【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．conclude vt. vi.得出结论，断定；结束；达成
What do you conclude from the facts?
We concluded an agreement with the enemy and soon made peace.
conclusion n.结论；结束；结尾；鉴定
come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
2．set down记下，写下
He tried to set his ideas down.
At the beginning of his letter Dan set down the date.
含set的短语：
set about着手做某事，set an example树立榜样，set aside放在一边搁置，set free释放，set off动身，出发，set out动身，出发，开始做……，set up竖起来，建立，set sail to/from/for…起航
3．fade vi.凋谢，褪色；（声音）变弱，vt.使褪色
Will the color in this material fade?
Sunlight faded my curtains.
The custom is fading.
4．inspect vt.检查，视察，察看 inspection n.
The detective inspected the room for fingerprints.
All food shops should be inspected regularly.
carry out frequent inspections进行经常性检查
inspector检查员，巡视员，视察员，督学
5．confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.
The government confirmed me in my possession of the land.
Can you confirm that you?ll be able to attend?
6．burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声
burst vi.爆裂，突然发作，n.爆裂（炸），裂口
My shopping bag burst as I was leaving the supermarket.
On hearing the news， she burst into tears.
相关表达：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑
burst into song/bloom/view/sight突然唱起歌来/开花/景观（奇观）突然出现
7．familiar adj.熟悉的；精通的；亲密的
sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物/人为某人所熟悉
sb. be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某物/与某人亲密
8．center on将某人（物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料；call on访问，号召；depend on取决于……，依……而定；feed on以……为食；fix one?s eyes on盯住……；go on继续；keep on坚持……；live on靠……生活；look on (sb as)看待（作）……
9．bring up教育，养育；提出，引出；呕吐
bring up the question提出问题
He was brought up by his uncle.
She brought up all the food she had eaten.
归纳：bring in获利，赚，引进；bring about带来，引起；bring down使……降低
二、词义辨析
1．place, station, situation, position, post与site
（1）place位置；是意思极广的惯熟用语。
（2）station位置；指事物被放置的场所。
（3）situation［英］位置；大体与position同义，指事物被放置的状态，转义而表示境遇、地位等，特指书记、教师、家仆等雇员的地位或位置。
如：
The hotel stands in a good situation.这旅馆位于一个很好的位置。
（4）position［美］位置；stuation指物的位置与其他物的关系，position指物自己的位置，不含比较。
如：
the position of a city on a map城市在地图上的位置
（5）post位置，职位；指负有一定职务的地位
（6）site位置；指建筑物、都会等的位置
2．such as, for example与namely
such as用于列举，往往不能事物全部列出。可以以“名词+such as+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现。
fox example用于举例说明，可以用于句首、句中、名末，往往用逗号隔开for example和被列举的事物。
namely用于列举，名词前使用具体数字说明，并把事物一一列出。
Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well瞜nown to all.
像鲁迅、巴金这样的作家是众所周知的。
I have never seen such a bright student as she/her.
我从未见过像她这样聪明的学生。
He is fluent in several foreign languages, for example, French and Spanish.
他精通几种外语，如：汉语、西班牙语。
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
惟独一人能够做这事，那就是你。
三、重点句型
1．Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
虽然这项记录令人难忘,但阿姆斯特朗与疾病抗争的故事比它更令人瞩目。
Impressive as the record is 是个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，相当于though引导的正常语序的状语从句。
如：
Tired as he was, he sat up late.（= Though he was tired, he sat up late.）
他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但他知道的事情很多。
2．He took possession of it in the name of the British Crown.
他以英国女王的名义占领了它。
（1）take/get/gain possession of 拿到，占有；占领
They took possession of the castle quickly
他们迅速占领了城堡
Possession n.拥有，占有；所有物，财产，领土
be in possession of拥有； be in the possession of (某物)为（某人）所有
（2）in the name of 以……的名义类似表达有：
under the name of 以……的名字，by name 名叫……, by the name of 名叫……的；以……之名，
如：
I only know her by name .我知道她的名字。
He goes by the name of Jack. 大家都叫他杰克。
She attended the lecture under the name of her sister.
