1. gesture 姿态， 手势； 举止； 态度， 观点
make a ~ of despair作出绝望的样子
The government made a ~ towards public opinion.顺应民意做出----姿态
speak by ~ 以手势表达
They made a rude ~ at the driver of the other car.
友好的表示It is a nice ~ to invite his wife too.
They sent flowers as a ~ of sympathy to the parents of the child
I gave her some flowers as a gesture of apology 我送花表示我的歉意
Communicate with sb by ~
It’s a nice ~ to invite them as well as the child.态度， 意图， 表示
Vt. ~ to/for sb to do sth
She ~d for them to come in.
What is the altitude of the village?
It’s difficult to breathes at these ~ s.
2. friction
There is a great deal of ~ between the management and the work force.
Conflicts and ~s to be solved
3. restore 把---拿回原处， 恢复原状， 复兴， 使（失去的习惯等）复旧； 修复， 使复原
~ sb to sth; ~ sth to sb, 使---恢复到（原先的状况， 地位等）
~ my health; ~ me to health
The company restored him to his former job.公司恢复他原来的工作
~ sth: ~ my beauty, sight, confidence 恢复---姿色， 视力， 信心
Her job is ~ing old paintings
The police restored order. 恢复秩序 ~ a temple
restoration 恢复， 还原 the ~ of peace 恢复和平 one’s ~ to health 对---的恢复
复职， 复位 the ~ to his job
4. appoint vt (1) 挑……做某工作或任某职位，任命，委派
～ sb (to sth)/ (as) sth/ to do sth
～ Tom to the vacant post/ (as) Chairman 委派汤姆填补那空缺/ 做主席
(2) ～ sth (for sth) 确定…… ～ a date for a meeting
appointment 约会，约定
5. bother : (1) vt ① ～sb about/ with sth 打扰、烦扰；给……添麻烦
I’m sorry to ～ you, but could you tell me the way to the station?
Does the smoking ～ you? 我抽烟影响你吗？
Don’t ～ your father (about it) now; he’s very tired now.
② 使……不安 the problem has been ～ing me for weeks.
(2) vi.① (为做某事) 费功夫,添麻烦
He didn’t even ～ to say thank you. 他甚至连说声谢谢都不肯。
② 关心 ～ about sth/ sb
(3) n ① [U] 麻烦，不便 ②[C] a ～ 恼人的事物
6. divorce n (1)离婚，离异 ask for a ～ 申请离婚 get/ obtain a ～ 获准离婚
(2)[C] 分离，断绝关系
vt (1)与……离婚 (2) (尤用被动) 使……与……分开 divorce sb/sth from sth
7. mercy
at the ~ of任由---的摆布，The boat was at the ~ of the rapid river. 那条河任由湍急的河流摆布
without ~ 毫不留情地， 残忍地
have/take (no) ~ on对---（不）同情He had/took little ~ on the prisoner.
show ~ to 对---表示怜悯He showed little ~ to the prisoner.他对囚犯毫不宽容
throw oneself on sb’s ~ 请求某人的宽恕
They had no ~ on their prisoners.他们对囚犯毫无怜悯之意
The blacks used to be treated without ~.黑人以前遭到残忍的虐待
She is a kind girl and she often shows ~ on the poor.
a mercy （口语）恩惠， 幸运It’s a mercy that we have met you here.
8. court (1) [C,U] 法庭，法院 take sb to court 起诉，控告某人
go to court（over sth）起诉，打官司
(2) 宫廷，朝廷（常用Court）
the court宫廷上下
The court moves to the country in the summer. 夏天王室上下都移居到乡下去。
9. prison (1) [C] 监狱，看守所
(2) [U] 被监禁；服刑，坐牢
go to prison 入狱 be in prison 在狱中 send sb to prison 判…刑
come out of prison 出狱 escape from prison 越狱
Does prison do anything to prevent crime?采用关押方法对制止犯罪有用吗？
10. charge (1) vt charge sb with sth 以……控告某人 He was charged with murder.
