9B Unit 2 Robots（1）
第二单元 机器人
重点难点
1. I’m writing a complaint letter. 我在写一封抱怨信。
★complaint用作不可数名词，意思是“抱怨”“不满”“牢骚”“投诉”。如：
① You have no cause for complaint. 你没有理由来埋怨。
② I’m going to write a letter of complaint. 我打算写封投诉信。
③ There’s no real reason for complaint. 没有真正抱怨的理由。
④ If your neighbors are too noisy, you’ll have cause for complaint.
如果你的邻居很吵闹，你就有控告他们的理由。
★complaint用作可数名词，表示“感到不满的事”“抱怨的行动或话语”“投诉”。如：
① My sister wrote me to make so many complaints.
我姐姐写信给我，发了那么多的牢骚。
② Some children are full of complaints about their food.
一些孩子对他们的食物充满了怨言。
③ I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you’ve given me.
我对你们提供给我的旅馆房间有许多不满的意见。
④ The police received several complaints about the noise from our party.
警方收到几个不满投诉，说我们的聚会太吵了。
★complain用作动词，意思是“抱怨”“发牢骚”“投诉”，后接抱怨的具体内容时常用介词about或of，在表示“向……抱怨”时，常用介词to，也可接从句。如：
① She is always complaining. 她老是发牢骚。
② He complained to me about the food. 他向我抱怨食物。（抱怨食物不好）
③ I’ve got nothing to complain of really. 真的我没有什么可以抱怨的。
④ He complained that he couldn’t find a job anywhere. 他抱怨说自己到处都找不到工作。
2. What have I done wrong? 我做错了什么？
do wrong意为“做错事”，其中的wrong用作名词，意为“坏事”“不法行为”“错误”等，do sb. wrong或do wrong to sb. 意为“冤枉某人”。如：
① She did no wrong. 她不会干坏事。
② They have done us a great wrong. 他们对待我们十分不公正。
③ A terrible wrong has been done. Those men should never gone to prison.
这事已经造成大冤案，那些人决不应该进监狱。
④ You shouldn’t do wrong to me. 你不应该冤枉我。
3. Mr Jing is the first person is Sunshine Town to own a robot.
江先生是阳光镇第一个拥有机器的人。
★own用作动词，意思是“拥有”“有”，指具有法律上的所有权，其主语往往是人。如：
① This house is mine. I own it. 这房子是我的，归我所有。
② She owns a car, but she rarely drives it. 她有一辆小汽车，但她很少开。
③ Who owns this land? 这块土地归谁所有？
④ His family owned neither land nor house. 他家既无田地又无房子。
★own用作动词，还可表示“承认”“承认(某事属实或是自己所为)”。如：
① They own that the claim is justified. 他们承认那要求是正当的。
② I own I was wrong. 我承认我错了。
③ It was my fault. I’ll own it. 这是我的过错。我会承认的。
★own用作形容词，意思是“自己的”。如：
① I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。
② I wish I had my own room. 但愿我有自己的房间。
③ He did it in his own way. 他以自己的方式做这件事。
★own用作名词，意为“自己的东西”。如：
① May I keep it for my own? 我可以把它当作自己的吗？
② The workers took him as one of their own. 工人把他当作自己人。
③ This house is my own. 这房子是我自己的。
★on one’s own是一个习惯短语，意为“独自地”“独立地”。如：
① She still lives on her own. 她仍然独自一人生活。
② I’ll do the work on my own. 我将独立地工作。
4. ‘In order to have more free time, I have to buy a robot,’ Mr Jing thought.
汪先生想“为了有更多的空间，我得买一个机器人。”
★in order to意为“为了”“以便”，后接动词原形，其否定形式为in order not to。如：
① Yao Ming went to America in order to get further practice on basketball.
为了得到篮球方面的进一步训练，姚明去了美国。
② They did anything in order to make money. 为了赚钱他们什么事都做。
③ I walked quietly in order not to wake the children. 为了不吵醒孩子，我走得很轻。
④ In order to catch up with the others, the girl works even harder.
为了赶上其他同学，那女孩学习更加用功了。
★so as to也表示“为了”“以便”之意，相当于in order to，其后跟的是动词原形，否定形式为so as not to，有时so和as to可以分开。如：
① The twin brothers took a taxi so as to be in time for the interview.
为了及时赶上面试，那对双胞胎兄弟乘坐了出租汽车。
② Please take enough money with you so as to buy anything you want.
带上足够的钱以便能买你想要的所有东西。
③ The man searched the room again so as not to leave anything important.
为了防止留下任何重要的东西，那人又搜了一遍房间。
④ The woman went to the bank early so as to be the first one.
＝The woman went to the bank so early as to the first one.
为了赶第一个，那妇女早早就去了银行。
【注】in order to与so as to两者意义基本相同，只是在位置上有所区别，前者不仅可以用于句子中间，也可以用于句子开头，而后者只能用于句子中间。如：
① The child didn’t have his lunch so as to/in order to buy his mother a birthday present.
(此句中两者可以互换)
为了给妈妈买生日礼物那孩子没有吃午饭。
② In order to buy his mother a birthday present, the child didn’t have his lunch.
(此句中只能用in order to)
为了给妈妈买生日礼物那孩子没有吃午饭。
★in order that意为“以便”“为了”，引导目的状语从句。如：
① Bring the picture nearer in order that I can see it clearly.
把照片拿近些以便我能看清楚点。
② I turned on the TV quickly in order that I could see the result of the basketball match.
为了能看到篮球比赛的结果我迅速打开了电视机。
③ Students are carefully preparing for the coming test in order that they can get a good result.
为了能在即将举行的考试中取得好成绩，学生们正认真做准备。
★so that意为“以便”“为了”，也引导目的状语从句，常与may, can, will等连用。如：
① I will give up my claim so that you may have the property.
为了你能获得那价财产我将放弃我的要求。
② Tom got up early so that he could get to school on time.
为了能够准时到校，汤姆起了个大早。
★so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“太……以至于”，so后接形容词或副词，有时可与too…to或enough to互换。如：
① The shoes are so small that I can’t wear them. 这双鞋子小得我都穿不上。
② He was so excited that he could not speak. (＝He was too excited to speak.)
