M6 Unit 2 单词导学
编写人：支明
一、Analysis and explanation
1. injure (vt.) ①使受伤，弄伤，损伤，损害 ②伤害（名誉、自尊等）
The boy injured his leg while playing basketball.
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
injured: (adj.) 受伤的，被伤害的，感情受伤的
eg. injured looks ______________ in an injured voice ______________
the dead and the ___________ 死者及伤者
injury: (n.) ①伤害，损害
eg. It’s a severe injury to his reputation. ____________________________
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
②伤，伤口
eg. The nurse is dressing his injuries. ____________________________
辨析：injure, wound, hurt
① injure 一般指由于意外或事故中受伤，指一时难愈之伤。
② wound 指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗，战争中受伤
③ hurt “受伤”的一般用法，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指感情上的伤害，作vi. 时； 意为“疼，疼痛”
2. struggle vi. & n. 努力，奋斗，挣扎，搏斗，抗争
①vi. for sth. 为（争取）……而奋斗，抗争
struggle against/ with sth. 与/和……做斗争/抗争
to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
eg. The thief struggled in the policeman’s arms.
选介词填空：
struggle ____________ difficulties 与困难搏斗
struggle ____________ power 争夺权力
②n. the struggle for freedom/existence 为自由奋斗，生存竞争
not surrender without a ________________未经奋战不投降
With a____________, he controlled his feelings.
We should keep confident __________________ life. (在与……的抗争中)
3. disability n. 残疾，无能，无力
disable vt. 使无能，使残疾
disabled adj. 残疾的
able (adj.) 有能力的→enable(vt.)使能够→ability(n.)能力
4. in hospital 住院
eg. He is in hospital.
in hospital 住院 in church__________ in office ____________
比较
in the hospital _________ in the church________ in the office__________
5. apart adj.& adv. ①分开的，分离的
eg. The 2 houses are 500 metres ____________. 这两栋房子相距500m.
②和tell或know连用，意为“区别，分别”
eg. I can’t tell these two things apart. _______________________________
③apart from (1)远离，和……不在一起；(2)除……之外（尚有）；⑶除……之外（无）同except，同besides, as well as, in addition to
写出横线处汉语意思：
①Apart from the cost, the Color of the hat doesn’t suit me. ( )
②I have finished apart from the last question. ( )
③Lucy has been accepted by Oxford University, so she had to live apart from her parents.
( )
6. simply adv. 仅仅，只不过；简单地；确定
指出下列句中simply的含义：
①The book explains grammar simply & clearly. ( )
②Simply add hot water & stir(搅动). ( )
③That is simply not true. ( )
simple adj. ①简单的，简易的 ②简朴的，单纯的
simplify vt. 简化 simplified Chinese characters ______________
7. dedicated adj. 投入的，专注的，献身的
搭配：be dedicated to sth./doing sth.
eg. She is dedicated to ___________(write) her novel.
dedicate (vt.) oneself / sth. to sth./doing sth. 献身某人自己/某物在，某事上/做某事上
8. devote vt. 投入，献身
devote (oneself/time/money/energy) to (sb./sth./doing sth.)投身于……，献身于……
eg. He devoted herself to his career.
Every year the millionaire devotes much money to__________ (protect) the environment.
9. rush ①vt. 紧急送往；使冲向；仓促行事
rush sb. to s.p. 紧急送某人到某地 rush s.p. 冲向某地
rush (sb.) into doing sth. 使（某人）仓促做某事
More soldiers were rushed to the front. ____________________________________
Fans rushed the stage after the concert. ____________________________________
②n. a rush on/ for sth. 急需……
There is a rush for medicine in the flooded area.
in a rush 急忙，匆忙 rush hour （上下班的）交通高峰期
eg. I can’t stop. I’m in a rush.
10. severe adj. 严重的，严厉的，严格的
be severe with sb. 对某人要求严格
be severe on/ upon sb./ sth. 对……很严厉的
severe loss/ looks 严重的损失/严肃的神色
11. cheer ①vt.& vi. （使）高兴，使振奋
eg. The good news cheered everybody.
cheer(sb./sth.)up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来
eg. I cheered up at the news.
