【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．prefer的用法小结：
（1）prefer常与介词to连用，意思是“更喜欢；宁愿”，表示取前者舍后者。例如：
Little Tom prefers coffee to tea. 小汤姆喜欢咖啡胜过茶。
He preferred swimming to skating. 他喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。
（2）prefer后面接不定式时常与rather than 或者instead of连用，意思是“宁愿做某事而不做某事”，rather than后面的不定式可以加to，也可以省略。例如：
He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. 或者 He preferred to die instead of stealing.
他宁愿死也不愿意去偷窃。
I prefer to work rather than （to） sit idle. 我宁愿工作而不喜欢闲坐。
2．consider的用法小结：
（1）consider可以表示“考虑；思考”的意思。后面可以接名词或者动词的-ing形式。例如：
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。
The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy.
法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。
（2）consider还可以表示“认为；以为”的意思，常用于以下结构：
consider somebody / something to be / to have done …
consider + n. + adj.
consider + it + adj. / n. (+ to do / that clause)
consider + that clause
I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。
He is considered to have broken the window. 有人认为是他打碎了窗子。
We all consider him loyal to friends. 我们都认为他对朋友忠诚。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我认为今天下午天不会转晴。
（3）习惯用法：
all things considered: 全面地考虑。在句中作状语，用于概括或者总结。
All things considered, our old car is no good, so we should buy a new one now.
总的来说，我们的旧车已经没有用了，我们现在应该买辆新的。
（4）considering：表示“鉴于，考虑到，顾及”的意思。例如：
Considering how sick he is, he should go to see the doctor.
鉴于他病得那样厉害，他应该去看医生。
3．The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.
英语中表示倍数的三种常用表达方式：
（1）A is three(four, etc.) times bigger(higher, longer, wider, etc.) than B. 意思是：A比B 大（高、长、宽等）三（四…）倍。例如：
Their classroom is three times bigger than ours.
他们的课室比我们的大三倍（是我们课室的四倍）。
The Pearl River is five times longer than this one.
珠江比这条河长五倍（是这条河的六倍）。
（2）A is three(four, etc.) times as big(high, long, wide, etc.) as B. 意思是“A的大小（高度，长度，宽度等）是B的三（四）倍”。例如：
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
He is twice as tall as an ordinary man.
他的高度是一个普通人的两倍。
（3）A is three(four, etc) times the size(height, length, width, etc.) of B. 意思是“A的大小（高度、长度、宽度等是B的三（四）倍”。例如：
The new building is four times the size of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大。
This tree is twice the height of that one. 这棵树是那棵树的两倍。
二、词义辨析
1．one 、the one 、that 、it的区别：
（1）one用来代替前面提到的名词，既可以指人由可以指物。用于泛指，相当于a/an+名词，复数形式为ones。
例如：
I am looking for a house and I like one with a garden.
我正在找房子，我喜欢一幢带有花园的房子。
I can’t find my hat. I think I must buy one.
我的帽子找不到了。我想我必须再买一顶了。
There is a young man and some old ones in the house.
这座房子里有一个年轻人和几个老人。
（2）the one：用来代替同类事物中特指的另一个。例如：
I like the recorder better than the one I bought last year.
与去年我买的那个录音机相比，我更喜欢这一个。（这时，the one 和that可以互换）
（3）that表示与前面所指的名词为同类，但不是同一个；而it所指的名词为同一个。That既可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。例如：
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.
中国的人口比世界上任何国家的都要多。
I have a very good TV set. It is very large and beautiful.
2．take place, happen 与break out的区别：
这三个词都是“发生”的意思，而且都没有被动语态。
（1）happen表示“（偶然）发生”，或者“碰巧做某事”，强调事情的偶然性。
例如：
That accident happened at the corner.
那场事故发生在拐角处。
I happened to meet him in the street.？
=It happened that I met him in the street.
我偶然在街上遇到他。
（2）take place指“发生”，可以是有计划地安排，也可以是无计划或者安排。例如：
When will the ceremony take place? 仪式什么时候举行？
A strong earthquake took place. 一场地震发生了
（3）break out指“（火灾、战争等）突然发生、爆发”。例如：
The war broke out between the north and the south. 南北战争爆发了。
Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.
