【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．接双宾语的动词
（1）常见的能接双宾语的动词有:accord, advance, award, bring, deal, forward, give, grant, band, lease, leave, lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, read, rent, repay, sell, send, serve, show, sing, take, reach, tell, write.
（2）另有一批动词, 也可跟两个宾语, 但把间接宾语放在后面时, 要改为由for引导的短语.
例如:
Father bought me a camera. (跟两个宾语)
Father bought a camera for me. (包含for引导的短语)
这类动词常见的有:book, bring, build, buy, cook, cut, design, fetch, find, fix, get, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, prepare, reserve, save, set, sing, spare.
2．常见的与hand连用的短语:
an old hand内行, 过来人
at first hand直接
at hand在手边, 在附近
at second hand第二手的, 间接的
by hand用手, 用体力
hand in hand手拉手
on the one hand一方面
on the other hand另一方面
Hands off! 请勿动手!
Hands up! 不许动, 举起手来!
from hand to mouth现挣现吃地, 仅够糊口地
give sb. a big hand 给某人热烈鼓掌
Many hands make light work. 人多好办事/人多力量大
3．学会用时间“time”
time一词很普通，是常挂在嘴边的词, 试试翻译下列口语中常用的句子：
1．What’s the time?
2．(How) Time flies!
3．Take your time!
4． (Only) Time will tell.
Keys: 1. 现在几点？ 2. 时间过得真快！ 3. 别着急！（慢慢来!） 4. 时间会说明一切。
time一词构成很多固定搭配，你知道它们的意义吗？
in time 及时，迟早
in no time 立刻，马上
on time 准时，正点
all the time 一直，始终
time and again 一次又一次地，反复地（也说：time after time）
at one time （过去）曾经，一度
at a time 一次，每次
at the time 当时，那时候
at times 有时候（sometimes）
for the time being 目前，暂时
keep up with the times 跟上潮流，不落后于时代
二、词义辨析
1．gentle; mild; soft的区别
这组词都表示 “温和的”. 其区别是:
（1）用于人时, gentle指 “举动温和”,侧重出于自我克制或对对方的体贴; mild侧重出于性格温柔; soft指 “心肠软, 言语婉转”.
例如:
The boy has gentle spirit.
那男孩举止文雅
I think the courts are too soft with these young offenders.
我认为法院对这些犯法的年轻人太宽厚了.
（2）用于物时, gentle可指事物运动变化的缓和; mild指适度, 祥和, 给人愉快的感觉; soft可指物质的表面柔软,光滑或声音的温和,低小等.
例如:
A warm, gentle breeze was coming from the sea.
海面吹来一阵柔和的暖风.
His eyes were no longer mild but glittered with a suppressed fury.
他的目光不再温和, 而是迸射出压抑的怒火.
2．certain; sure的区别
（1） sure强调主观上, 心理上所信赖的事情, 含有自信, 有把握等含义. 该词还可作礼貌用语, 表示某事有可能但不太确定.
例如:
I’m dead sure.
我绝对肯定
You may be sure about his honesty.
你可以确信他是诚实的
I am sure of his living to 70.
我确信他可以活到70岁
Make sure of your facts before you accuse him.
在你控诉他之前要事先确定事实
Do you feel sure about it?
你对此有把握吗?
It is possible that he did so, but I am almost sure that he did not.
他有可能这么做, 但我几乎可以肯定他没有这么做.
（2）certain强调无可争辩的, 有肯定的理由和不容置疑的证据. 语气上强于sure.
例如：
It is certain to happen.
这是一定要发生的
He is certain of their loyalty.
他对他们的忠心没有疑问
The evidence is certain.
证据确凿
I think the train leaves at 8 o’clock but you ought to make certain.
我想火车是8点钟开, 但你还是应该确认一下.
One thing was certain: the movement would never accept a man with primarily left-wing views as Party leader.
有一件事是确定的: 那就是这次运动绝不会接受持左翼观点的人做党的领袖.
三、重点句型
1．You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. 你倒不如站在海滩上和大海争论.
may/might as well do sth.是固定句式, 意为 “还是做某事为好; 不如去做某事”, 用于提供建议或要求.
如:
You may as well repeat the experiment.
2．It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 试图与夏洛克争论是没用的.
it is useless或it is (of) no use后常接动名词作真正的主语. 如:
It is no use your running away.
