New words:
1.frightening adj.
fright---n. the feeling of fear 惊吓；恐怖
with fright =with fear
I was shocked with fright/ fear.
frighten-vt. fill with fear 使吃惊；惊吓
frighten sb.
sb. be frightened by
at
to do
that
You frightened me.
The explosion frightened me.
The child was frightened by the big dog.
She was frightened by the height of the cliff.
He was frightened at the thought of his coming examination.
She was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.
The little girl was frightened that her mother wouldn’t come back.
作定语：
He has had a ___ (frightened, frightening) experience.
He threw me a quick ___ ( frightened, frightening )glance.
The ___ (frightened; frightening) horse ran away from the fire.
*frighten sb. into/ into doing 吓得某人做某事/不做某事
persuade sb. into doing
argue sb. into (out of ) doing
He frightened the old lady into/ out of signing the paper.
他吓唬老太太，让她在文件上签字/不签字。
*be frightened of= be afraid of
She was frightened of police.
2.hurricane-n.飓风
typhoon –n.台风
volcano –n。火山
earthquake-地震
tsunami-海啸
tornado –n.龙卷风
3.threat-n.1）威胁；威胁的话；
under threat of 在。。。的威胁下
I obeyed, but only under thread of death. 我仅仅是在死亡威胁下 屈服了。
make a threat 威胁
2）possible danger 可能的危险；凶兆（常用单）
The killer is a threat to everyone.
The flood was a thread to our homes.
3)征兆[c]
There is a threat of rain.
The clouds brought a threat of rain.
threaten –v. 威胁；有。。。的危险
threaten to do
sb。with 威胁着要。。。
She threatened to murder me.
I was threatened with punishment if I don’t obey. 如果我不服
的话，就用处罚威胁我。
The clouds threatened rain.云显得要下雨了。
4. on end –1)of time continuously(指时间)连续地
He sat there for hours on end.
He studied for days on end.
2)up right直立；竖起来
stand on end (使)竖起来
We had to stand the table on end to get it through the door.
When he heard the strange cry, his hair stood on end.
The sight of the dead man made his hair stand on end.
*come to an end
*come to … end
* in the end
*make ends meet
*put an end to
v. end in 以。。。告终；结果。。。
The plan ended in failure.
The match ended in a win for us.
The battle ended in a victory(in everyone going home.
end up 最后（有某种结局）；最后（成了）
If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.
If you go on doing that kind of thing you’ll end up in prison.
end up with =close with 以。。。结束
We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.
5.terrify-vt. 使害怕；使惊恐
Your views terrified me.
be terrified by
She was terrified by his appearance.
Terrified by the sight of lion, Bill climbed a tree.
be terrified of 害怕
The old lady was terrified of crossing such a busy road.
定语：The terrified girl ran home.
That must have been a terrifying experience for you.
6.bury-vt.埋葬put into the grave;掩藏hide away esp. in the ground
After the battle they buried the dead.
He buried his head ( face) in his hands.他用手捂住头（脸）。
7.at hand
1)在手边；在跟前
When he writes he always keeps a dictionary at hand.
I haven’t my book at hand, but I’ll show it to you later.
2)就要到来，不远了on the way; be upon sb.
around the corner (同just连用) 即将来临，在拐角处(Unit17SI)
The examinations are at hand/ on the way/ upon us..
Christmas is at hand./ upon us/ on the way
But changes were just around the corner.
by hand手工（做的）；送来的（不是寄来的）
My shoes were made by hand.
The note was delivered by hand.
from hand to hand 从一个人传到另一个人
give (lend) sb. a hand 帮一下忙
Could you lend me a hand with the parcel?
hand in hand
hands up
hands off不要碰；不要干预
on hand 手边（有。。）；手头（有事做）
I have no cash on hand to pay for the gas。
on the one hand…on the other一方面。。。另一方面
On the one hand I admired his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgment.
on the other hand (可是)另一方面
He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.
8.flee/ fled/ fled –vi. vt.(正式)逃跑；逃走
=escape from
=get away from
The frightened people fled from the fire.
