【知识网络】
一、 重点词汇与短语
1．way: 在表示“方式，方法”的意思时，要注意其搭配：
way of doing something
way (for somebody) to do something
in this way=by this means
by the way：顺便说说；顺便提起
way of life：生活方式
to my way of thinking：依我看来
Some women like the older ways of doing things.
有些女性喜欢处理事务的老办法。
Can you suggest a good way for us to ask people to send us the money, and let us buy the gift when we get to the mainland?
您能不能给我们建议一个好办法,让我们请大家送钱给我们,然后让我们在回到大陆时再购买礼物?
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.
压力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,无法逃避。
In this way, Americans 'send their climates' to people in other states.
这样美国人把'本地的气候'传送给其它州的人。
In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
就这样,他开始了自己的私人'电话'业务。
Each successful manager has a way of his own in bringing his views to bear.
每一个成功的经理都有他自己独特的方式使别人接受他的意见。
By the way, what happened to the money?
顺便问一句，那笔钱后来怎么样了？
2．likely可以用作形容词，意思是“ 预期的，可能的”。常用于下列句型：
It is likely that somebody does/do something
Somebody is/are likely to do something
It is very likely that she will ring me tonight.
今晚她很可能给我打电话。
She is very likely to ring me tonight.
It isn’t likely to rain tomorrow.
明天不大可能下雨。
Note: 许多同学认为以-ly结尾的是副词，其实这是一个误区。如果一个形容词后加-ly，那么常常是一个副词，但是如果在名词后加上-ly，那往往是一个形容词。
例如：
lovely, friendly, manly, comradely 等都是名词加上-ly后变成的形容词。
那个骗子擅长骗人。
3．examine的用法小结：
（1）examine 作及物动词，意思是“检查；细看”。例如：
All the machines will be examined.
所有机器都将检查一遍。
"Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass."
"昨天,消防队员们仔细地检查了地面,但未能找到任何碎玻璃。"
（2）examine还有“对…进行考试”的意思，此时常在表示测试科目名词前加介词in或on。
例如：
He examined the boys in English.
他考孩子们的英语。
The teacher will examine the class on everything they have learnt this year.
教师要考学生今年学过的所有知识。
（3）examine还可以表示“询问；查问；对…进行审查”。例如：
He was examined by the police.
他被警察查问。
（4）同义词：test vt. 测试 quiz：n. 测验
二、词义辨析
1．for example, for instance, such as, like
（1）for example用来举例说明。为句中插入语，其前后需用逗号隔开。它可用于句首、句中或句末。
Fox example, liquid has no definite shape.
例如，液体没有固定的形状。
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.
例如，噪音是一种污染。
Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln and Edison, for example.
许多伟人是从贫困中崛起的-比如林肯和爱迪生。
（2）such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。such as后切不可用逗号，
如：
Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
Note: 使用such as来举例子，只能举其中一部分，不能全部举出。若全部举出，要改用namely或者that is to say(意为：即)。
如：
He knows four languages, namely(=that is to say) Chinese, English, Russian and French.
他精通四门语言，即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。
（3）like也常用来举例，可与such as互换。
如：
Some cold-blooded animals, like(=such as) the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate.
such as 用于举例时可以分开使用，这是不能与like互换。
Such people as you described just now are very common these days.
像你刚才描述的那种人这些日子很常见。
（4）for instance经常与for example互换。
如：
There are occupations (which are) more dangerous than truck driving; for instance (for example), training tigers. 比开卡车危险的职业还是有的，比如说驯老虎。
2．opportunity ，occasion与chance的区别：
opportunity, occasion, chance这组词的一般含义是“时机”或“机会”。不管在口语中或者在文学作品中，这几个都是常用的词。
（1）opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。常与动词have, get, find, create, take, miss等连用。
例如：
They are waiting for an opportunity to take action：他们正在伺机而动
to avail oneself of the opportunity to say a few words：借此机会说几句话
I took the opportunity of visiting my aunt while I was in Shanghai.
我利用在上海的机会探望了我的姑姑。
Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
或许这两种想象中都有一定的真实成分，但是我们中很少有人有机会去发现它。
（2）occasion含有opportunity所能表达的这样一层意思：某时机能激发或唤起某人的某种行为，
如：
在“必要时”一语中便包含着激发某行为的时刻，此语可译为When occasion demands…；“这不是哭泣的时候。”这句话可译为It's no occasion for crying。在to have no occasion to do…固定词组中，occasion之所以能够引申为reason或cause的含义，也是与occasion的上述基本词义有关的。
再如：
This sort of thing is usual on occasions like this. 这类事情在这种场合是常见的。
This is not an occasion for laughter.
这不是笑的时候。（指不适合于笑，或不是笑的场合。）
（3）chance表示幸运或偶然的时机，还可以指可能性的程度。
例如：
What are your chances of being promoted?你升职的可能性有多大？
N o one discovers a rarity by chance. 侥幸发现一件珍品的人是没有的。
三、重点句型
1．-What’s the matter?
