1.A woman lost in the fog
沉迷于________________
迷路________________
And there, almost _________ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
2.Sense
感觉官能
the sense of sight/hearing/smell/humor
常识见识
There’s a lot of sense in what she says.
make sense
eg: what you say makes no sense.
Make sense of sth=make out/understand
Common sense常识
3..By touching
by (doing) sth
You switch the radio on _________ (press) the button.
__________ (work) hard he gained rapid promotion.
The room is heated by gas/oil.
我可以用支票付款么？
比较：
by (doing) sth通过做什么，用什么交通工具
with sth 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官，其后的名词多被冠词，物主代词等修饰（with a pen/ pencil）
through sth 后多接抽象名词
in sth使用语言，原料，材料
用英语___________________
用墨水_____________________
用收音机___________________
通过电话___________________
用望远镜___________________
4..even if/though
Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.
She loves the child _______ she were his mother.
I like her _______she can be annoying.
5..cover
1).cover sth (up) with sth
cover the table with a cloth
be covered with sth
2).Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.
3)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
4).Is this historical event covered in today’s newspaper?
6.usual 通常的，平常的。
Ordinary 普通的，一般的
Common 1）常见的，通常的 2）共有的。
Robbery is not ________ in this area...
Make all the ________ excuses
We share a ________ purpose
I’ll have my _________, please.
As is _________ with children, they soon got tired.
We were dressed up for the party but he was still in her _____ clothes.
________ people just like you and me
Pine trees are ________ throughout the world.
7.比较：
observe/watch/glance/stare/glare
she ___________ shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
________ what I do and how I do it.
The police ___________ the man entering the bank.
She had little time and had to _______ at the news titles before going to work.
He didn’t shout or swear, but just _________ silently at me.
She used to like ________ the behavior of birds.
Do they _________ Christmas in that country?
They are _______ for further development.
It is rude to ________.
She was __________ into the distance.
Could you ________ my clothes while I have a swim?
8. deserted adj.
a. with no one present 无人的
这个办公室里没有人______________________
b. abandoned 被离弃的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
被离弃的房子＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
desert
1) v.
a. go away from a place without intending ever to return离弃
全村人都逃走了，或许因为该地区有恐怖分子．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
b. leave sb. without help or support; abandon 离弃；抛弃
他抛弃了妻子儿女，出国去了．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
c. leave (service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away擅自离开（军中或船上的职守）；潜逃
战争期间开小差的士兵要受到严惩．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
d. fail sb. when needed 在关键时使某人失望
他丧失了勇气．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2) n［C,U］. 沙漠，荒原
撒哈拉大沙漠 the Sahara Desert
[attrib作定语]desert wastes, sands, esc.不毛的荒地，沙漠
desert island 无人居住的岛
deserter n. 擅离职守者，潜逃者
desertion n. 离弃；抛弃；遗弃
deserts n. 应得到的事物
(2005湖南,49) Have you got used to the life in the _____? It must be quite a shock after living in Boston.
A. desert B. city C. state D. country
9. lie
1). v.
A. 说谎 (pt): lied，(pp): lied, (pres p): lying
她谎报年龄．
She lies about her age.
B. (pt): lay, (pp): lain, (pres p): lying
a. 躺，平卧
别一上午都躺在床上！
Don’t lie in bed all morning!
b. be at rest on a surface 平放
c. remain in a certain state 留在或保持在某种状态
地面上厚厚的雪
snow lying thick on the ground
e. 位于
该城位于海边．
The town lies on the coast.
2). n.
A．谎言，假话
他说的纯粹是一派谎言．
His story is nothing but a pack of lies.
B. 某物所处的状态或位置
the lie of the land 地形地貌
Lay v. (pt/ pp): laid (pres p): laying
A. put sth. in a certain position 将某物置于某位置
把书放在桌上
lay the book on the table
B. cause sth./ sb. to be in a certain state 使某人／物处于某种状态
C. produce (eggs) 产卵，下蛋
现在那些母鸡不爱下蛋．
The hens are not laying well.
10. Sight
1) n.
A. vision; ability to see 视力，视觉
B. 看，看见
C. 视野，视界
in/ within/ out of one’s sight 看得见／看不见
还能看见那列火车．
The train is still in sight.