Over the years, thousands of citizens fled to the neighboring countries.
The enemy fled in disorder.敌人溃逃。
He fled the kidnappers and phoned the police.
They all fled ( from ) the burning ship.
9.urge –vt. 敦促；恳求；强烈要求 beg or strongly persuade
urge sb. to do sth.
that do
n.
They urged us to go with them.
My mother urged me not to tell you anything about it.
He urged that they go to Europe.
She urged that he write and accept the post.
They urged prison reform.
n.-强烈的愿望（要求）[c]
an urge to do
She felt an/ the urge to hit him. 她感到一股冲动想揍他。
He a sudden urge to go to Italy.
10.arrival –n.到达；到来[u]
upon arrival 后跟表动态的名词或动名词，表“ 在。。。时；当发生。。。时
Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.
She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first steps.她看到孩子开始走路了，很开心。
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
On my arrival home, I was greeted by my parents.
as soon as one arrives
on arriving
链接：refusal/ survival
11.bath –n. an act of washing one’s whole body at one time
take/ have a bath
bathe/ bathed/ bathing vt. vi
He is bathing the baby.
12.immediately
at once
right away
instantly
without delay We must leave without delay.
in no time I’ll come back in no time.
In no time will I come back.
13.board –n.船舷；木板；边缘
on board 上船（火车；公共汽车；飞机等）in or on (a ship or public vehicle)
They got on board the train.他们上了火车。
She enjoys life on board ship.她在船上过得很愉快。
14.knock about接连的打击
knock about/ around 漫游（各地）
knock back狂饮，痛饮
knock sb./sth. down摧毁；拆除；推倒
Our house is being knocked down to make way for a new road.
knock off 1）停止做（某事，尤指工作）2）削价
knock out 使某人睡觉
knock into把。。。敲入；撞到某人身上
He walked in the dark and knocked into a man.
15.all of a sudden
all at once
suddenly
16.live through度过；经受住
He managed to live through two world wars.
live with 忍受；接受
I don’t enjoy the pain but I can live with it.
17.aloud-adv.
1)in a voice that may be heard出声；高声
The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud.
2)in a loud voice大声
The pain caused him to cry aloud.
loud-adv. in a loud way 大声地；喧闹地；响亮地
Try to sing louder.
adj. noisy; not quiet响亮的；高声的；吵闹的
loud music
a loud radio
loudly –adv.
18.swear –swore/ sworn
1) vi (at)use bad language咒骂；说脏话
Stop swearing in front of children.
2)vt. 发誓：cause to take an oath
I can tell you anything about it; I’ve been sworn to secrecy.
3)宣誓：promise formally or by an OATH
swear to do/ that
He swore to obey.
swear / take an oath 宣誓
Text:
1.frighten 使害怕
terrify
scare
alarm-We don’t wish to alarm the child.
make sb.’s hair stand使人惊吓得毛骨悚然
make one’s hair stand on end
panic-The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.
be afraid of / to do / that害怕
be frightened (to death) / of / to do / by / at / that
be scared (to death) / by / of / to do / that
be terrified by/ of / at
be fearful of / that
2….my mother drew my uncle’s attention to…我母亲让我叔叔注意
draw / attract (one’s) attention (to) (使某人)注意。。。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment rates.
I drew her attention to her dirty fingernails.
call ( one’s) attention (to) 引起某人注意某事
He called my attention to some new evidence.他促使我注意到某些新的证据。
Before I closed I must call your attention to a problem we have to face.
catch/ arrest one’s attention引起某人的注意
The bright light caught/ arrested the boy’s attention.明亮的灯光吸引了孩子的注意力。
pay attention to
He didn’t pay any close attention to the details.
devote attention to 关注；重视
Much attention has been devoted to the matter. 对于这个问题已经给予了足够的重视。
turn one’s attention to把注意力转向
His attention was turned to the pretty young girl.
focus/ center/ concentrate (one’s) attention on 把注意力集中在。。。
All his attention was focused on the stars.
bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意到谋事
I feel it my duty to bring to your attention the following facts.我感到要你注意下面这些事实是我的职责。
3.The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.。一看到这种情景，叔叔身上的科学精神被唤醒了，他要靠近火山去看个究竟。（拟人，sight唤醒 the scientist in my uncle常见
The study says there must be a complete overhaul of air traffic control system.研究表明必须对航空控制系统作全面，彻底的修正。
Dusk found him crying in the street.
