the difficult task willingly．他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
I will undertake the responsibility for you．我会为你负担起责任。
He undertook a new experiment．他着手一项新的实验。
Vt. 保证；担保；后接动词不定式或that从句。
He undertook to finish the work by Monday．他担保在星期飞以前完成工作。
I can't undertake that you will win in the election．我不能保证你在选举中会赢。
2．within prep．(表示时间、距离)“在……以内”
You will have to finish the work within an hour．你必须在一小时内完成工作。
He lives within two miles Of the school. 他家距离学校不到两英里。
The station is within walking distance away. 车站离此不远.
Stay within hearing distance of the house．不要走得太远．免得家人呼叫不到。
(表示范围、程度)“在… 范围之内”
Medicine should not be 1eft within reach of small children．
药品不可放在幼儿伸手可及的范围内．
They finally come within sight of the shore. 他们终于来到看得见海岸的地方．
It wasn’t within my power to help her. 帮助她井非我力所能从之事。
3．similar adj．相似的；类似的
Our cars arre similar only 1n color． 我们的车子只是颜色类似，
My wife and I have similar tastes in music. 我妻子与我有相似的音乐爱好。
be similar to… 与……相似
My opinions are similar to his. 我的看法与他的相似．
Wheal is similar to barley. 小麦与大麦很相似．
4．go by 走过；过去
A squad car went by at full speed. 一辆巡逻车全速驶过．
He was not，n when I went by． 我过访的时候．他不在家。
Several years went by before they met again.他们过了好几年后才再度见面。
As time goes by．His hair is turning gray．随着时光飞逝。他的头发变白丁．
5. engage vt. 使订婚；常用过去分词作表语。
be get engaged(to sb)(与某人)订婚
engage sb．to sb． 使某人与某人订婚
be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表状态)
get engaged to sb． 与某人订婚(表动作)，
My daughter is engaged to a young teacher．我女儿和一位年轻的老师订婚了．
They got engaged last summer．他们于去年夏天订了婚．
vt.使从事于；使忙于
engage (oneself)in sth 或be / get engaged in sth．“从事于某事；忙于做某事”
He wants to engage himself in foreign trade．他想从事对外贸易。
He was engaged in writing letters. 他在忙着写信。
I cannot go with you. I am engaged. 我不能跟你去．我现在很忙。
… 雇用
He engaged my sister as his secretary．他雇用我妹妹当秘书．
6. use up用完；用尽；(用于被动语态)筋疲力尽
He has used up all his money他花光了所有的钱，
We used up all the bread al breakfast. 早饭我们吃光了所有的面包．
The so1dters were after the long battle.
士兵们在经过漫长的战斗后已经筋疲力尽了．
7．dream梦想；梦到
She dreamed of success in few years．她梦想几年后能成功。
I often dreamed of becoming a doctor. 我时常梦想成为一位医生。
I dreamed of her last night. 我昨夜梦见她了。
I wouldn't dream of cheating you. 我做梦也没想要欺骗你呀。
Little / Never did I dream of being elected. 我做梦也没想到会当选。
I never dreamed of there being such a good hotel in this town.
我真没想到这个城镇中还有这么好的宾馆。
8．seek vt．寻找；探索；追求
He is seeking an answer to the problem．他正在寻找该问题的答案。
They sought shelter from the rain． 他们找寻避雨的地方。
He found订worthless to seek fame． 他发现追求名声是不值得的。
Seek one's／a fortune 追求财富；碰运气
seek for／after 寻找；追求
She sought for a solution to the problem．她寻找解决该问题的办法。
He is seeking after wealth and power and position.他追求财富、权势和地位。
vt．尝试；试图；后常接动词不定式作宾语。
He sought to deceive his parents but in vain．他试图欺骗双亲，但白费心机。
They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped．
他们试图惩罚他的罪行，但他却逃跑了。
9．Turn out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)；后常接“(to be)+ adj.／n．”，亦可接副词。
The night turned out cold and rainy．那个晚上结果是寒冷且下雨。
The rumor turned out(to be)true．那谣言后来证明是真的。
The plan turns out well． 那项计划结果很圆满。
He turned out(to be)a spy．他竟然是一名间谍。
可构成句型：It turns out that…“结果是……；后来证实 ．．．．．”。
It turns out that she has never been married．结果是她根本没结过婚。
It turned out that two travellers had been killed．后来证实有两位旅客丧生。
10．curious adj.好奇的；好求知的；爱打听隐私的
Don't be so curious! 别那么好奇!