她以她姐姐的名字参加了演讲。
3．…as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
…作为英国登山队的队员，是首次成功登上珠峰的人。
（1）不定式to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma作后置定语，修饰the first, 又如the last to leave。通常不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此不定式应用及物动词的主动形式，不及物动词要搭配相应介词。
如：
She refused to go to the ball because she had no jewellery to wear
她没有任何首饰可佩戴，因此拒绝参加舞会。
They had only a little room to live in
他们住在一间小屋子里。
（2）make it(口语)做成，成功；达到目的，设法安排。
-Can you catch the train ?
-I hope I can make it.
四、语法复习
1．主语
（一）主语的定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装结构中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
（二）主语的表现形式
主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
（1）名词
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。
Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.张教授是著名的科学家。
（2）代词
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
Who is the man standing over there?站在那里的那个人是谁？
（3）数词
One third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
Two times five is ten.2乘5等于10。
（4）不定式
To swim in the Lijang River is a great pleasure.在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
（5）动名词
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟对健康有害。
Playing football in the street is dangerous.在街上踢足球是危险的。
（6）名词化的形容词
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
In new China the old are living a happy life.在新中国，老年人正过着幸福的生活。
（7）从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们还没有决定什么时候举行英语测验。
Whether he?ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
（8）it作形式主语
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是有必要的。
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
It is a pity that he cannot swim.他不会游泳真遗憾。
2．谓语
（一）谓语的定义
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（二）谓语的构成
1．简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practises running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.昨天下午他到了桂林。
She takes good care of her sick mother.她仔细照料她那生病的母亲。
He has got rid of his bad habit.他已经改掉了他的坏习惯。
2．复合谓语
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading瞨oom.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒。他必须去看医生。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.她似乎不喜欢跳舞。
We are going to call on him tonight.我们打算今晚去拜访他。
（2）由系动词加表语构成
We are students.我们是学生。
He looked a bit excited.他看上去有点激动。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It’s ten years since the scientist ______ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A．made for B．set out C．took off D．turned up
[解析] B考查短语动词的辨析。set out on sth着手做某事，take off脱下（衣物），从……取下……，（飞机）起飞等，turn up出席，露面，make for为“可造成，可成为，有好处”的意思，本单元有make for。
[考例2] He accidentally ______ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A．let out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
[解析] A 考查动词词组。let out泄露，take care当心,make sure保证，make out认出，理解。
[考例3] _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
[解析] A 本题考查介词知识。选项中只有with可以跟复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，此句中two exams为宾语，不定式to worry about为宾语补足语。
[考例4] In ______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A．traditional B．historic C．remote D．initial
[解析] A traditional传统的，historic历史的，历史意义的，remote遥远的，长久的，initial原始的，最初的，只有A项满足句意。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Hold ______ (紧), the plane is to drive.
2．The storekeeper h ______ ten girls for the Christmas rush.
3．My salary is paid into my bank ______(帐户).
4．We are f______ by that film.
5．With your ______ (同意) we will take the first train.
6．He analysed the ______ (各种各样的) factors.
7．His information was ______(准确).
8．He gave me an apple in e______ for a cake.
9．I am p______ by his surprising attitude after hearing his words.
10． His ten years in America laid the ______(基础) of his career.
二、单项选择
1． I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into ______ when judging my examination.
A．regard B．account C．counting D．observation
2．The police _______ every object in the room for fingerprints.
A．insulted B． inspired C．inspected D．insulated
3．It is more difficult for a(n) ______ smoker to give up the habit than for a novice (新手，初学者) but it can be done.
A．abrupt B．confirmed C．beginning D．disciplined
4．He did not show any ______ for our new plans.
A．enthusiasm B．enthusiast C．enthusiastic D． enthusiastically
5．Mr Snow ______ $ 1000 for the horse, so I had to give up.
A． bid B．spend C．expended D．approached
6．He thought that ______ .
A． the effort doing the job was not worth
B．the effort was not worth in doing the job
C． it was not worth the effort doing the job
D． it was not worth the effort by doing the job
7．My money ______. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.