他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。
③ He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation. (＝He was foolish enough to accept her invitation.)
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
④ The mark was so small that I could hardly see it. 那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。
⑤ She was so tired that she didn’t want to eat anything. 她太累了以至于什么也不想吃。
★such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，such后接“形容词+名词”。如：
① It is such bad weather that we can’t go out to play football. (不能说so bad weather)
这样糟糕的天气使我们无法出去踢足球。
② They are such useful books that I want to buy all of them. (不能说so useful books)
它们是非常有用的书，我想把它们都买下来。
【注】“such+a/an+形容词+名词”也可用“so+形容词+a/an+名词”来代替。如：
① It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
＝It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.
天气非常冷，以至于街上没有人。
② It was such an important meeting that everybody was required to attend it.
＝It was so important a meeting that everybody was required to attend it.
会议非常重要，因此要求每个人都要参加。
③ It is such an interesting book that every student likes reading it.
＝It is so interesting a book that every student likes reading it.
这本书这么有趣，以至于每个学生都喜欢看。
【注】“such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that”不能用so结构来代替，但当复数名词或不可数名词前有many, few, much, little(少)修饰时，应用o。如：
① There were so many types that he didn’t know which to choose.
型号太多了，他不知道选哪一种。
② There was so little water that only small children were given some.
水不多了，只给小孩子分了一些。
5. The robot also ironed Mr. Jing’s shirts and made a lunchbox for him every day.
机器人每天也为江先生熨烫衣服和做午餐。
★iron用作动词，意思是“(用熨斗)熨烫(衣服等)”。如：
① This material irons well/easily. 这种材料很好/容易熨。
② I prefer to iron my shirts while they are damp. 我喜欢在衬衫潮湿的时候熨烫它们。
★iron用作名词，意思是“铁”。如：
① It is as hard as iron. 它和铁一样坚硬。
② The gate is made of iron. 这扇大门是用铁做成的。
③ She has a will of iron. 她有钢铁般的意志。
6. As a result, Mr. Jing no longer needed to get up early to do housework and he could stay in bed for an extra hour.
因此，江先生就不再需要很早起来做家务了而且他能在床上多呆一个小时。
★as a result是一个习惯短语，意为“因此”“结果”。如：
① As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week.
结果讨论被推迟到了下星期。
② He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday. As a result he had to be away from school for two or three months.
昨天他从自行车上掉了下来，摔伤了腿。因此他不得不休学两三个月。
③ As a result he was sent away from school. 结果他被赶出了学校。
④ He didn’t practice, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。
⑤ The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤，因此我们没能准时到达。
★as a result of意为“因为”“由于”“……的结果”，用来作状语。如：
① He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall off the horse.
由于他从马上摔了下来，他不能去上班了。
② He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致的。
③ As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 由于得到了警告，因此没有人受伤。
★result用作名词，意为“结果”“效果”“后果”“比赛的结果”“(考试)成绩”等。如：
① The result of the examination was quite unexpected. 考试的结果令人完全难以想像。
② I was late, with the result that I missed my train. 我迟到了，结果没能赶上火车。
③ All our hard work produced little or no result. 我们的艰苦劳动没有多少结果。
④ We worked hard all day, but without any result. 我们整天努力工作，但没有多少效果。
⑤ The result of the match was a draw. 这场比赛的结果是平局。（不分胜负）
⑥ I heard the football results on the radio. 我在广播中听到了足球比赛的结果。
★result用作动词，意为“发生”“产生”，与介词in连用，意为“导致”“引起(某种结果)”“使……获得某种结果”。如：
① Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力终于成功了。
② The talk resulted in getting on well with each other. 那次谈话使得双方和好了。
③ The accident resulted in three deaths. 那次事故导致了三人死亡。
④ His careless speech resulted in much argument. 他发言过于草率，因而引起许多争议。
★result用作动词，与from连用，意为“由……造成”“因……产生”，from后是产生的原因。如：
① Sickness often results from eating too much. 疾病是由于吃得过多所引起的。
② The accident resulted from your carelessness. 这次事故是由于你的粗心所引起的。
③ His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
他的失败是由于他工作不够努力所导致的。
④ His injuries resulted from a fall. 他的伤是因摔倒所致。
7. no longer, not…any longer与no more, not…any more
★no longer相当于not…any longer，意为“不再”，通常用来指某一动作的不再延续或发生。如：
① We can no longer stay here. ＝We can’t stay here any longer.
我们不能再呆在这里了。
② John was no longer a thief. ＝John was not a thief any longer.
约翰不再是一个小偷了。
③ She could no longer go to school. ＝She couldn’t go to school any longer.
她不能再去上学了。
④ He was no longer working there. ＝He was not working there any longer.
他不再在那里工作了。
⑤ Tom no longer bought picture-books. ＝Tom didn’t buy picture-books any longer.
汤姆不再买图画书了。
【注】no longer或not置于句首时，句子须部分倒装。如：
① No longer did he come here after we quarreled.
＝Not did he come here any longer after we quarreled.
我们吵架之后他再也没来过这儿。
★no more相当于not…any more，意为“不再”，大多用来修饰终止性动词。如：
① He drank no more after that accident. ＝He didn’t drink any more after that accident.
那次事故之后他不再喝酒了。
② Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more.
失去了的时间不会再回来。
③ He phones me no more. = He doesn’t phone me any more.
他不再给我打电话了。
④ I have seen him no more since he left here.
= I haven’t seen him any more since he left here.
自从他离开这儿，我再也没见过他。
★no more后跟倒装句，意为“也不”。no more还可作表语，表示人或物“不存在了”，语气比dead要委婉。如：
① He can’t afford a new car, and no more can I. 他买不起一辆新汽车，我也买不起。
② He is very ill. I am afraid that he will soon be no more.
他病得很重，恐怕将不久于人世了。
③ The ancient city of Trojan is no more.
古代的特洛伊城现在已不复存在。
8. extra一词的用法
★extra用作形容词，意思是“额外的”“外加的”“附加的”。如：
① They can get extra pay for extra work. 他们额外的工作能够得到额外的报酬。
② The bus company provided extra buses because there were so many people.
因为人太多，公交公司加开了公交车。
③ The football match went into extra time. 足球赛进入了加时赛。
④ They said they were going to give us one extra song.