-I’ve got a pain here.
询问某人身体如何，除了用以上的表达方式，还可以用“What’s wrong with you?”。其中，wrong是形容词，而例句中的the matter为名词。在口语中都是很常用的。
例如：
--What’s wrong with you? （你怎么了？）
--I’ve had a bad headache ever since this morning. (自从今天早晨我的头就很痛。)
2．A healthy diet should include a variety of food, most of which should be rich in nutrients.
此句中的most of which引导非限定性定语从句，这是考试中常考的一类题目。
再如：
There are all kinds of trees in the forest, most of which are tall ones.
There are all kinds of trees in the forest, and most of them are tall ones.
森林里有各种各样的树木，它们中大部分是很高的树。
以上两句的意思基本相同，但是要注意：第一句是most of which引导非限制性定语从句，而第二句为and引导的并列句。做题时，关键要分析句子的结构，尤其是有关连词的问题。
3．Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
only置于句首而且修饰状语时，句子用倒装语序；但是，如果only在句首修饰主语，那就用陈述语序。
例如：
Only people with tickets can go into the cinema. 只有那些有票的人才可以进电影院。
Only by the end of last month had they finished the difficult task.
只是到了上个月的月底他们才完成了那项困难的任务。
四、语法复习
情态动词had better, should, ought to,常被用来表示：义务、责任和规劝。
1．had better(提示：无人称的变化，不可用has/have替换它们；不用于第一人称。)意思是“最好”，后面跟动词原形，即had better do something；否定式是had better not do something。
如：
You’d better wait outside.
你最好在外面等着。
You’d better not stand in the street. There comes a car.
你最好别站在街上。来车了。
2．should用作情态动词时，各种人称单、复数通用。主要用法有：
（1）表示“义务、责任”，译为“应该”，
例如：
You should tell the students to respect their parents. 你应该告诉学生尊敬父母。
This is an important point that we should remember. 这是我们应该记住的要点。
（2）表示“可能性、推测或理论”，常翻译成汉语的“可能…，该…”。
例如：
They should be there by tomorrow, I think. 我想他们明天该到那儿。
It’s already three o’clock, the football game should begin soon.
已经三点钟了，足球比赛不久就该开始了。
（3）说话人在提出意见、建议、请求时，可用should表示委婉、谦逊的语气，有时相当于“可、倒是；想”等。
例如：
I should say it would be better to ask him about it again.
关于这件事我看最好再问他一下。（提出意见）
I should think so. 我也是这么想的。
（4）表“吃惊”。
例如：
I’m surprised that you should have been late.
你居然迟到了，真让我吃惊。
We are surprised that they should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
他们竟然被这么个简单的诡计所愚弄，真让我们吃惊。
3．ought to
ought to无人称和时态变化，只有ought to一种形式，后面跟动词原形，表示“有义务或责任”做某事，语气比should强，表示客观上应该做某事，也可表示“劝告”。否定式为ought not to
如：
You ought to obey your parents.
你应该听父母的话。
I knew that I ought not to tell him about it, so I didn’t.我知道我不该告诉他这件事，所以我没有告诉他。
Note：“should(ought to)+不定式一般式”用来谈论现在和将来“应该…”，若谈论过去“应该…”要用should(ought to)+不定式的完成式，即should/ought to have done。其否定式表示“过去不应做但做了”。
例如：
I should/ought to have done such a thing.
我本应该做这件事的。(却没有做)
You should not/ought not to have gone back to work without the doctor’s permission.
你不应该未经医生许可就去工作。（你却回去工作了）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 考查情态动词的用法区别。
[考例1] According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver’s licence ______ take an eye test. (NMET2005年春季上海，29)
A．can B．must C．would D．may
[解析] Ｂ must根据句意，此处意思是“必须”，要获得驾驶执照必须进行视力测试。can为“能够”；would为“愿意”；may为“可以”。
[考点] 考查情态动词的意义区别。
[考例2] I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ________ report it to the police? (NMET2004年全国卷I, 21)
A．should B．may C．will D．can
[解析] Ａ should表示“应该”。因为经常看见那座空房子里有灯光，所以征求对方的意见是否应该向警察报告。
[考点] 考查“should + have + done”的用法。
[考例3] Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t turn up. (NMET2004全国卷，27)
A．should have arrived B．should arrive
C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving
[解析] Ａ 此句所使用的是“should + have + 过去分词”结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。所提供的场景是but he didn’t turn up，说明他本来应该8：30来开会，但没有来。再如：
You should have done your homework by yourself.
你本来该独立完成作业。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Young people usually have more ______(精力) than the old.
2．You have to _______（权衡） the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages.
3．This drink is a m_______ of three different sorts.