昨晚附近发生了火灾。
三、重点句型
1．Where would you prefer going?
I would prefer to do something.
I prefer to do something rather than do something.
这是动词prefer的几个常用结构，在使用时要把每一个搭配分清楚。
2．Is anybody seeing you off?
这是一个现在进行时态表示将来的句型。值得注意的是并非所有动词都可以用此结构，常用此结构的动词有：come, go , leave, start, return, see, stay等等。
3．Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
此句中的before意思是“还没有来得及…就…”，要注意before的中文翻译。
再如：
Before I could get up from my bed, the general gave me a telephone call and told me to start at once.
4．It didn’t take long before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.
此句中的before意思是“不久以后就…”；如果用肯定句，before的意思就会有大的变化。
例如：
It will take long before we can get the key.
我们还要过很久才能拿到钥匙。（before的意思是“要多长时间以后才…”）
四、语法复习
（一）现在进行时的用法小结：
1．现在进行时的基本用法：
（1）表示说话人说话时 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
我们正在等你。
（2）表示习惯性的进行，即表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. White is writing his new book.
怀特先生正在写他的新书。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
（3）表示动作的渐变。常可以用此用法的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning green. 树叶正在变成绿色。
（4）现在进行时 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
你总是变来变去的（拿不定主意）。
He is always bothering me. 他老是打扰我。
（5）某些动词的现在进行时形式可以用来表示将来，意思是："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用来指人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
They are starting to learn English tomorrow.
他们明天将开始学习英语。
（一）定语从句复习 第一部分：
1．定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中起定语的作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时还可以修饰整个主句。被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词所代替的先行词是代表人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
（1）who, whom, that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（2） whose 既可以指人又可以指物，只用作定语；若指物，它还可以同of which互换。
例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那个人的汽车坏了，他们都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is red.
请递给我那本红皮的书。
（3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is very heavy. 你拿的包很重。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2．关系代词不能用that的情况 ：
（1） 在引导非限定性定语从句时。指人只能用who/whom/whose，指物只能用which/whose。例如：
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
这棵树在这里很出名，它已经有400年树龄了。
The story, which my brother told yesterday, is very interesting.
我弟弟昨天讲的那个故事很有趣。
（2） 介词后不能用that，指人只能用whom/whose，指物只能用which/whose。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
我们依靠土地来收获粮食。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. （当介词在句末时，that和which可以互换）
3．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
（1）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
Long long ago, there was a small village that was located at the foot of a mountain.
很久以前，有一个小小的村子坐落在山脚下。
（2）不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词的时候，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
（3）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
The book is the only one that I can find in my house.
这本书是我在家里能够找到的唯一的书。
（4）先行词中含有序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
This is the best food that we can give you.
这是我们能给你们提供的最好的食物了。
This is the second time that I have told you to go away.
这已经是我第二次让你们走开了。
（5）先行词既有指人的词，又有指物的词时。
We talked about the things and persons that we remembered at that time.
我们谈论了那时我们能够记起的人和事。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 考查 like与imagine的搭配。
[考例1] The boy likes ___________ himself a flyer and he is always imagining _________ on the moon.
A． to imagine, to be B． imagining, to being
C．to imagine, being D．imagine, being
[解析] Ｃ like 既可以接一个动词不定式表示一个具体的动作，也可以接动名词，表示一个一般性的动作；但是imagine后只能接动名词，不能接不定式。所以答案为C。
[考点] 考查动词时态的用法。
[考例2] My dictionary ________, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______ it.
A．has lost, don't find
B．is missing, don't find
C．has lost, haven't found
D．Ahas lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find is missing, haven't found.
[解析]Ｄ前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时态；由于至今还没有找到，其影响仍然存在，因此第二句应用完成时，瞬间动词的否定式形式可用于完成时。
[拓展] 注意：表示“某物丢失”时，有以下几种表达方式：
My dictionary is missing/lost/gone.
[考点] 此题考查定语从句的用法。
[考例3] Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________came as a surprise.