A．has run out B．is running out
C．has been run out D． is being run out
8．This regulation doesn’t ______ you, so don’t worry about it.
A．indicate B． appoint C．approve D． concern
9．It is impossible to say with any degree of ______ how many are affected.
A．reality B．accuracy C．exaction D．emergency
10．Many difficulties have ______ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A． risen B．arisen C． raised D．arrived
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien?s in Belleville 2 ll of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten Spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving Spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write, something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr Fledgc. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr Fledge returned the 15 papers. He said, “Now, class, I want to read you a composition, The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open瞙earted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
1． A．memory B．thought C．knowledge D．experience
2． A．when B．where C．since D．after
3． A． cooked B．served C．got D．made
4． A．their B．past C．last D．those
5． A．none B．one C．some D．neither
6． A．careful about B．good at C．fond of D．interested in
7． A．speeches B．lessons C．sayings D．arguments
8． A．nearly B．naturally C．officially D．socially
9． A．Especially B．Probably C．Suddenly D．Fortunately
10．A．settle B．put C．bite D．let
11．A．work B．story C．luck D．joy
12．A．However B．Therefore C．As for him D．Except for that
13．A．time B．excuse C．way D．idea
14．A．give up B．continue C． hand in D．delay
15．A．written B．graded C． collected D．signed
16． A．loud B．fast C． publicly D．calmly
17． A． People B． Nobody C． Somebody D．I
18． A．shock B．wonder C． worry D． pleasure
19． A．if B． for C．while D． although
20． A． excited B． satisfied C． think D． Laugh
参考答案
高三部分
Units 1-2 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．tight 2．hired 3．account 4．fascinated 5．permission 6．various
7．accurate 8．rxchange 9． puzzled 10．foundation
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 AABDA 6-10 BDDCB 11-15 DCACB 16-20 ACDBD
1． A“Spaghetti”这个词使他想起了以前吃面条的事，所以用memory。
2． A when引导定语从句，修饰前面的evening，意为“当时”。
3． B 那天晚上作者和其他一些亲属坐在桌边吃AuntPat所做的面条，此时的面条是端到餐桌上了，故用served。serve有“端上（饭菜）”之意。
4． D“在那个时候”或“在那些日子”用in those days。
5． A
6． B作者从未吃过意大利面条，而在座的成年人也都不擅长／没吃过，所以才有下文有关怎样吃意大利面条以及令人发笑的争论。
7． D上句提到没有吃意大利面条的经验，因而大家才会争论怎样吃，所以填arguments。
8． D吃东西的方式和举止要得体，要符合一定的社会文化，所以填socially。
9． C文章开头提到SPaghetti一词使作者想起过去的经历，填suddenly表思绪的突然过渡。
10．B
11．D“把……写下来／记下来”用“put sth．down”。写下这一经历自己欣赏和享用，故用“joy”。
12．C上文说自己要写吃意大利面条的经历，写下来自己留着享用，不给作文老师。作文是要交的，那么就写点别的给他吧。“As for him”可译为“至于他嘛”。
13．A写完那篇文章，到了半夜了(自己还要睡觉)，也就没有时间写准备上交的作文了。
14．C别无选择，只好“上交”(原本打算留给自己的)作品。“hand in”是“上交”的意思。上交了但作品还是自己的，故不算放弃。不选A。B和D离题较远。
15． B老师把作文收上去，过了两天发下来，那么这两天老师把作文批改，给分(或定个等级)，作文也就是“被给过等级”的作文了。
16． A老师极为欣赏作者的作文，所以把它朗读给全班，故选A。C项有干扰性，但“publicly”与“to the whole class”重复，不可选。
17．C因故事有趣，有人先笑了，接着全班都开怀大笑。
18．D自己的作文得到老师和同学们的欣赏，自然高兴，但不能显露自己的得意，所以填pleasure。
19．B虽尽量不显示自己的得意，但心中还是充满了快乐，因为自己的作品能使人开怀一笑。所以填for，是表原因的并列连词。
20．D从全文可知，使人发出笑声，而不是使人兴奋/满意/思考。排除其他选项。