东海高级中学 （222300）
杨金锋
1. value
夯实基础：1）n. value用处，用途 ；价值
What is the value of your house? 你的房子值多少钱？
Don’t throw anything that may be of use.不要把任何有用的东西扔掉。(=Don’t throw anything that may be useful.)
Your help has been of great value.
2）vt. 估价,定价; 尊重；珍视
He valued the ring at $80. 他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
I value your advice. 我尊重你的劝告。
相关链接：
1) valueless a. 无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的，相当于worthless
2) value / price
东西的“价值”（ value）指它“值”（ be worth） 多少钱；东西的“价钱”（ price） 指买者“花费”（ cost）多少
备考必备： 1) be of +名词=be +名词同源的形容词形式,常用的名词有use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。
I don’t want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. 我不想听你说,我对此不感兴趣。(of no interest=not interesting)
Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操对你的健康有利。
Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. 煤对工业发展是相当重要的。(of great importance=very important)
2). “(be)+of +名词”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时,表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用的名词有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。如:
Machines are of different types and sizes.机器有不同的型号和规格。
3). “(be)+of+名词”结构可以表示主语的根源关系,此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处的名词,常用的名词有family/blood/race/origin等。如:
We are of the same blood. 我们是同一家族。
They are of noble race. 他们出身名门。
2.unfairly ad.公平地,
夯实基础：. I do think I was treated unfairly . 我的确认为我遭到了不公平的待遇
相关链接：
1) fairly公平地,相当; ad. 相当地
It’s a fairly good book 这是一本相当不错的书。
I felt I hadn’t been treated fairly. 我觉得我没有受到公正的对待。
Her suggestion fairly took me by surprise. 她的建议真叫我大吃一惊.
I fairly jumped for joy. 我简直高兴得跳了起来.
2 ) fairly / rather
前者通常用于令人愉快的场合， rather 则表示令人不十分愉快的场合
The car is fairly large for the four of us. 这辆车我们四个人勉强坐得开。
To make matters worse, the room is rather small.
使得事情更糟糕的是，这个房子相当小（房子太小，不太合适）
备考必备：This book is rather too difficult for children.这本书让孩子们读太难了。
fairly 不能和too连用，而rather可以。
3. conclusion n.终结， 结局 结论； 决定； 推断 缔结； 议定
夯实基础：All the evidence pointed to the conclusion that he was guilty.所有的证据表明他是有醉的。
备考必备：arrive at a conclusion 得出结论， 告一段落
come to a conclusion 得出结论， 告一段落
draw a conclusion 得出结论， 告一段落
reach a conclusion 得出结论， 告一段落
at the conclusion of 当...完结时
bring to a conclusion 使结束； 谈定（买卖等）
come to the conclusion that...所得结论是..., 断定
in conclusion 最后， 总之（表明即将结束谈话的内容）
4．equality n. 同等，平等，相等
夯实基础：All three children have equality in our family.三个小孩在我们家都是平等的。
equality between the sexes 男女平等
相关链接：
1）equal adj. 相等的，平等的
She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作。
Everyone should enjoy equal rights.每个人都应当享有平等的权利。
Women demand equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。
2）v. 等于
None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
Two and five equals seven. 二加五等于七。
备考必备：
把某物分成均等的几份，只能用equal，不能用same。
他把苹果分成四等份。
（误）He divided the apple into four same parts.
（正）He divided the apple into four equal parts.