D. 情景，景象，奇观
春天百花盛开十分美丽．
The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
2) v. 看见
海上航行三天后我们见到了陆地．
After three days at see, we sighted land.
＊辨析sight, scene, view, scenery
sight 指观光风景；
Scene 指人工场景或某个具体情景
View 指远眺，俯视或仰视看到的景色
Scenery 是景色的总称，且不可数．
11.set off 开始(旅行，赛跑)，出发，动身
你打算明天几点钟启程？
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
set sth. off : cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode使(炸弹,地雷)等爆炸;引爆
set sb. off (doing sth.) 使某人开始做某事
别让他谈政治，不然他一谈就得一个晚上．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
区分set off , set out 和set about:
set off 出发；动身；触发；引爆
set out 出发；动身；开始；陈列
set about 开始做或处理；着手；做
饭已经摆在桌子上了．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
他开始着手做家务．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
set about sb. : attack sb. with words 攻击或抨击某人
set forth : start a journey ; set out 启程；出发；动身
Set aside : (a) save or keep( money or time) 节省或保留
(b) place sth. to one side 将某物放在一边
(c) ignore sth.不理会某物；对...不予考虑
set sb./ sth. apart (from sb./ sth) 使某人／物与众不同或优于其他的
set up 竖起，创立，造成，产生
(2004江苏,29) It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
10. beat (vi.)
a. (心脏)跳动；雨水击打
听见那个男人的声音，我的心跳得厉害．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
冰雹落在窗户上．
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
b. 用棍打；打败；超越
我队被对方轻易打败了． __________________________________________
击鼓 beat a drum
辨析beat，defeat，win
＊beat和defeat是同义词，其宾语是人或集体，如a team, a class, a school, an army等．defeat侧重在战场打败敌人，beat常用于比赛中，但在实践中常替换使用．
敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败．________________________________________
他下棋赢了我．____________________________
*win 表示在较强的比赛中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize等．
保守党在上次议会选举中从工党手里夺得这个议席．
___________________________________________________
(2005辽宁,36) When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians had _____ them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.
A. hit B. fought C. won D. beaten
11. fear
1) n. emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, ect 恐惧，惧怕
吓得说不出话来 ____________________________
医生的报告证实了我们最为担心的事．__________________________________
2) v. 害怕，惧怕
中世纪时这种瘟疫十分可怕。_______________________________________
fearful adj. 紧张的；可怕的
fearless adj. 无畏的
fearsome adj. 样子可怕的
fear for sb./ sth. 对某人／事担忧或关心
for fear of 以免，怕的是
for fear that 生怕；为了防止...发生
辨析be afraid , fear, frighten
* be afraid to do :怕，不敢；be afraid +that ...恐怕
Eg. 我不是害怕那辆车，我是怕那个开车的人．
__________________________________________________________________
他不敢和陌生人交谈．
____________________________________________________
我恐怕不能． _________________________
＊Fear 可作动词也可作名词，但口语中多用be afraid of
＊frighten 只用作动词，指“吓唬，使害怕”；fear 侧重指“怕”；afraid （adj）担心，通常用very much 修饰，且只作表语，不作定语．
14. wish for
have or express a desire for sb./ sth. 盼望，想要，期盼
夫复何求？一切已尽善尽美__________________________________________________
Wish+宾语从句：用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望
⑴表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式
⑵表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could+do
⑶表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用had done 或could/would have done
我希望能记得母亲更多的事情____________________________________________
我希望你下周一能和我一起购物。________________________________________________
我希望我们两小时之前就到达了北京____________________________________________
辨析wish和hope：
＊两者后都可接不定式
＊hope后接宾语从句要用陈述语气；wish后可接复合宾语，宾补成分是不定式／形容词／过去分词／副词，而hope不可接复合结构．Wish后可接双宾语，hope不可．
祝你旅途愉快．
Wish you a pleasant journey home.
＊wish用做名词，作“祝愿，祝福”讲时，常用复数形式．
Best wishes to you.