She is too curious about her neighbors’business．她太好管邻居的闲事。
He was curious to know what would happen．他很想知道会发生什么事。
I am curious(as to)why she didn't come．我很想知道她为什么没来。
curiously adv． 好奇地；奇怪地
They looked at her curiously．他们好奇地看着她。
Curiously enough，he didn't Like music．说也奇怪，他并不喜欢音乐。
11．punish vt.惩罚；处罚
The murderer was punished by death． 那杀人犯被处以死刑。
Drunken driving should be punished severely by the law．
酗酒开车应受到法律严惩。
He narrowly escaped being punished．他差一点受到惩罚。
常用于punish sb．For doing sth．结构。
His father punished him for telling lies．他父亲因他说谎而处罚他。
The teacher punished him for cheating On the exam．
老师因为他考试作弊而处罚他。
12． Make a difference产生差别；有影响；起重要作用
I admit that makes a difference．我承认那与众不同。
Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause．
你的支持当然会对我们的事业起作用。
常用 it 作形式主语，后接wh-从句。
It makes a difference which you choose．你选择哪一个，事关重大．
It makes no difference which you choose． 不管他去或是不去，对我无关紧要。
13．march，nt，suit
match v.和……相配；和……相称；使较量”， 一般指两样东西互相匹配或两人的能力势均力敌．互为对手．
fit v.“使适合；使相配”，一般指衣服、鞋帽等合体、合身．强调大小、尺寸与某人的身材合适．
suit v．“适合于；相配”一般指气候、食物、花色．款式、设计等适合某人。
This hat matches your jacket perfectly. 这顶帽子跟你的夹克十分相配.
We must find carpets that’ll match the curtain.
我们必须寻找可和这些窗帘搭配的地毯.
I can't match her at chess. 我下棋比不上她.
The two pieces of furniture don't match. 这两件家具不搭配．
These shoes fit me very well. 这双鞋子我穿着大小正合适．
I don't think this jacket fits me; it's rather too small.
我想这件上衣不适合我，大小了。
This climate doesn't suit her. 这种气候不适合她。
Rich food doesn't suit my stomach. 油腻的食物不适合我的胃口。
The color of the dress suits her very well. 这衣物的颜色很适合她．
14． What if倘使……将会怎样；即使……又有什么要紧
What if they should be thieves? 如果他们是贼的话怎么办？
What if she finds out that you have lost her book?
倘使她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办?
What if we fail/failed/should fail? 万一我们失败了，怎么办？
What if a storm should come up? 暴风雨要是来了怎么办？
What if I fail? 即使我失败了又能怎样？
what if 还可以用来表示“建议、邀请或要求”，从句中常用一般现在时或一般过去时．
15. (辨析)observe与watch
observe vt. 观察，察觉，遵守，庆祝
(1)当“观察”讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤其用于实验或研究等场合。
(2)observe可意为“察觉到”(see and notice)，watch意为“盯着看”
(keep one’s eyes fixed on)
(3)watch可意为“观看(比赛、电视、电影)等”，observe没有此意。
(4)watch还有“照料”之意，相当于take care of，也可意为“当心”，相
当于be careful with，pay attention to，observe没有此意。
He often observes the behaviour of birds.
The policeman observed the man open the window.
He observed that it had turned cloudy.
Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? 那个国家的人过圣诞节吗?
Anyone who comes here must observe the rules．来的人都必须遵守规定。
She has observed the stars all her life．她一生都在观察星星。
They were observed entering the bank at 8：32。他们被看到在8：32进了银行。
They watched the games while sitting under the trees．他们坐在树下看比赛。
She watched the train until汁disappeared from sight．
她一直看着火车消失在视线之外。
I'll watch the baby while you are away．你不在时由我照料婴儿。
You'd better watch Smith；I think he is a thief．
你最好当心史密斯，我想他是个贼。
Watch that the milk doesn't boil over．注意别让牛奶煮溢了。
16. doubt
固定句式：There’s no doubt that…
There was no doubt that he had been misunderstood.
There is little doubt that he will succeed.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
There's no doubt about／of his honesty．毫无疑问他是诚实的。
(提示)There's no doubt后接名词时，需用介词about或of. 如：
(链接)doubt作动词用时，肯定句中可用whether, if，that引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用that。如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help． 他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。
I doubt if he's honest．我怀疑他是否诚实。
I doubt(that)he will come to the party． 我认为他未必会来参加聚会。
He never doubted that they would win the game．
他从来不怀疑他们将赢得那场比赛。
17. debate
debate作动词用，意为“辩论，争论，参加辩论”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：
The question Of whether war can be abolished has often been debated．
战争能否废除是人们常常争论的一个问题。
They were debating about a foolish question．他们在争论一个愚蠢的问题。
(拓展)debate也可用作名词。如：
After much debate Harry was chosen captain of the football team．
经过许多辩论以后，哈利被选为足球队长。
After a long debate the bill was passed by the House Of Com-
mons．经过长时间的辩论以后，该议案在下议院通过。
(辨析)debate，argue，discuss与quarrel
(1)debate to argue about sth. ,usually in an effort to persuade other
people 辩论的目的在于说服对方
(2)argue to present reasons for or against sth．，especially clearly
and in proper order 条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由
(3)discuss to talk about(sth．with sb．)from several points of view
从不同的观点出发，讨论某事