3)重要词组
be equal to sth.等于，与……相等，胜任……
One li is equal to half a kilometer.一华里等于半公里。
It is equal to me whether he comes or not.他来不来对我都一样。
He is equal to this task.他能胜任这项任务。
be equal to doing sth. 能胜任……
He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。
5. strengthen
夯实基础：
1)加强；增强
Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks. 和谈期间，敌人力量已大为增强。
2)变强
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
相关链接：
1)energy, strength, power
energy为“精力，活力，能量”，指人或动物所积蓄的内在或释放的活力，也指物理学上的能量。
He has so much energy that he can work as hard as three men. （energy指精力）
The successful carrying out of the work is due to his youth and energy. （energy指活力）
The energy of the sun has been widely used now. （energy指能量）
strength为“力气，力量”发挥的内在素质与体质，也可指物理学上的强度。
All the passengers pushed the bus with all their strength, but it refused to move. (strength指力气）
As the saying goes, “Unity is strength”, let us work hard together to overcome the difficulties. （strength指强度。）
power为“力，力量，能力，权力”。 它是力的总称，指各种力，如电力，动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量，能力，权力及势力等。当指人所具有的力气时，它与strength同义。
A football player needs power/strength to run with the ball. （power指体力。）
I'll do everything in my power to help that old lady. （power指能力。）
Electricity gives us power and makes machines work. （power指电力。）
备考必备：in strength 大批的，批量的
Go from strength to strength 不断取得成功，日益状大
6. rid…of…摆脱……，去掉……
夯实基础：It’s the time we got rid of all these old toys.该是把这些旧玩具都扔掉的时候了。
A detailed plan will rid the world of Aids. 详细的计划会使爱滋病在世界上绝迹。
备考必备: get rid of+名词为一个完整的词组，不能分开，即不能写成get rid somebody of something. 而get rid of the world
7.elect 选举
She was elected to a new leading position.她被推选到一新的领导岗位上。
相关链接：
select, elect
这两个词都有“选”的意思，但其含义和用法有异。
1) select指在广泛的范围中进行有斟酌的“精选”，淘汰的意味较重，其后须跟名词或代词作宾语。
Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from advanced workers.
出席大会的大多数代表是从先进工作者中挑选出来的。
It is difficult to select good materials for middle school students to read.
为中学生选出阅读的好材料是困难的。
2) elect的最普通意思是通过正式手续或投票形式的“选举”，其后须跟人或职称名词作宾语，亦可跟名词+名词，名词+as短语，名词+不定式短语的复合结构。
They elected him to take part in the competition.他们选他参加竞赛。
备考必备：
1) 在“elect sb. +职务”句式中，表示独一无二等职位前不用冠词；若同样的职位有多人存在，则必须加不定冠词，以示其中之一：
We elected him monitor.我们选他为班长。
They elected Jimmy Carter (as) President.他们选吉米卡总统。
相似的动词还有：call, name, make, appoint, keep, think , consider, find, leave等
2） 作出选择；决定 ; 与to 连用
He elected to become a doctor. 他决定当医生。
She elected to return to work after her baby was born..她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。
8. make up 为“构成，组成”，主语为构成一个整体的各个个体，宾语是一个集合体。
夯实基础：Ten doctors make up a visiting team. 十位医生组成了一支访问团。
相关链接：此结构用于被动语态时，需加介词of，构成be made up of短语。
A car is made up of many different parts. 一辆汽车是由许多不同的零件组成的。
Life is made up of both sweetness and sorrow. 生活中既有甘，又有苦。
备考必备：
make up 和解；和好 ;化妆；化装
She made up her face to look prettier. 她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。
捏造，虚构（故事、诗等）
The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
make up for补偿
make up for lost time 补回失去的时间
They hurried on to make up for lost time. 他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。
9. oppose 有“反对；对抗；反抗”、“以……对抗”、“使对立/对照”等含义。
夯实基础： 主要用于以下句式：
1）oppose+名词/代词。
I’ll not oppose you.我不反对你。
We’ll oppose force with force.我们反对以暴力对抗暴力。
2）oppose+动名词
We oppose copying everything foreign.我们反对样样照抄外国的。
相关链接：oppose object resist 都含“反对”的意思
oppose 为常用词, 指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”, 着重动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”
The father opposed to his son’s marriage.父亲反对儿子的婚事。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 着重“个人嫌厌”和“(由于与个人有关因此)提出反对意见”
I objected to his plan.我反对他的计划。
resist 指“积极地反抗、对抗”、“用武力阻止...的前进”, resist the enemy抵抗敌人。
备考必备：
1).Oppose oneself/ sth. to….如：
I oppose myself to the training plan.我反对那项训练计划。
The soldier opposed his arm to the blow of the enemy soldier.那位士兵用手臂挡住敌兵的打击。
2).be opposed to…反对
I’m much opposed to your going abroad.我非常反对你出国。
He had been violently opposed to this plan at first.起初他强烈反对这项计划。
10.date back to 从...时就有, 回溯到, 远在...(年代) ;多用一般现在时
夯实基础：It is said that the custom can date back to the 18th century.