他们说他们将给我们再唱一支歌。
⑤ I don’t suppose they wanted any extra help.
我认为他们不需要额外的帮助。
★extra也可以作名词，意思是“额外的事物”“额外收费的事物”。如：
① Her bill for extra was $ 30. 她的额外费用是30美元。
② The dinner cost ￡80 without any extras. 这顿饭花了80英镑，不需要任何额外费用。
③ Her school fees are $ 440 a term, music and dancing are extras.
她的学费是每学期440美元，音乐课和舞蹈课额外收费。
9. While Mr. Jiang was at work, the robot would clean his flat.
当江先生上班时机器人就会打扫房间。
★while用作连词，意为“当……的时候”，常用来表示一段较长时间或一个过程，不能用来表示某一个时间点，强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生。如：
① While the discussion was still going on, George came in.
当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。
② He had an accident while he came here. 他来这儿的时候，在路上出了事。
③ She always phones while we are having lunch. 她总是在我们吃饭时打电话来。
④ He called while I was out. 我不在家的时候，他来访了。
【注】当while从句中的主语和主句中的主语相同，并含有be动词时，while从句中的主语和be动词可以一起省略。如：
① While (he was) listening to the radio, he fell asleep. 他在听收音机时睡着了。
② While (he was) going to school, he met a friend. 上学时，他遇到了一位朋友。
★while用作并列连词，意为“而”“然而”，连接一个并列句，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。如：
① Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。
② I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars.
我一个星期只赚50美元，而她却赚80美元。
③ Some people are very rich while others are very poor.
有的人很富，而有的人却很穷。
④ I’m interested in sports while my sister is fond of music.
我对体育感兴趣，而我妹妹爱好音乐。
⑤ There’re plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
【注】while在这种用法中，两个句子的主语通常不是同一个主语，如是同一个主语时，用but表示转折。如：
① I like sports but I don’t like music. 我喜欢体育但我不喜欢音乐。
★while用作连词，还可表示“虽然”“尽管”，相当于although，表示让步。如：
① While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
尽管我明白你的话，我却不能同意你的观点。
② While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
★while用作连词，意为“只要”，相当于as long as，表示条件。如：
① While there is water, there is life. 只要有水，就有生命。
② While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
③ We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
只要我们紧密地团结一致，一定能克服这些困难。
【注】while, when以及as的区别
★当从句中的谓语动词表示持续性动作时，我们可以用while, when或as。如：
① While/When/As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行前面停着一辆警车。
② While/When/As we dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
③ Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially while/when/as father was away in France.
母亲担心的是因为小艾丽丝病了，特别是当父亲远在法国的时候。
④ While/When/As he was at college, he studied hard. 他在大学时，学习很努力。
★当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时，用when，不可用while或as。如：
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?
你已经找到了如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？（get为瞬间动词）
② Sorry, I was out when you called me.
对不起，你打电话时我刚好不在家。（call为瞬间动词）
③ When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
当我才刚停下车，就有个人向我走来。（stop为瞬间动词）
★当要表示“就在那时”“就在这时”，即at that/this moment或and then的意思时，要用when，不能用while或as。且引起的句子一般放在句尾。如：
① He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 他正要离开，忽然电话铃响了。
② We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out. 我们正在看电视,突然灯灭了。
③ They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。
④ He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
★while和as从句中的动作必须是和主句中的动作同时发生。而when从句中的动作可以在主句中的动作之前、之后或同时发生。如：
① When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
你做完了作业可以休息。（finished的动作先发生）
② When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。（got to的动作后发生）
★当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着……”“一边……，一边……”之意。如：
① As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
② The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走一边唱。
③ As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
★当从句中的时间表示将来时，常用when引导，且从句须用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替将来时。如：
① When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，经理来这儿参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
② You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
10. After dinner, the robot would wash the dishes and Mr Jiang could relax and watch his favourite TV programmes.
饭后，机器人会洗碗筷，而江先生可以放松一下，看他最喜爱的电视节目。
★relax用作动词，意思是“放松”“（使）放松”。如：
① Forget your worries and relax. 忘记你的烦恼，放松自己。
② Let’s stop working and relax for half an hour. 让我们停止工作，放松半小时。
③ Relax and enjoy yourself. 放松些，痛痛快快地玩。
④ He needed a good book to relax himself. 他需要一本书来调节自己。
★relaxed是relax的形容词形式，意思是“轻松的”“放松的”。如：
① He is feeling relaxed now. 他现在觉得很轻松。
② A relaxed atmosphere made me feel better. 轻松的气氛使我感觉好多了。
③ He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.
他躺在阳光下，看上去很轻松愉快。
11. asleep, sleepy和sleep的用法
★asleep用作形容词，意思是“睡着的”，表示一种状态，在句子中一般作表语，不能放在名词的前面作定语。如：
① He was very tired and soon fell asleep. 他很疲劳，不久就睡着了。
② He seems to be fast asleep. 他似乎睡得很香。
③ He was asleep with his head on his arm. 他把头枕在手臂上睡着了。
★sleepy也是形容词，意思是“困的”“欲睡的”，在句子中既可以作定语修饰名词，也可以作表语。如：
① This is a small sleepy village. 这是一个宁静的小村庄。
② She always has a sleepy expression. 她总是没有精神。
③ I’m sleepy. I want to go to sleep. 我困了，要去睡觉了。
★sleep既可以用作动词也可用作名词，意思是“睡觉”。如：
① He slept very badly. 他睡眠很不好。
② Don’t wake him up. Let him sleep on. 别叫醒他。让他继续睡吧。
③ As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 他睡着的时候做了一个梦。
④ He was very tired and soon got to sleep. 他很疲劳，不久就睡着了。
⑤ She fell into a deep sleep. 她睡熟了。
12. Mr Jiang was very happy with his robot. 江先生对他的机器人感到很满意。
★be happy with意为“对……感到满意”。如：
① She is not happy with her present job. 她对现在的工作并不满意。
② He was not happy with your explanation. 他对你的解释不满意。
③ I’m not very happy with what you have done. 我不是很满意你的所作所为。
★be pleased with和be satisfied with都可表示“对……满意”的意思，与be happy with同义。如：
① She was pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间很满意。
② My parents aren’t at all pleased with me at the moment. 目前父母对我很不满意。
③ He was looking very pleased with himself, so I knew he had passed the test.