4.way out (克服困难的)办法，出路
He was trying to think of a way out, but it was impossible to find one.它试图想出解决问题的办法，但不可能找到。
In fact, I’m sure that’s the only satisfactory way out. 我肯定那是唯一令人满意的办法。
5. at hand 在手边；在跟前
I haven’t the dictionary at hand, but I will show it to you later.
I want you to be at hand during my interview with the applicants.申请人面试时我希望你在跟前。
6.call for 要求；需要
The workers are calling for strike action.工人们要求罢工行动。
The work calls for endurance and patience.这工作需要耐力和耐心。
7.darker and more, the closer they went
The more… the more
The more you practice, the more perfect you will be. 你越练习就越熟练。
9.the other way 另一个方向；相反
He turned the other way when he saw the police coming.她看见警察后转向另一方向。
the other way around 相反地；从相反方向；用相反方式（Unit1SII）
Galileo’s observations show that Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
He thought it would be easier to go there than to come back, but it was just the other way.他以为去时用的时间比来时短，其实正相反。
right 径直地；立即地
The ship went right to the bottom. 轮船直沉江底。
He turned on the TV right after he came into the room.
10. a rain of 量词，表burning rocks 的量之多
a shower of rock
11. It was daylight now in other parts of the world, but there the darkness was darker and thicker than any night.
注意：night前没有other.这是因为it 指daytime而不是night.如指night,就不能少other.
12.Helped by two slaves he stood up, and immediately fell down dead.
He returned home, full of fear.
Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡的人民坚强，自豪，团结一致，他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。（当主语比较短时，常放句首）
Confident，selfless and honest, she is my good role model.她自信，无私，诚实，是我的楷模。
Capable and warm-hearted, she is always helping my grandma with the housework. 她能干而且热心，总是帮助我奶奶做家务。
He returned home, tired and hungry. (形容词说主语的状态，副词说谓语)
The old man went to bed slowly.
13. more A than B与其说 B，不如说 A
A rather than B与其说 B，不如说 A
Don’t be too hard on him. He is more misled than stupid. 不要对他太苛刻。与其说他傻倒不如说他是被误导了。
He is more an artist than a philosopher.
=He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
与其说他是位哲学家，不如说他是位艺术家。
It was what he meant rather than what he said.
14.You can pick out the important bits for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.你可以从中挑选重要的片断。写信跟写历史是两码事，写信是给朋友的，而书是为公众的写的。
It is one thing to do…, another to do…
。。。是一回事，。。。又是另一回事
It is one thing for you to stay here, another for me to ask you to stay here. 你要留下是一回事，我请你留下是另外一回事。
15There is some dirt weather knocking about.坏天气马上就要来了。
knock about 漫游，闲逛，接连打击，（浪等）冲击，碰撞
He’s knocked about in Africa for years.他在非洲漫游了好几年。
As a young man he suffered a lot from poverty, He used to knock about at the market, trying to find a job for a few coins.年轻时他很穷，经常在市场里闲逛，找些零活挣些小钱。
16.come on 开始
I can feel a cold coming on.
The movie comes on at eight o’clock.
17.incredible 不相信
unbelievable
unreliable
18．The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls, and found this little ship in its path. 飓风威力无比，它能沉掉船只，推倒墙，飓风一路风驰电掣来到小船前。
with its power to sink…walls 是定语，修饰hurricane
see, find 等动词的主语有时是物：
This old house has seen better days. 这些老房子曾有过风光的日子。
National Day found people singing and dancing happily in a street
parade.国庆节时人们在街上的游行队伍里高兴地唱啊跳啊。