3．You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted! 你刚才要的是公正, 所以你会得到公正, 比你要的还要公正.
shall在此作情态动词, 与第二人称连用, 表示许诺. 如:
You shall have the money as soon as I get it.
4．Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. 在它们的旁边放着一块垫东西的石头, 这个人有可能在上面锻造金属.
本句用了全部倒装结构. Next to them是介词短语作地点状语, lay是不及物动词, a cushion stone是名词作主语, 这些都是全部倒装结构的必要条件.
如:
On the stage sits a professor.
upon which引出一个非限制性定语从句.
如:
I saw a table in the corner, upon which lay a pile of books.
work此处用作及物动词, 意为 “(用手)制造或加工”.
如:
The farmer is working the soil.
四、语法复习
Review the use of “It”
一、代词
1．it的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物.
如:
A: Pass me a blue pen. B: Here it is.
2．it, that, one, the one, the ones用于指代用法时的区别:
it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they); one指代上文提及的, 泛指的可数名词单数(复数ones); that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词(复数those), the ones相当于these, those.
3．指代不明身份或性别的人也用it; 指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可以用she/he.
A: Who’s it (knocking at the door)?
B: It’s me.
The crowd moves on. No one tries to stop it.
My car needs some more petrol. Let’s fill her up.
二、虚义it:
虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语, 如表示时间, 天气, 距离, 温度等概念的用法.
When spring comes, it is getting warmer and warmer.
It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing.
It is only about half an hour’s ride from here to my home.
It looks as if the college is very small.
It seemed as though our plan would be perfect.
三、形式it:
由于句法结构的需要, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语后置.
1．形式主语:不定式, 动名词以及主语从句作主语时, 为避免 “头重脚轻”, 要将真正的主语后置.
It is/was difficult (easy, hard, important, necessary, useful, fit, possible, a pity, a pleasure…) (for sb.) to do sth.;
1). It is/was kind (nice, wise, clever…) (of ab,) to do sth.;
比较:Sb. is/was angry (ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, thankful…) to do sth.;
2). It is better (interesting, tiring, enjoyable, funny, fun, a bore, a waste of time…) doing sth.;
3). It is clear (plain, true, certain, sure, obvious…) that clause +陈述语气;
4). It is important (necessary, strange, a pity…) +that clause +(should) do;
5). It is a suggestion (my with) +that clause +(should) do;
6) It is ordered +that clause+(should) do;
7). Ii is high/very time that we should have lunch/had lunch here.
It is the first/last time that we have had lunch here (just).
It is the third time that we shall have lunch here (in a moment).
2．形式宾语: 当不定式, 动名词, that从句作宾语, 又有自己的宾语补语时, 要用it作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语后置. 能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take等.
如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day.
The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat.
We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English.
四、强调it: 为了强调句子中的某一处, 可以用 “It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他 的句型.
如:
I met an old friend in the street last week.-
It was I who met an old friend in the street last week. (强调主语)
It was an old friend that I met in the street last week. (强调宾语)
It was in the street that I met an old friend last week. 强调地点状语)
It was last week that I met an old friend in the street. (强调时间状语)
注意: 一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用where.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 多个形容词修辞同一名词时的顺序。
[考例1] This _______ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A． pretty little Spanish B． Spanish little girl
C．Spanish pretty little D． little pretty Spanish
[点拨] 选A。多个形容词修辞同一名词时有一定的顺序。下面一句话能帮助我们记住这一顺序：“县（限定词）官（外观、大小）行（形状）令（年龄、新旧）宴（颜色）国（国籍）才（材料、用途）”。
[考点] 冠词的用法。
[考例2] After dinner he gave Mr. Richard ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport.
A．the; a B．a; the C．不填; a D．不填; the
[点拨] 选B。ride前用不定冠词a 表泛指；Capital Airport是专有名词，其前要用定冠词the。
[考点] 现在进行时态表示现在或包括 “说话时刻” 在内的一段时间当中进行的动作。
[考例3] Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (上海 2005)
A．work B．working C．is working D．are working
[点拨] 选C。现在进行时可以表示包括 “说话时刻” 在内的一段时间当中正在做的事。主语中心词是Professor Smith，所以要选is working。
[拓展] 现在进行时还可以表示现在或现在某一阶段不断重复的动作，有“不断地”或“一个接一个”的含义，有时还带有不满、抱怨等感情色彩。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．This is a __ ____ (棘手的) case.