他看上去对自己很满意，所以我知道他已经通过了考试。
④ I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。
⑤ They asked for white wine, but I think they’d be satisfied with red wine.
他们不要喝白葡萄酒，但我想给他们来点红葡萄酒他们也会感到满意的。
⑥ She is satisfied with her son’s progress. 她对她儿子的进步很满意。
13. But then, things started to go wrong. 但是接下来情况就开始出问题了。
★go wrong意为“出毛病”“不对头”“失败”“搞错”“弄错”。如：
① Something has gone wrong with the engine. 发动机出毛病了。
② Everything has gone wrong today. 今天事事不对劲。
③ All our plans went wrong. 我们所有的计划都失败了。
④ If you read the instructions, you will see where you went wrong.
你要是看一下说明书就知道你错在哪儿了。
⑤ I’m afraid we’ve gone wrong. We should have taken the other road.
我们恐怕走错了路。我们应该走另外那条路。
14. The robot caught a virus and caused a lot of problems.
这个机器人感染了病毒，产生了许多问题。
★caught用作动词，意为“感染”“患病”。如：
① He caught a cold. 他感冒了。
② My computer has caught a virus. 我的计算机感染了病毒。
③ I’ve got a terrible cold. I must have caught it from someone at work.
我得了重感冒，准是从我同事那儿传染的。
④ She caught a fever so she couldn’t go to school.
她发烧了，所以不能去上学。
★catch用作动词，可表示“捉住”“逮住”“钩住”“截住”。如：
① The policeman has caught the murderer alive. 警察已把凶手活捉。
② Yesterday he caught some fish. 昨天他抓到了几条鱼。
③ A nail caught her dress. 一枚钉子钩住了她的衣服。
④ Hank was caught in the earthquake. 汉克被地震所困。
⑤ I threw the ball to him and he caught it. 我把球扔给他，他接住了。
★catch用作动词，还可表示“赶上”“赶到”的意思。如：
① He didn’t appear at the meeting, because he didn’t catch the train.
他没来开会是因为他没赶上火车。
② He caught the bus into town. 他坐公共汽车去城里。
③ We arrived just in time to catch the beginning of the film. 我们刚好赶上电影开场。
④ I ran to catch the last bus. 我跑着去赶最后一班车。
★catch用作动词，还可表示“听清楚”“理解”“领会”的意思。如：
① Sorry, I didn’t catch you just now. 对不起，我刚才没听清楚你说什么。
② I’m sorry, I didn’t catch what you said. 很抱歉，我没有听懂你的话。
③ I don’t quiet catch the idea. 我不十分明白那意思。
④ I don’t catch the meaning of this sentence. 我不理解这个句子的意思。
★“catch + sb. + doing”意为“偶然撞见”“发觉”。如：
① I caught him stealing. 我发现他在偷东西。
② The teacher caught him sleeping in the class. 老师发觉他在上课时打瞌睡。
③ I caught him taking a pen from my pencil-box. 我碰巧撞见他从我的铅笔盒里拿钢笔。
【注】catch构成的常用短语有catch up with意为“赶上”，后接人或事；catch sight of意为“看见”；catch hold of意为“抓住”。如：
① He was walking very fast and I had to run to catch up with him.
他走得很快，我要连走带跑才赶得上他。
② Go on ahead, I’ll soon catch up with you. 请你先走，我很快就会赶上来。
③ Work hard and you will catch up with the others. 努力学，你会赶上其他人的。
④ I caught sight of the man at the end of the street. 我在这条街的尽头见到了那个人。
⑤ Please catch hold of the rope. 请抓住绳子。
⑥ He was caught hold of by the arm. 他被抓住了手臂。
15. While Mr. Jiang was at work, the robot would knock things over.
江先生在工作的时候，机器人会把东西撞倒。
★knock sth. /sb. over意思是“撞倒/撞翻某物或某人”。如：
① You’ve knocked over my drink. 你把我的饮料打翻了。
② I’m sorry to knock you over. 非常抱歉，我把你撞倒了。
③ Be careful not to knock over the children. 小心别把孩子们撞倒了。
★knock down意为“击倒”“撞倒”，强调“倒下”，还可表示“拆除”的意思。如：
① He knocked down the thief. 他把小偷打倒了。
② His son was knocked down by a car. 他的儿子被汽车撞倒了。
③ He knocked his match down with a blow. 他一拳把他的对手击倒。
④ He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒了才看见我。
⑤ These old buildings will be knocked down soon. 这几幢老房子很快就要被拆掉了。
★knock用作动词，意为“敲”“击”“碰”。如：
① Be careful not to knock your head when you get up. 起床的时候，小心撞头。
② He knocked the vase onto the floor. 他把花瓶碰到了地上。
③ Someone is knocking at/on the door. 有人敲门。
④ He knocked (= hit) his head on/against the wall. 他的头撞在了墙上。
⑤ Can you hear somebody knocking at the door? 你听到有人在敲门吗？
★knock用作名词时，意为“短促的敲或打(的声音)”“(发动机的)爆震声”“(板球的)一局”，词组take a knock意为“蒙受经济或感情上的打击”。如：
① If you not up by eight o’clock I will give you a knock.