据说这种习俗可以追溯到18世纪。
相关链接：date back to = date from
date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)
语感稍有不同，前者和现在也有联系，而后者没有表明是否与现在有关。
This kind of music dates from the 18th century. 这种音乐可追溯到18世纪。
备考必备：
out of date 过时的，陈旧的
to date 到此为止
up to date 现代的；直到最近的
date back to 追溯到；从…开始有
11.foolish愚蠢的
夯实基础： It’s foolish to idle away one’s precious time.把大好时光浪费掉是愚蠢的。
a foolish person 愚蠢的人
How foolish I was not to have bought it. 我没买下它真是太傻。
It was foolish to take the test without preparation. 没有准备就去应试是愚蠢的。
荒谬的,可笑的
He looked foolish in his red pants. 他穿着红裤子看上去真可笑。
相关链接：
1） fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 .V. 愚弄
fool sb. out of 骗某人的东西
fool sb. into doing 哄骗某人做
2）foolish “蠢”,着重缺乏智慧或判断力； silly “ 傻“，着重头脑简单、不懂事，有单纯、糊涂的意味； stupid“笨”，着重生理迟钝，反应迟钝.
备考必备：
1) 句型：foolish of sb. to do sth…
It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop.你真愚蠢,竟然把汽车停在公共汽车站附近。
12 .take place发生，举行
夯实基础： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
相关链接：
1)take the place of 代替，替代
2）take one’s place 代替某人，接替
3) take place , happen, occur, come about和break out用法区别
(1). take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如：
The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.
(2) happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如：
What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?)
Maybe something unexpected happened.
I happened to see him on my way home.
= It happened that I saw him on my way home.
(3). occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen，例如：
What has occurred? (=What has happened?)
A big earthquake occurred (=happened) in the south of China last month.
(4). come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句，例如：
When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
Do you know how the air accident came about?
(5). break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等，例如：
A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.
After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.
备考必备：take place是不及物动词，没有被动语态，此外要记忆以下常考的不及物动词： go, arrive, break out, take off, belong to等
13) calm 平静的
夯实基础：
After the storm it became calm again.暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。
He was calm when I told him the bad news. 当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静
相关链接：
calm vt, vi （常与down连用） 使安静
The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.
保育员给那小男孩一些糖果,使他安静下来了。
The mother calmed her child.母亲使孩子安静下来。
It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。
14）for instance
夯实基础：for instance用于句首还是句末都可以
You can’t rely on her. For instance, she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.她这个人靠不住。比如说，昨天有个重要会议，她就晚来一个小时。
take his example for instance.
for instance, he is such a damn guy.
相关链接：for example, for instance 两者基本相同，用哪一个由个人喜好而定。
备考必备：
1）instant n 片刻 in an instant = immediately
2) the instant : as soon as 一……就
The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一 看到他，就认出他就是警方正在找的人。
u4
1． instruct vt 教；教授
夯实基础：instruct a class in history 教授一个班的历史
She instructed me in the use of the telephone. 她教我使用电话。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。
相关链接：
1) instruction n. 指示，指导；
The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.
老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂。
2) instructions 使用说明书，操作指南
Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的说明。
3) teach, instruct
他教我们化学。 He instructs us in chemistry
He teaches us chemistry.