(2002上海)How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. Has B. had C. will have D. had had
15. still
1) adj. without movement or sound ; quiet and calm不动的，寂静的
死水 still water
我给你拍照时请别动_______________________________________________________
(saying) still water run deep : a quiet or apparently calm person can have strong emotions, much knowledge or wisdom, etc静水流深 (沉静或沉默寡言者会有强烈情感，丰富知识或非凡智慧等)
2) n. 剧照，定格画面
(saying) the still of the night : the calmness or silence of the night 夜间的寂静
3) v. (cause sth to) become calm or at rest 使平静下来或静止
她无法消除内心的不安． __________________________________________
stillness [u.n] quality of being still 静止；寂静；平静
4). adv. 仍然，依旧；更(修饰比较级)
She is still busy.
他写出的小说更多了．
_________________________________________
(2004上海,55) A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can ____ swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.
A. only B. hardly C. still D. even
16. reach out 伸出来
他伸出援助之手帮助有困难的人____________________________________________
reach...for...=reach out ...for...伸出...够...
他伸手拿字典． ______________________________________________
(2004湖北) Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the _____ of children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
17. find oneself doing sth. 发现自己在做...
他发现自己躺在地上． ________________________________________
find +宾语＋宾补(adj./p.p./adv./to be/prep. phr)结构：
他们在山洞里发现士兵们伤得很重．
_____________________________________________________________
希望我们再见面时你的情绪能好一些
_____________________________________________________________
他发现他的父母那天早上在飞机场等他．
_____________________________________________________________
(NMET2003, 22) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. not to smoke
18. stare up at 抬头凝视
stare v．
stare（at sb./ sth.） 瞪着眼睛凝视
他们都惊讶得瞪大了眼睛___________________________________________________________
使某人惊谔 make sb. stare
stare (n.) long fixed gaze; staring look 凝视，注视；盯
不礼貌地瞪某人一眼 _______________________
辨析stare，gaze，glare，和glance的区别：
＊gaze表示目不转睛地看，并含有“惊叹”，“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思．
她对它凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜．”
___________________________________________________________
＊stare特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”，“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思．
那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟．
___________________________________________________________
＊glare表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性地瞪眼睛”
穿着衬衣的男人站在房子外面瞪着我们．
___________________________________________________________
＊glance指“看一看”的动作，glance的结果是glimpse(瞥见)
17. rest
1) v.
a. be still or asleep in order to regain one’s strength 休息
b. rest (sth) on/ against sth
lie or be placed on/ against sth. for support倚靠在某物身上；靠某物支撑
她把肘部靠在桌子上．_____________________________
c. rest on sb./ sth. :depend or rely on sb./ sth.依靠或依赖某人
英国把获得奖牌的希望寄托在他的身上．_____________________________
d. rest on sb./ sth. 目光等停留在某人／物上
e. be left without further investigation or pursuit中止
事情不能就此作罢，我要求向我道歉．
___________________________________________________________
2) n. [C, U] 睡眠或休息的时间
20. watch out for 当心，注意．可单独使用，也可接介词for再接宾语
当心！车子过来了．
Watch out! There is a car coming.
watch v. & n. 观看；注视；注意；当心
当心身体 watch one’s health
留心找寻；小心等候 watch for
小心；谨慎行事 watch one’s step
监视；密切注视 keep (a) watch on/ over
＊watch out (for) = look out (for) “当心，小心”，接宾语时，后加for．be careful 和take care 也可译为：“注意，当心”，后接动词不定式．
Be careful not to catch cold.= Take care not to catch cold.
21. that of an old man: “that”代替前面的the face
*that用来代替前文提到过的不可数名词和可数单数名词,不能和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those.
Eg. 中国的人口比日本多.
___________________________________________________________
对很多小学生来说，老师的建议比家长的建议重要得多
___________________________________________________________
＊that 指代可数名词时，相当于the one; those 相当于the ones. One和ones也是替代词，用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数，ones指代复数，所替代的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语和后置定语，也可单独使用．特指时必须加定冠词the．
Eg．我希望这里有足够的杯子分给每个客人．
___________________________________________________________
＊区分it和替代词that：it特指上文提到的同名同物，不能带任何修饰语．That所替代的是同名异物，其后总有修饰语．
Eg．只有一台电视机了，我想把它买下来．
___________________________________________________________
展会上有很多车．我喜欢那种车．
___________________________________________________________
(2005江苏,26) I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ___ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those