要是8点钟你还不起床，我就来敲你的门。
② He fell off his bike and got a nasty knock. 他从自行车上摔下来，摔得很重。
③ What’s that knock I can hear? 我听到发动机有爆震声是怎么回事啊？
④ That was a good knock: 86 not out. 那局真漂亮，打了86分还未出局。
⑤ She took a bad knock when her husband died. 她丈夫的死使她受到了沉重的打击。
16. When Mr. Jiang got home, he would find his flat in a mess: food was on the floor and his books were in the sink.
江先生到家时，他发现屋子里乱七八糟：食物在地上，他的书在厨房中洗涤槽里。
★mess用作名词，指“脏或乱的状态”。如：
① The kitchen is a mess. 这厨房很脏乱。
② The children have made an awful mess in the room. 孩子们把这房间弄得凌乱不堪了。
③ The spilt milk made a terrible mess on the floor. 洒出的牛奶把地上弄得一塌糊涂了。
★mess用作名词，还可表示“困难或紊乱的状态”“杂乱”的意思。如：
① My life is in real mess. 我的生活真是狼狈。
② You’ve made a mess of the job. 你把你的工作弄得一团糟。
★mess作动词用，意思是“把弄乱”“把弄脏”“胡闹”“瞎逛”等。如：
① Don’t mess you hair. 别把你的头发弄乱了。
② Stop messing about and come and help. 别胡闹了，过来帮帮忙。
③ I love just messing about in the garden. 我就喜欢在花园里闲逛。
17. In the end, Mr. Jiang sent the robot back to the robot shop.
最后，江先生把机器人送回了机器人商店。
★in the end意为“终于”“最后”，表示经过许多变化或周折，最后发生了某事。如：
① He worked hard, and in the end he succeeded. 他努力工作，最后他成功了。
② In the end he won their trust. 最终他赢得了他们的信任。
③ I’m sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end.
我确信，最后一切都会令人满意的。
④ In the end things will mend. 船到桥头自然直。
⑤ We did experiment after experiment, and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.
我们做了一个又一个实验，终于在非洲获得了水稻大丰收。
【注】in the end, at last和finally虽然都译作“最后”“终于”，但他们在使用中是有明显区别的。
in the end表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后发生了某事，也许是期待中的情况，也许是非期待中的情况；而at last仅仅用于表示经过周折、等待或努力出现所期待的结果，不用于出现非期待的结果；finally既可用于表示时间位置，相当于in the end，也可用于表示时间的先后顺序，如同first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next, then, last, lastly等词的用法。试比较：
① He failed the examination three times but in the end/at last/finally he passed.
他三次没有通过考试，但是最后终于通过了。
② My son is at home in the end/at last. 我儿子终于回家了。
③ They did not pay any attention. In the end/finally, I could not bear it.
他们置之不理，最后，我忍无可忍了。（不宜用at last）
④ In the end, I think one must blame these children’s parents.
我想，到后来人们要责怪的还是这些孩子的家长。（不宜用at last）
⑤ Finally, I’d like to thank you all for coming and wish you a safe journey home.
最后，我要感谢诸位的光临，并祝大家回去一路顺风。（不宜用in the end或at last）
★at the end of意为“在……的末了”“在……的一端”。一般说来，at the end of用于表示具体事物或场所，也可以用来表示比喻意。如：
① The school is situated at the end of the street. 该校位于这条街的尽头。
② We’ll have an exam in English at the end of January. 一月底我们要参加英语考试。
③ There is a fountain at the end of garden. 花园的尽头有一个喷水池。
④ At the end of six months he had learned enough to read.
六个月后，他就达到能阅读的程度了。
⑤ They were at the end of their patience. 他们忍无可忍。
★by the end of用于表示时间的场合，往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注意的是，at the end of亦可用于表示时间的场合（如例句②），但其意思与by the end of有所不同，at the end of January意为“一月底(指一月份的最后一天)”，而by the end of January意为“一月底之前(指一月份结束前的几天)”。如：
① We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。
② The project will have been finishing 1/2 by the end of this month.
这个月底我们的工作能完成一半。
③ By the end this month, a new Olympic-standard swimming pool will have been built.
在这个月底，一个新的奥运会级别的游泳池将会建成。
④ By the end of last term, we had studied English for three years.
到上学期结束时，我们已学了三年英语了。
18. The robot was just too much trouble. 机器人实在太麻烦了。
★too much意为“太”，可用作形容词、副词或代词。too much用来修饰不可数名词，在句中作定语，放在不可数名词前；也可用来修饰动词，在句中作状语，放在动词后，还可单独使用，相当于一个代词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：
① I think Americans have too much meat. 我认为美国人肉吃的太多了。
② I have spent too much time on her. 我在她身上花的时间太多了。
③ We have got too much homework to do. 我们有太多的作业要做。
④ It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much. 电视看得太多对你的眼睛有害。
⑤ Too much has been said about this topic. 关于这个话题谈论得太多了。
⑥ It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much. 电视看得太多对你的眼睛有害。
★much too意为“太”“十分”，在句中用作副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。如：
① This paper is much too difficult for students. 这份试卷对学生来说太难了。
② The digital camera is much too expensive. 数码相机太贵了。
③ Let us have a rest. We are much too tired today. 让我们休息一下吧，我们今天太累了。
④ He eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他过多地吃肉，所以胖得过头了。
⑤ Accidents like this happen much too often. 这样的事故发生地太频繁了。
19. trouble一词的用法
★trouble用作名词，意为“烦恼”“困难”“麻烦”“疾病”等。如：
① His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。
② We can read trouble on his face. 从他脸上我们可以看出他正在烦恼。
③ What the trouble? 有什么困难吗？
④ I hope I have not given you any trouble. 我希望没有给您增添麻烦。
⑤ Please tell me about your trouble. 请把你的烦恼告诉我。
⑥ I’ve got back trouble (heart trouble) again. 我的背痛（心脏病）又犯了。
⑦ Thank you for your all trouble. 多谢你费心。
★trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦”“打扰”“使烦恼”。如：
① What’s troubling you? 什么使你心神不定？
② I’m sorry to trouble you, but do you think you could call me back later?
真抱歉麻烦你，请你稍后给我回电话好吗？
③ I’m afraid I must trouble you to come to the office. 我恐怕得麻烦你到办公室来一趟。
④ Can I trouble you with one more question. 我可以再提一个问题麻烦你吗？
⑤ That student sometimes troubled the teacher with difficult questions.
那个学生有时问难答的问题使老师头痛。
⑥ You look troubled; is anything worrying you? 你好像很烦恼，有什么事使你不安吗？
★in trouble意为“处于困境之中”“处于麻烦之中”。如：
① Don’t hesitate to ask me for help when you are in trouble.
有困难时不要不好意思向我求助。
② If I don’t get home by 11 o’clock, I’ll be in trouble.
如果我在11点钟前不能回到家里，就会有麻烦。
③ He was said to be in trouble with the boss. 据说他受到了老板的训斥。
★get into trouble意思为“陷入困境”。如：
① He is always getting into trouble. 他总是遇到麻烦。
② If you don’t take your teacher’s advice, you will get into trouble.