②n. [c] 欢呼，喝彩； [u]愉快，高兴，振奋
You can hear the _______ of the crowd miles away from the football ground.(cheer, cheers)
He is full of __________ in summer.(cheer, cheers)
cheers n. （用于祝酒）干杯，告辞，再见
cheerful adj. 快乐的，高兴的
12. spirits 通常用复数形式，意思是“精神状态，情绪，心境”
in good spirits 情绪好，精神状态饱满 in high spirits 情绪高昂
in low/ poor spirits 情绪低落 raise sb’s spirits 鼓舞某人的情绪
比较：spirit n. 精神；勇气，意志，心态
13. accomplish vt. 完成，实现
eg. 计划的第一部分已顺利完成。
The first part of the plan _________ ________ safely ________.
accomplishment n. 完成，成就，成绩，才艺
14. adapt vt.& vi. ①使适应，使适合
adapt oneself to (sth./doing sth.) 使某人自己适应于某事
adapt to sth. 适应某事
eg. 他花了一个月才适应新环境。
It ________ him a month to _________ himself ________ his new surroundings.
我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。
Our eyes slowly __________ __________ the dark.
②改写，改编 adapt sth. for sth. 改编……成为……
eg. This novel has been adapted for television. 这部小说已经被改编成电视节目。
adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性强的；可改编的
adaptation n. 适应，适应性；改编本
15. optimistic adj. 乐观的，有信心的
be optimistic about sth. 对……乐观的
eg. 她对考试结果不乐观。_____________________________________________
optimism n. 乐观主义 optimist n. 乐观的人，乐观主义者
optimistically adv. 乐观地
16. inspire vt. ①鼓舞，激励
inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth.
用某事鼓舞某人
inspire sth. in sb.
eg. The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. 演员们以热情鼓舞着孩子们。
同义句改写：__________________________________________________________
②赋予某人灵感（尤指写作、绘画、作曲等）；启示，启迪
inspire sb. (to sth.)
eg. His paintings were clearly inspired by Monet’s work.
他的绘画显然是受到了莫奈作品的启示。
inspired adj. 受灵感启示的；得自灵感的；有创作力的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；使人感兴趣的；吸引人的
inspiration n. 灵感； 鼓舞或激励人的人/物 （inspiration to/ for sb.）
eg. （谚）Genius is 10% inspiration & 90% perspiration.
_________________________________________________
17. courage n. 勇气，胆量
encourage ______________ 鼓励某人做某事
discourage _________________ 阻止某人做某事
courageous adj. 勇敢的，无畏的
18. sympathy n. 同情；赞同，支持
feel/ have/ express (no/ little/ some) sympathy for/ towards sb. 对某人表示(不/一点儿/一些)同情
in sympathy with sb./ sth. 对某人/ 事表示支持/赞同，相应发生，因……而出现
in/ with sympathy 同情地
out of sympathy with sb. / sth. 不赞成，不支持某人/事
eg. I feel no sympathy for Jane, it’s all her own fault.
________________________________________________
我确信她一定赞成你的建议。
I’m sure she will be ____________________ your proposal.
sympathetic adj. 表示同情的，出于同情的
19. arrange vi. & vt. 安排，整理，布置，排列，筹划
sth.
sth. for sb./ sth. 为某人/事安排某事
arrange for sth. 为某事做安排
for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
with sb. to do /for sth. 与某人商促做某事/为某事与某人商促
that 主+(should )do 安排，商定
arrangement n.
20. allocate vt. 分配
sb. sth. 分配某物给某人/某单位
allocate sth. to sb./ sth.
sth. for sth. 分配某物作为……
eg. allocate funds for repair work 拨出经费作维修用
He allocated each of us our tasks. (同义句改写)
________________________________________________________________-
sb.
21. be tired of sth. 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣=be bored with
doing
tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭 be tired out (某人) 精疲力竭
tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的 tiring adj. 令人困倦的（修饰物）
tiresome adj. 讨厌的，烦人的；令人厌倦的（可修饰人或物）
22. believe in sb./ God 相信某人，信任，信仰上帝
believe sb. 相信某人所说的话 believe it or not 信不信由你
23. communicate vi. & vt. 交流，沟通，传达、传播、传递
communicate sth. to sb./ sth. 使某事被某人知晓，传达事物给某人
communicate with sb. 和某人交流情况/ 交换消息
communicate a disease __________________
eg. 他急于把他的想法传达给他的小组。
He was eager to ______________ his idea _____________ his group.