备考必备：
1) instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。
2)instruction 后that引出的同位语从句，谓语用“should +V”
2．salary n.薪水
夯实基础：
Teachers, government officials and clerks receive salaries. 教师，政府官员和职员接受薪水。
相关链接： salary, wage, fee
salary 指按月发的薪水，领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人
He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
他告诉我说，公司付不起那么多薪水了。
What’s your salary? 你领取多少薪水？
wage一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资，领取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人
The young wage -earner often earns good money挣工资的年轻人往往挣很多钱.
His wages are high, prices are high, too. 工资高，物价也高。
fee一词在英语中指付给医生、音乐师、美术工作者或律师的报酬。
The doctor’ s fee is ＄ 25 a visit.这位医生一次出诊费是25英镑。
School fees are high in that country.那个国家的学费很高。
3．influence 感化；影响力；感化力 ;可以用名词、动词
夯实基础：
The moon has an influence on animal behavior.
Many a woman has had civilizing influence on her husband.许多妇女对其丈夫有影响。
相关链接：influence , affect, effect
influence指通过间接、不易察觉的方式对人的思想或行为发生潜移默化的影响，也可以指自然界的影响。
What we read influences our mind
affect只用动词“使……发生变化”，可以引申为“感动”“感染”
Any change in the weather affects the crops 任何天气的变化都会影响庄稼的生长。
effect 名词，着重指影响“affect”的结果“效力”“作用”等，常用词组have effect on 相当于affect;
One of the effects of bad weather is poor crops 恶劣的天气产生的后果之一是庄稼的歉收。
备考： exercise / have influence on / over…
Use one’s influence with sb.
Under one’s influence / under the influence ofsb.
4．remind （常与of, to + inf, that连用）;使想起；使记起；提醒
夯实基础：
1) remind sb. todo sth. 提醒某人做某事
Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。
Please remind me again nearer to the time of the interview.到快面试时请再提醒我一下。
2) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起 某物
This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。
3) remind that…Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.
请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
备考必备：
rob/ cure/ inform/ accuse sb./ of sth,
They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch.他们将他击倒并抢了他的手表。
小试身手：
1．You’ll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
2．---You are always full of ________ . Can you tell me the secret? （07福建）
---Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
3．The conclusion they finally _______ was unreasonable.
A. got to B. arrived in C. arrived D. reached
4．I ruled the world. I would______ the world_______ everything that is bad.
A. get rid of; by B. be rid of; by C. rid; of D. get rid ;of
5．It’s the sort of work that -------a high level of concentration. ( 07山东)
A．calls for B．makes up C．lies in D．stands for
6．I’ve been ________ to wait here until the lecturer arrives.
A. instructed B. called C. wished D. hoped
7．The sea was ________ at the beginning of our voyage. But soon it began to roar.
A. quite B. calm C. lovely D. live
8．____________, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
A. For conclusion B. Under conclusion C. In conclusion D. To conclusion
9．The film _________ him of what he had seen in China.
A. kept B. told C. informed D. reminded
10. The husband strongly _________ his wife’s going there alone.
A. opposed B. opposed to C. against D. for
11. How can we make up to you _______ what you have suffered?
A. from B. in C. for D. by
12. The church , ________ 1173, was burnt up last night.
A. that dates back to B. dating back to C. dated from D. that dated from
13. It _________ to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
A. occurred B. happened to C. took place D. came about
14．When the rain started, the crowd disappeared __________.
A. in a hurry B. soon C. at an instant D. in an instant
15．If I forget , please _________ me.
A. tell B. announce C. remind D. reply
16． She equals me in intelligence but not in __________..
A. strength B. power C. energy D. source
17.He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.
A. payment B. salary C. fee D. wage
18. They are both _______ pretty and they can both run ________ fast.
A. equal, equal B. equally, equally C. equal, equally D. equally, equal
Keys: 1-5 CDDCA 6-10. ABCDA 11-18 CBADCABB