如果你不听老师的忠告，你会陷入麻烦的。
★have trouble in doing sth.意思为“做某事有困难”，此时的trouble相当于difficulty, problem等，其中的in可以省略。如：
① I have some trouble (in) reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有困难。
② We had no trouble (in) finding her house. 我们毫不费力地找到了她家。
③ I have trouble getting the car started. 我没有办法开动车了。
★ask/look for trouble意为“自找麻烦”。如：
① Driving like that he is just asking for trouble. 他那样开车是自找麻烦。
② You must be careful. Don’t look for trouble. 你得小心，不要自找麻烦。
★make trouble意为“惹麻烦”“惹事”。如：
① That boy often makes trouble for his teachers. 那男孩常使老师们感到头痛。
② He often makes trouble for me. 他经常跟我过不去。
③ His son often makes trouble at school. 他儿子在学校经常惹事。
★put sb. to the trouble (of…)意为“麻烦某人”“打扰某人”。如：
① I’m to put you to so much trouble. 对不起，给你添了那么多麻烦。
② I don’t want to put you to trouble of meeting me at the station.
我不想麻烦你到车站去接我。
★take (the) trouble to do/over sth. 意思为“不辞辛劳做某事”。如：
① We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal.
我们一定要感谢你不辞辛劳地为我们做饭。
② He took a lot of trouble over the design. 他花了许多工夫设计这份图样。
③ The boss took the trouble to explain the situation to me.
老板特地把情况解释给我听。
★The trouble is (that)…意思为“麻烦是……”“困难在于……”。如：
① The trouble is that he doesn’t have enough money. 困难在于他缺钱。
② The trouble is that we don’t know her address. 麻烦就在于我们不知道她的地址。
③ The trouble is that we can’t understand each other. 困难就在于我们无法相互理解。
★What troubles me is…意为“使我不安的是……”。如：
① What troubles me is that he is suffering from heart trouble.
使我不安的是他患有心脏病。
② What troubles me most is that he didn’t take an umbrella with him in such a rainy day.
最让我不安的是在这样的雨天他没有带伞。
③ What troubles me is that I don’t know how to comfort him.
让我感到不安的是我不知道该怎样安慰他。
19. the process of washing clothes洗衣服的过程
★process用作名词，意为“过程”“进程”“步骤”“流程”“做事方法”。如：
① China has begun the difficult process of reforming the education system.
中国已经开始了教育制度改革的艰难历程。
② I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.
做任何改革恐怕都会是个缓慢的过程。
③ We’re in the process of selling our house. 我们正在出售自家的住宅。
④ People are afraid of the ageing process. 人们害怕自己的老化过程。
⑤ It’s a normal part of the learning process. 那是学习过程中的正常现象。
⑥ The Middle East peace process is going on slowly. 中东和平进程进展缓慢。
⑦ The producing process of this kind of machines is easy to master.
这种机器的制造方法不难掌握。
★process用作动词，表示“加工”“冲印（照片）”“处理”或“审阅”“审核”“处理（文件、请求等）”。如：
① Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。
② We sell processed cheese. 我们销售加工好的干酪。
③ I sent three rolls of film away to be processed. 我送了三个胶卷去冲印。
④ That is the biggest sewage processing plant in the city.
那是这个城市最大的污水处理厂。
⑤ It will take a week for your application to be processed.
审核你的申请需要一周时间。
21. made clothes smooth with an iron 用熨斗把衣服熨平整
★smooth用作形容词，意为“平整的”“平滑的”“光滑的”。如：
① It feels very smooth. 它摸上去很平整。
② She makes her clothes smooth with an iron every evening.
她每天晚上都把自己的衣服熨烫平整。
③ The sea was smooth. 海上风平浪静。
④ The piece of wood is very smooth. 这块木板非常光滑。
⑤ The baby’s skin is very smooth. 婴儿的皮肤非常光滑。
★smooth用作形容词，还要表示“平稳的”“顺利的”。如：
① He brought the car to a smooth stop. 他把汽车稳地煞住。
② Our plan made a smooth landing. 我们乘坐的飞机平稳地降落了。
③ Our trip to Beijing was very smooth. 我们的北京之行一帆风顺。
④ The process in this matter has not been smooth. 这件事的进展不大顺利。
★smooth用作动词，意为“弄平”“使光滑”“使平顺”。如：
① She smoothed her dress. 她把衣服捋平。
② The sea has smoothed down. 海上风平浪静。
③ Don’t forget to smooth down the board before you apaint it.
刷油漆之前别忘了把木板弄平滑。
④ He is smoothing the soil in a flower bed. 他在平整花圃的泥土。
★smoothly用作副词，意为“顺利地”“平滑地”。如：
① The lift didn’t work smoothly. 这电梯运转得不顺畅。
② My work has been going quite smoothly. 我的工作进展得很顺利。
22. Will a robot bring any bad changes to your life?
机器人会给你的生活带来一些不好的改变吗？
★bring用作动词，意为“带来”“取来”或者“带……到某处”，强调从别处拿到说话者处，常用bring sth. to sb.和bring sb. sth.结构。如：
① Please bring me that book. 请把那本书拿给我。
② Don’t forget to bring her some flowers. 不要忘记给她带些花来。
③ They didn’t bring any present to the boy when they came on that day.
那天他们来时没有给这男孩带任何礼物。
④ Did you bring your photos to your friends?
你把你的照片给你的朋友带来了吗？
★bring用作动词时，有“能售得（某一价格）”“能产生（收入、收益）”的意思。如：
① The old car will bring about ￡10. 这辆旧车大约可卖十英镑。
② His writing brought him lots of money last year. 去年写作为他赚了很多钱。
★bring用作动词时，还有“导致”“引起”的意思。如：
① The bad news brought tears to his eyes. 坏消息使他不禁流下了眼泪。
② The opening brought many changes. 开放引起了许多变化。
【注】bring, take, fetch, get和carry的异同。这五个词都可以作“拿”“取”“带”解，其区别重要在于：bring指从别处向说话人所在位置或地方拿，多译作“取来”“拿来”；take指从说话人处“将……拿(带)走”；fetch和get基本相同，都表示专程“去某处将……拿(带)来”，其中get较口语化；carry没有方向性，但含有负重的含义，可以理解为“扛”“背”“提”等。如：
① Remember to bring your homework next time. 下次记住把家庭作业带来。
② Take away the empty box and bring me a full one.