A．it B．that C．which D．he
[解析]Ｃ此句为非限定性定语从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后面的句子成为独立的分句，两个独立的分句不能单以逗号连接。且选he句意不通。
[考点] 此题考查条件状语从句的时态。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．During the summer v____________, we went to the beach to have some leisure(休闲).
2． The poor old man was bitten by a p_________ snake and soon died.
3． She met with many difficulties during her a_____________ to the South Pole.
4． Seeing the famous film star was an u______________ experience for me.
5．She was so thirsty that she s________ a whole bottle of milk.
6． We _________ （认为） that the man standing there is his elder brother.
7． The two principal political parties have ___________(联合)to form a government.
8. The floods were a _________(灾难) in many parts of the world.
9．90% of the houses in that area were _________(毁掉) in the earthquake.
10．I'll have another ____________(机会) to visit the exhibition next year.
二、单项填空：
1．The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect.
A． what B． which C．that D． it
2． It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A． that B． which C． as D． it
3．Several weeks had gone by ___________ I realized the painting was missing.
A． as B． before C． since D． when
4． _________ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.
A．Though B．Whether C．Until D． Unless
5．The flowers _________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A．to smell B．smelling C．smell D．to be smelt
6．Now that she is out of work, Lucy _________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A．had considered B．has been considering
C．considered D．is going to consider
7．Alice returned from the manager’s office, _________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A．having told B．tells C．to tell D．telling
8．My holiday wasn’t of much ________ to me.
A．service B．experience C．benefit D．tip
9. Was it __________ she said or something that she did ________ you were angry at so much?
A．what, that B．that, which C．that, what D．what, which
10．If there were no hungry problem, the people of the world should have ______ in their daily life.
A．a much happier time B．a more happier time
C．the happier time D．much happiest time
【能力拓展】
阅读理解：
A lawyer friend of mine has devoted herself to the service of humanity. Her special area is “public interest law”.
Many other lawyers serve only clients who can pay high fees. All lawyers have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they get. But what happens to people who need legal help and cannot pay these lawyers’ fees?
Public interest lawyers fill this need. Patricia, like other public interest lawyers, gets less money than some lawyers. Because she is willing to take less money, her clients have the help they need, even if they can pay nothing at all.
Some clients need legal help because stores have heated them with bad goods. Others are in unsafe houses. Their cases are called “civil” cases. Still others are criminals(刑事犯罪), and they go to those public interest lawyers who are in charge of “criminal” cases.
These are just a few of the many situations in which the men and women who are publie interest lawyers serve to extend justice(伸张正义) throughout our society.
1．A person who needs and uses legal help is called a _________.
A． lawyer B．client C．citizen D．judge
2. Public interest lawyers serve ___________.
A．the public only B．only stores and houses
C．people who can pay high fees D．people who can pay little or nothing
3．If only the rich could be helped by lawyers, the justice system would be ________.
A．nothing but cheating B．modern
C．fair and reasonable D．in need of no changes
4．Public interest law includes __________.
A．civil cases only B．criminal cases only
C．criminal and civil cases D．wealthy clients’ cases
5．Which of the following is NOT a matter for a civil case?
A．A tenant is turned out from a house.
B． A landlord refuses to fix a dangerous house.
C． A thief is caught by the policemen.
D．A store sells a radio which doesn’t work
参考答案
高一部分
Units 3-4 (B1)
基础演练
一、1．vacation 2．poisonous 3．adventure 4．unforgettable 5．swallowed 6．consider 7．combined 8．disaster 9．destroyed 10．opportunity
二、1-5 BBBDB 6-10 BDCAA
能力拓展
1-5 BDACC
1．B 根据第二段第一句可知，许多律师只为那些提供高额费用的client服务，由此判断出其意思。
2．D 这是一个段落大意理解题。根据第三段可得出此答案。
3．A 这是一个判断题，要求根据自己的常识去判断这句话的意思。其意思是“如果只有有钱人才能得到律师的帮助，那么这种公平制度就是骗人的了。
4．C 见文章第四段，需要帮助的案件被分成两种，即一种是所谓的civil cases，另一种是criminals。
5．C 根据第四段的内容和常识，小偷被警察抓住属于criminals，因此此选项符合题意的要求。