(2) vi/vt charge (sb/sth ) for sth ; charge (sb) sth (for sth) 要价
How much do you charge (me) for mending shoes?
(3) vt 给……充电 charge a battery 给蓄电池充电
n. in charge of sth 控制，支配…… take charge (of sth) 控制……，承担…责任
11. withdraw: vt. 撤回, 取回, 撤消, 使撤退, 拉开, 移开 vi. 撤退, 离开
变化形式： withdrew 、 withdrawn, 、 withdrawing、 withdraws
withdrew her application; withdrew his son from the race. 收回她的申请；不让他儿子参加赛跑
withdrew the accusation. 撤回控诉
to withdraw a remark收回一句话
withdraw a boy from school把孩子从学校领回
withdraw one's eyes from把视线从...移开(不再看...)
withdraw a bill [demand, offer] 撤消议案[要求、建议]
withdraw a remark收回发言
withdrew from the competition. 从竞争中退出
to withdraw $500 from a bank account从银行提取500美元
After dinner the ladies withdrew. 饭后妇女们退出
He withdrew from the race. 他退出比赛
The army withdrew. 军队撤退了
withdraw one's hand from the hot stove把手从热火炉旁缩回
withdraw troops from a place从某地撤军
12. accommodation: n. 1. 适应;调节[U] 2. 调和;和解[U][C] 3. 乐于助人[U]
4 . 方便;方便设施[U][C] 5. 住处;膳宿[P1][U]
6. 【美】(舟、车等处的)预订铺位(或座位)[P]
7. 眼调节[U] 8. 【美】贷款 9. 融通票据的签发
13. enlarge: vt. 1. 扩大;扩展 2. 放大(照片) 3. 【美】释放
vi. 1. 扩大 2. 详述[(+on/upon)]
enlarge one’s views by reading 以读书来增长见识
～ the playground / photo 扩大操场 / 放大照片
～ one’s experience 扩大经验
14. sponsor: n. [C] 1. 发起者;主办者;倡议者
I asked my uncle to stand ～ for me. 我请求叔父做我的保证
2. 保证人
3. (广播、电视节目的)赞助者 4. 教父,教母
vt. 1. 发起;主办;倡议 2. 为...做保证人 3. 资助,赞助
15. insurance 保险（契约）；保险业；保险费
insurance against sth 保险措施；(预防损失，失败等的)安全保障
People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. 未投保者需自付修理费。
an insurance against theft/ fire 盗窃保险；火险
insure vt. insurance sb against sth
insurance oneself/ one’s life for 50,000 yuan 为自己投5万元的人寿保险
16. avenue 大道，林荫道；大街；途径，手段 an avenue to success/fame 成功之路，成名之路
Several avenues are open to us. 我们前面有几条可行之路。
We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径。
17. focal ：adj 在焦点上的，焦点的 focal point 重点
Reducing unemployment is the focal point of the government’s plans.