把这只空盒子拿走，给我拿一盒满的来。
③ I still remember being taken to Taiwan by my uncle when I was very young.
我仍然记得在我很小的时候叔叔带我去台湾的情景。
④ He took his coat and left. 他拿了自己的外套后离去。
⑤ The chair is in the garden, please fetch it. 椅子在院里，请把它搬来。
⑥ He was sent to the office to fetch the paper. 他被派去办公室拿文件了。
⑦ May I get a cup of tea for you? 可以给你拿杯茶吗？
⑧ You’d better get the child along to a hospital. 你最好送那孩子去医院。
⑨ Could you carry these books to your classroom? 你们能够把这些书拿到教室里去吗？
⑩ The bus can carry more than 80 people. 这公共汽车能够载八十多人。
23. Some changes are good but some are not. 有些变化是好的，但有些并不好。
★change用作可数名词，意为“改变”“变化”“变换”“替换物”。如：
① Did you see the change of his expression? 你看到他表情的变化了吗？
② I want to make a change in the plan. 你想把计划作一点改变。
③ There have been many changes in the village since I lived there as a boy.
自从我孩提时代住在那儿以来，这村子经过了许多变迁。
④ There was little change in his living condition. 他的生活境况没有多大变化。
⑤ Let’s go to a restaurant for a change. 我们去饭馆换换口味吧。
⑥ Take two changes of clothes with you. 带两套换洗的衣服。
★change用作不可数名词，意为“零钱”“找的钱”。如：
① I have no change with/on/about me. 我身边没零钱。
② Can you give me change for a one-pound note? 你能替我换一镑零钱吗？
③ He needs some change for a phone. 他需要零钱打电话。
④ Here is your change, sir. 先生，这是找给你的钱。
★change用作动词，意为“改变”“变(换)”。如：
① He wants to change his job. 他想换一份工作。
② I’m sorry I have changed my mind. 对不起，我已经改变主意了。
③ The wind has changed its direction. 风向变了。
④ Can I change seats with you? 我可以和你换换座位吗？
⑤ You have changed a lot since I last saw you. 自从我上次看到你以来，你的变化很大。
⑥ The traffic light changed from red to green. 交通灯从红色变成了绿色。
★change…into…意为“变成”“使变成”，该短语中change可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。介词into表示从一种状态或形态变成另一种状态或形状。如：
① Can you change the sentence into a question? 你能把这个句子变成问句吗？
② He wanted to change RMB into dollars. 他想把人民币换成美金。
③ The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 次日早晨，水结成了冰。
④ My hometown has changed into a beautiful modern city.
我的家乡已变成了一个美丽的现代化城市。
24. So can you stay in bed for a bit longer? 如此说来你能在床上多呆一会儿吗？
★stay用作不及物动词，意为“停留”“逗留”。如：
① Stay in your classroom until it is time to go home.
在教室里一直呆到你们该回家的时间。
② He stayed with his father while he was ill. 当他生病时，他和父亲待在一块儿。
③ The doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.
医生告诉他，病人还得在医院住两个星期。
④ Won’t you stay for supper? 留下来吃晚饭好吗？
⑤ I’m not staying at a hotel; I’m staying with friends.
我没有住旅馆，我住在朋友家。
【注】表示“住旅馆”时常说stay at/in a hotel，而不宜说live at/in a hotel。
★stay用作连系动词，意为“持续不变”“保持”，其后通常接形容词、介词短语等作表语。如：
① You can’t expect to stay young forever. 你不能期望永远年轻。
② He still stays single. 他仍然是单身。
③ The shop stays open till 6 pm. 商店开门到下午六点。
④ The patient’s temperature stayed around 40℃。 病人的体温持续在40摄氏度左右。
⑤ What a lovely day! I hope it’ll stay fine. 多好的天啊！我希望能一直晴下去。
★stay out是一个习惯短语，意为“留在外面”“在外过夜”。如：
① Don’t stay out. It’s dangerous. 不要呆在外面，太危险了。
② Her mother was worried when she stayed out so late.
她这么晚不回家，她的母亲非常担忧。
★stay up意为“熬夜”“通宵不睡”。如：
① Don’t stay up too late. It’s bad for your health. 不要熬夜太晚，这对你身体不好。
② We sometimes let the children stay up late. 有时我们让孩子们晚一点睡。
★stay away意为“远离某人或某物”，常与from连用。如：
① Stay away from my daughter! 离我的女儿远点。
② She was ill and stayed away from school for two days. 她病了，两天没上学。
★stay in意为“呆在家里”。如：
① In the evenings, we usually stay in and read. 晚上我们通常呆在家里看书。
② I won’t go out today; I’ll stay in and work. 今天我不出去了，我留在家里工作。
★stay用作名词，意为“停留”时是可数名词，但通常用单数形式，表示在某地的停留期间，其前可用介词during，一般不用in。如：
① He had a short stay here. 他曾在这里短期停留过。
② I went to see my aunt during my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期间，我去看了我姑姑。
25. a bit与a little的用法比较
★a bit和a little用在肯定句中修饰形容词或副词时可通用，表示“一点”，“有些”。如：
① It’s a bit/a little cold today. 今天有点冷。
② He’s a bit/a little tried. 他有点疲倦。
③ This pair of shoes is a bit/a little too large for me. 这双鞋我穿有点大。
★然而not a bit和not a little的意思完全相反。not a bit表示“一点也不”；not a little表示“非常”，相当于very。如：
① I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不疲倦。
② I’m not a little tired. 我非常疲倦。
★用a bit of或a little修饰不可数名词，表示“少量的”“一点”。如：
① Please give me a bit of/a little bread. 请给我一点面包。
② Please lend me a bit of/a little money. 请借给我一些钱。
【注】a little of后面的名词一般为特指，表示“……中的一些”。如：
① May I have a bit of/a little of your ink? 用一点你的墨水好吗？
26. laugh一词的用法
★laugh用作动词，意为“笑”“大笑”。如：
① His joke made everyone laugh. 他讲的笑话使得人人都笑了。
② They all laughed to themselves. 他们都暗自发笑。
③ Her eyes are laughing. 他的眼里露出笑意。
④ It’s was so funny that we couldn’t stop laughing.