They communicated in sign language. ________________________
这部小说写的是关于家庭成员彼此无法沟通的一个家庭。
The novel is about a family who can’t _________ __________each other.
communication n. be in communication with sb. 和某人交流
24. quit vt. & vi. 停止，放弃（pt. pp: quitted/ quit）
quit sth./ doing sth. be quit of sb. / sth. 摆脱某人/某事，脱离某人/事
eg. If I don’t get a pay rise, I’ll quit. _______________________________
我很想摆脱这个责任。 _______________________________
25. ahead of ①(时间、空间)在……的前面；②领先于……；③提前于……
④更早，更先进于
写出划线部分的汉语意思：
eg. ①His ideas were ahead of his time. ( )
②He went home ahead of time because of bad cold. ( )
③London is about 5 hours ahead of Now York. ( )
④Ahead of us is a supermarket. ( )
⑤Lucy was always well ahead of the rest of the class. ( )
26. at that point 在那时，在那个阶段
eg. At that point, they were discussing an important task.
27. golden adj. 金色的；金的，黄金般的，极好的
a golden ring ______________ a golden opportunity ________________
golden days/age____________ golden wedding ________________
28. assist vt. 帮助，协助、援助
sb. in/ with sth. 比较： sb. in/with sth. sb.with sth.
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. in doing help sb.(to) do
sb. to do sb. to do
assistance n. 帮助，帮忙，援助 assistant n. 助手，助理
29. instant adj. ①即时的，方便的 ②立即的，立刻的（作定语）
③调制快速方便的，速成的
instant coffee ______________ an instant success _________________
n. 当时，立刻，瞬间
I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her. 我一眼就认出是她。
in an instant 马上
instantly ①adv. 立刻，马上，瞬即=at once/ immediately
②conj. 一……就……=as soon as
30. guarantee vt. 保证，担保 n. （交易的）保证，保证书，保修单
sth.
sb. sth. 担保某人某事
sth. to sb.
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
sb./sth. (to be)… 保证……是……
(sb./ sth.) against/ from… 保证……不……
that 从句
under guarantee 在保修期内
完成下列句子：
①The company ___________________________ for a year. 公司对这个钟保修1年。
②I_________________________________ all my debts. 我保证偿还他所有的债务。
③Tom ________________________ here tomorrow. 汤姆保证明天在这儿。
④I _____________________________ loss. 我保证你不受损失。
⑤I_________________that ____________________.我保证他会去的。
⑥Having much money doesn’t ________________________.拥有很有钱并不能保证你快乐。
guarantor 担保人，保证人
guaranty n. （法律上）保证，保证书
二、单项选择：
1. At least 203 miners were killed, 22________& 13__________ in a coal mine gas explosion Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A. injuring; trapping B. injured; trapped
C. injured; trapping D. injuring; trapped
2. _________ the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A. Dedicated himself to bringing out B. Dedicated himself to bring out
C. Dedicated to bringing out D. Dedicating to bringing out
3. ________ a few faults, she was a trust-worthy teacher.
A. Apart B. Apart from C. Beside D. Besides
4. I can’t stop. I’m ________rush.
A. on B. on a C. in D. in a
5. I think you are too severe _________ the boy.
A. to B. on C. of D. toward
6. Give Mary a call; she needs _________ because she failed in the test.
A. to cheer up B. have cheered up C. cheer up D. cheered up
7. I wonder why Tom has been in low _________ recently; he is always a man of ________.
A. spirits; spirits B. spirit; spirit C. spirits; spirit D. spirit; spirits
8. Most of the time has gone by, but we only _________ one-third of our task.
A. accomplished B. are accomplishing
C. have accomplished D. accomplish
9. He failed to __________ himself to the new environment.
A. adopt B. adapt C. attach D. arrange
10. __________ by the hero’s deeds, the students study harder than before.
A. Inspire B. Inspired C. Inspiring D. To inspire
11. The disabled person was begging by the roadside & everyone who went there expressed sympathy __________ him.
A. for B. to C. at D. on
12. In the old days of China, children’s marriage were __________ by their parents.
A. arranged B. tied C. fixed D. made
13. We all felt __________ of the _________child.
A. tired; tiresome B. tired; tiring C. tireless, tired D. tiresome; tiring
14. ________ in sign language, they both can understand very well.
A. Communicate B. Communicated
C. To communicate D. Communicating
15. The police will _________ her address.
A. assist you into finding B. assist you at finding
C. assist you in finding D. assist you to finding