减少失业人数时政府工作计划的重点。
focus ~es (pl) （光，声等的中心，源）；焦点，焦距；活动的中心，使人感兴趣的所在
the focus of an earthquake 震源
Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮，惹人注目。
be out of focus 模糊，不清楚或不在焦点上
be in focus bring sth/ come into focus 使某物清晰，明确
vt. focus sth on sth focus your mind on the following problem 把思维集中到如下的题目
vi. focus on sth I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today. 我太疲劳，精神集中不起来。
18. impressiveness n.【 u】气势宏伟
impressive 给人印象深刻的 an impressive building/ ceremony 令人难忘的仪式，建筑
impressively His collection of paintings is most impressive. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。
impression 印象 impressionism 印象派，印象主义
impress
19. decoration 装饰，装璜；（复数）装饰品 festival ~s 节日的装饰物 勋章，奖章
decorate vt. 装饰，装璜 ；授勋章给。。。vi. 装饰，布置
The hall is decorated with red flags. 礼堂里挂着红旗。
decorator 室内装饰家；制景人员 adj. 适于室内装饰的 a decorator fabric
20. inspect: vt. 1. 检查;审查 2. 检阅;视察
vi. 进行检查;进行视察
21. mark: n. 1. 痕迹;污点;瘢疤[C]
The scandal left a mark on his reputation. 那件丑事玷污了他的名声。
2. 记号;符号;标记[C]
You can see in him the marks of an educated man. 从他身上你可以看到受过教育的人的特点。
3. 【英】分数;成绩[C] 4. 靶子;目标[C] 5. 标准,常态[the S]
6. (常大写)(与数字连用表示武器等的)...型,...式[C] a Mark 4 gun 四式枪
7. (代替签名的)十字押[C] 8. 著名,卓越[U] 9. 影响[C] 10. (田径赛)起跑线[C]
vt. 1. 做记号于;留痕迹于;标明
The box of eggs was marked "With Care". 这个鸡蛋盒标上了"小心"字样。
2. 标志;表示...的特征 3. 记下,录下 4. 给(试卷等)打分数
The teacher marked the examination papers. 教师给试卷打了分数。
5. 注意,留心[+wh-]
Mark carefully how the job is done. 好好注意这活儿是怎样做的。
6. 明显表示,表明
7. 【英】(球赛中)盯(人)
vi. 1. 留下痕迹(或伤痕),弄污 2. 作记号(或符号) 3. 注意
n. (德国的货币单位) 马克[C]
22. exposure: n. 1. 暴露;暴晒[U][(+to)]
2. 揭露,揭发[U][C][(+of)]
3. (商品等的)陈列[U]
4. 曝光;曝光时间;(照相)软片[C][U]
5. (住家等的)朝向,方位[C][U]
23. raise: vt. 1. 举起,抬起
He raised his glass and said: "Your health, Carl." 他举起了杯子说道:"祝你健康,卡尔。"
2. 增加;提高;提升[(+to)]
The landlord raised my rent. 房东提高了我的租金。
3. 筹(款);招(兵);集结
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings. 他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
4. 养育;种植;饲养 5. 提出;发出 6. 引起;唤起;扬起 7. 竖起;建起
8. 撤除(包围,封锁等),解(禁) 9. 使复活;使(鬼魂)出现
10. 给(赌注)加码,提高(赌注) 11. (用无线电)和...取得联系
n. 1. 【美】加薪;加薪额[C]
I am going to ask the boss for a raise. 我要找老板要求加薪。
2. 提高,举,升 3. 高处;拱高路段 4. 【牌】赌注加码,加叫
变化形式： 动变: raised; raised; raising 名复: raises
辨析：raise; keep; support; feed
这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思，但也有区别。
raise意为“抚养（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”之意。如：
He raised the children himself；his wife died years ago．
他的妻子多年以前就去世了，他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids．那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。
keep表示“养活（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”。如：
John has his wife and six children to keep（support）．约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs．他们养了一些鸡和猪。
support意为“养活”，不用于饲养动物。如：
She supports her old mother．她赡养老母亲。
He has a large family to support．他要养活一大家子。
feed意为“喂熝牐凰茄；以……为食”。如：
Have you fed the baby／cow yet？婴儿／牛喂了吗？
She fed meat to her dog. ＝She fed her dog with／on meat．她用肉喂狗。
Foxes feed on small animals．狐狸以小动物为食。
24. treasure：n. 1. 金银财宝,财富[U]
It is said that the pirates buried their treasure on this island.据说海盗把他们的金银财宝埋藏在这个岛上。
2. 贵重物品[C] 3. 【口】不可多得的人才[C]
My secretary's a real treasure. 我的秘书是个难得的人才。
4. 【口】(用以称呼孩子或姑娘)宝贝[C]
vt. 1. 珍爱,珍视
We treasure our friendship. 我们珍惜我们之间的友谊。
2. 储存;珍藏 3. 铭记[(+up)]
I treasure up my father's dying words. 我铭记父亲的遗言。
名复: treasures 动变: treasured; treasured; treasuring