2．My interests are in _____ __ (冲突) with theirs.
3．Please p___ _ out three more sentences from the reading passage with object clauses.
4．The bomb e___ ___ but nobody was injured.
5．As is known to all, Canada is a ___ ____ (多元文化的) country.
6．It is known to us all that there are seven c__ ____ in four oceans in the world.
7．What my Chinese teacher said today i___ ____ me deeply and I would never forget it.
8．The mother put the little baby ___ ____(轻轻地) on the bed.
9．_______ speaking (一般说来), parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.
10． ur next-door n__ ____ says that she’ll look after our cat while we’re away.
二、单项填空
1．How I ___ ___him the pleasures he had during the vacation!
A．envy B．admire C．appreciate D．enjoy
2．–Do you still have the receipt, madam?
--No, I’m afraid I’ve ____ __.
A．torn it off B．torn it down C．torn it up D．torn it away
3．–Do you have any new dictionaries?
--We’ve got __ ____at the moment.
A．no one B．not one C．none D．neither
4．They spent three months at ___ ___sea before they went on __ ____shore.
A．the; the B．不填; 不填 C．the; 不填 D．不填; the
5．I promise that you ____ __have five dollars if you clean all the windows.
A．will B．to leave C．shall D．should
6．Since she is angry, we might as well __ ____her alone.
A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left
7．She will join us __ ____one condition: that we divide all the profits equally.
A．in B．for C．on D．to
8．It’s useless ___ ___to persuade him to get rid of that habit; he just can’t make ____ __.
A．trying; it B．to try; that C．trying; that D．in trying; it
9．Angkor Wat is a famous which _____ _the eleventh century.
A．dates back to B．dated back to C．dates in D．dated in
10．The famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend ____ __her.
A． accompanying with B． accompanying
C．accompanied with D．accompanied
【能力拓展】
1975, Microsoft: Bill Gates founded Microsoft with a group of school friends. Gates is worth ￡25billion
1976, Apple: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs built the first ready-made PC in a garage, selling a scientific calculator and a Volkswagen microbus to pay for it. Apple is now worth ￡6.3 billion
1984, Dell: Michael Dell, 39, founded the Dell Computer Corporation, now the world’s biggest PC manufacturer, by selling custom-built PCs directly to customs. It is worth ￡37 billion and Dell’s personal wealth is believed to exceed ￡10 billion
1994: Linux Torvalds created the Linux operating system while studying at Helsinki university. From the start, the code was freely distributed. It is becoming more popular as an alternative to the Windows operating system. He has become wealthy with his company Transmeta.
1998, Google: Sergey Brin and Larry Page began their search engine in a friend’s garage. It is now reputedly worth about ￡25 billion
1999, Napster: Shawn Fettings quit college at 19 to create a music download site with his uncle. By 2000 it was worth 42￡million
1999: Evan Williams, 28, founded www.blogger.com. It now has more than a million registered users. In 2003 he sold it to Google
1．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ______
A．customers who buy PCs B．Dell computer corporation
C．Michael Dell D．Selling custom-built PCs
2．From the passage, we can infer the following EXCEPT_________
A．www.blogger.com belongs to Google now
B．Gates’ personal wealth is larger than that of Dell’s
C．Shawn Fettings creates a music download site all by himself
D．Microsoft has a longer history than Apple
3．Which of the following match is not correct?
A．Linux---Transmeta, Evan---www.blogger. com
B．Steve Jobs---Apple, Shawn ----Napster
C．Larry Page---Google, Bill Gates---Microsoft
D．Sergey Brin---Google, Linux---Dell
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Famous computer companies
B．Net millionaires
C．How to run a computer company successfully
D．Being successful
参考答案
高二部分
Units 19-20 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．troublesome 2．conflict 3．pick 4．erupted 5．multi-cultural 6．continents 7．impressed 8．gently 9．Generally 10．neighbour
二、1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B
能力拓展
1-4 BCDB
1．B这里的it应该是指代上文提到的正在被介绍基本情况的戴尔电脑公司。
2．C Shawn Fetting是跟他的叔叔一起创建了第一个音乐下载网站，而不是他自己。
3．D Linux的创始人是Linux Torvalds，而不是Dell。
4．B 这篇文章主要是列举了网络富翁的情况。