4．A c________ change takes place in any substance when it burns.
5．The ________(作用) of an adjective is to describe or add to the meaning of a noun.
6．The Olympic Games begin with a _______（行进） of all the competing nations.
7．Two parties may have _______(冲突) of ideas or goals.
8．An a________ is a disagreement or problem between two people in which they use words to fight.
9． c________ college teaches things that would be useful in business.
10．Usually people don't _______(尊敬) those who are too compliant.
二、单项填空：
1．On a cold winter night, I ______ spend an evening watching TV.
A．have to can B．have to be able C．have be able to D．have to be able to
2．"May I sit here?" "No, you _______."
A．must B．had better C．mustn't D．needn't
3． --"Why is he late?"
--"He _____ the bus."
A．must miss B．had to miss
C．should have missed D．must have missed
4．We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. He ______ it.
A．mustn't attend B．can't have attended
C．would have not attend D．needed have attended
5．The policeman told the pupil, "You _____ play football in the street."
A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．shouldn't
6．--"What has happened to Peter?"
--"I don't know. He _____ lost."
A．can't have got B．might have got C．might get D．can got
7．You _____ allowed the child to go alone.
A．mustn't have B．had not have to C．ought not to D．ought not to have
8．He says you ______ have his bike if you don't take good care of it.
A． shan't B．won't C．mustn't D．needn't
9．--"Are you still going to England for your holiday?"
--"Yes, but I really _____ because I don't have much money."
A． can't B．won't C．shouldn't D．mustn't
10．–I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You ______her last week. (NMET 2004年福建，32)
A．ought to tell B． would have told
C．must tell D．should have told
【能力拓展】
阅读理解：
It was one of the hottest August days, the fourth, and at twelve o’clock exactly, for a church clock was striking the hour, that a short, heavily built woman of about fifty, carrying a shopping bag, came out from the darkness of an old storehouse where she worked every morning as a checker, and set off along the narrow gray street to a bus stop. Most of the factories and offices in the town were closed for two weeks but the storehouse, which held foodstuffs(食品) and other goods, had remained open during the holidays. The heat, made worse by the heavy smell of petrol from the main street nearby and undisturbed by the slightest current(气流) of cooler air, surrounded her. She was neither dressed nor built for energetic activity on a hot day, being very short indeed, and fat, so that she had to roll a little in order to get along. Her shoes made loud footsteps in the silence of the empty street of closed buildings. The worn old bag she carried caused her to lean over slightly to her right as she walked, but it was clear that she was used to carrying such heavy weights.
Reaching her usual stop, she put down her bag and rested. Then, suddenly realizing being watched, she turned quickly round and looked sharply upward at the tall man behind her.
He was the only other person waiting, and indeed, at that moment, the only other person in the street. She had never spoken to him, yet his face was already familiar to her. She had seen it yesterday, the day before yesterday, and for all she knew, the day before that as well. For the last three or four days anyway, this great nervous lump of a man, waiting for a bus or hanging about on the footpath outside the storehouse, had become a figure of the street for her; and what was more, a figure of a certain definite（明确的） type, though she had yet to put her finger on exactly which type it was. More than once, she had felt his interest in her and she had wondered whether he was a policeman.
1．There were so few people out in this particular street. It was probably mainly because ________.
A．most workers were on holiday
B．it was too hot to be outside at midday
C．the lunch-time break had not yet started
D．very few people lived in the area now
2．From the passage we can know _________________.
A．the woman was fond of dressing up
B．something was wrong with the woman’s right leg
C．almost all the shops were closed except the store house
D．the woman had to walk fast as she was busy
3．The woman turned around at the bus stop because _____________.
A．she heard someone coming B．she thought the bus was coming
C．she thought of her heavy bag D．she felt someone looking at her
4．The underlined phrase “hanging about” in the 3nd paragraph means ___________.
A．thinking about B．walking around
C．looking around D．running about
5．The woman recognized the man by the bus stop because _______________.
A．he was the local policeman
B．he traveled on the bus quite regularly
C．he had been near the store house before
D．he was interested in her
参考答案
高一部分
Units 13-14 (B1)
基础演练
一、1．energy 2．balance 3．mixture 4．chemical 5．function 6．parade 7．conflict 8．argument 9．commercial 10．respect
二、1-5 DCDBA 6-10 BDACD
能力拓展
1-5 BCDBC
1．B 文章第一段第三、四句话为答案依据。
2．C文章第一段第二句话为答案依据。“Most of the factories and offices in the town were closed for two weeks but the storehouse, which held foodstuffs(食品) and other goods, had remained open during the holidays.”
3．D 文章第二段第二句话为答案依据。“suddenly realizing being watched, she turned quickly round and looked sharply upward at the tall man behind her”。
4．B 等车时动作肯定是走来走去，故选walking around。
5．C文章第三段第三、四、五句话。