这太好笑了，我们忍不住大笑起来。
⑤ Nobody laughs at his jokes. 没有人听了他的笑话而发笑。
★laugh out loud意为“放声大笑”。如：
① They all laughed out loud when they heard his story.
听了他的故事后，他们都放声大笑起来。
② Don’t laugh out loud. They are having a meeting. 不要大声笑，他们在开会。
★laugh at somebody意为“嘲笑某人”“讥笑某人”，是贬义的短语。如：
① Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble. 不要嘲笑处于困境的人。
② She is not afraid to laugh at herself. 她不怕自我解嘲。
③ It’s not polite to laugh at others. 嘲笑别人是不礼貌的。
④ Don’t laugh at him. He can’t help the way he speaks.
别笑他，他实在改不掉那样的说话方式。
★laugh用作名词，意为“笑声”“笑”。如：
① He said with a short laugh. 他笑了笑说。
② Her jokes got a lot of laughs. 她的笑话博得了不少笑声。
③ We all had a good laugh at what he had written. 他写得东西叫我们笑得很开心。
④ His story raised a laugh in the whole class. 他的故事使得全班笑起来。
27. Miss you. 思念你。
★miss用作及物动词，意为“相念”“思念”。如：
① We’ll miss you very much if you move. 如果你搬家，我们会很想念你的。
② We’ve missed you badly since you left. 你走之后，我们都非常想念你。
③ What did you miss most when you lived abroad? 你在国外生活的时候最怀念的是什么?
★miss用作动词，表示“错过”“没赶上”。如：
① You can’t afford to miss meals when you are in training.
你在接受训练时，可不能不吃饭啊。
② She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她说她没有见着你很遗憾。
③ She regretted having missed the film. 她后悔没看上那场电影。
④ I’m afraid we have missed the point. 恐怕我们没有抓住要点。
⑤ His house is on the left side at the end of the road, so you can’t miss it.
他的房子在道路尽头的左边，所以你不会看不见的。
★miss用作动词，意为“漏掉”“没打中”“没接住”。如：
① He shot at the bird but missed. 他向鸟开枪，但是没有打中。
② I threw the ball to him but he missed it. 我把球扔给他，但他没有接着。
③ You have missed out one word. 你漏掉了一个字。
★missing用作形容词，意为“丢失的”“下落不明的”。如：
① He is said to be missing. 据说他失踪了。
② Is anything else missing? 还有什么东西丢失吗？
③ The little boy has been missing from home for two days.
那个小男孩已经失踪两天未归了。
28. Usually, the clauses begin with words such as ‘when’, ‘since’, ‘because’ and ‘where’.
通常，这些从句都以 ‘when’, ‘since’, ‘because’和 ‘where’此类词开头。
★usually用作副词，意为“通常地”“平常地”“惯常地”。如：
① What time do you usually get up? 你平常什么时候起床？
② I am not usually so late. 我平时并不来得这么迟。
③ The baby usually wakes up at six. 这婴儿通常六点醒来。
④ Usually, they go out on Sundays. 他们通常星期天外出。
★usual用作形容词，意为“通常的，惯常的”，用来指事物，含有“由于长时间没有变化而形成了一种习惯或制度”之意，其反义词为unusual。如：
① He arrived later than usual. 他到得比平时晚。
② It is usual for him to sit up late at night. 他对熬夜已习以为常。
③ I sat in my usual seat. 我坐在惯常坐的座位上。
④ It’s a usual thing with him. 这对他来说是平常事。
★as usual是一个习惯短语，意为“跟往常一样”“像平常一样”“照例”。如：
① As usual, he had forgotten something. 他跟往常一样又忘了什么东西。
② As usual, Mark was the last to arrive. 跟往常一样，马克是最后一个到的。
③ He works very hard as usual. 他跟往常一样努力工作。
29. begin with的用法
★ begin with意为“以……开始”“以……开头”。如：
① The meeting began with a song. 那次会议是以一首歌开始的。
② This word begins with “L”. 这个单词以“L”开头。
③ A year begins with January. 一年开始于1月。
④ The story began with a plane crash. 这个故事以一宗飞机坠毁事件为开始。
★to begin with意为“首先”“第一”，主要指当说话或写作时有几个观点要表述，可以按顺序优先依次用to begin with, secondly等来表示。
① It can’t be done. To begin with, there’s no time to plan it, and secondly, we haven’t got enough men.
这事无法做。首先，没有时间制定计划；第二，人手不够。
② We can’t possibly go. To begin with, it’s too far and we can’t afford it either.
我们不可能去。一来那里太远了；二来我们也没有那么多钱。
③ I am not going. To begin with I have no ticket, and secondly I don’t like this play.
我不去。一来我没有票，二来我不喜欢这部戏。
④ I can’t come. To begin with, I have no time. Besides, I don’t feel well.
我不能来。第一是没有时间；其次是因为身体不太舒服。
★to begin with意为“起初”“开始”，相当于at first。如：
① To begin with, we had very little support. 开始时，我们几乎没有多少支持。
② To begin with he had no money, but later he became quite rich.
开始时他没有钱，后来他相当富有了。
③ To begin with, the weather was bad, but it improved later in the week.
这周开始天气很差，但后来好转了。
★begin by意为“以某种方式开始”。如：
① The teacher began by telling a joke. 老师上课前先讲了个笑话。
② I should like to begin by thanking everybody for coming. 首先，我想谢谢各位光临。
③ I began by explaining the situation. 我以解释情况作为开始。
30. Do not try to repair the robot yourself unless you are an expert.
如果你不是内行的话，你就别设法自己去修机器人。
★try to do的意思是“尽力去做(某事)”，相当于try one’s best to do。如：
① We tried to stop him smoking in bed, but he would not do it.
我们大家试图阻止他在床上吸烟，但他就是不听。
② Of course the exercises are difficult, but you must try to do them by yourself.
当然这些练习是很难的，但你必须设法独立完成。
③ He tried to pass the exam, but failed. 他尽力想通过考试，但是没能及格。
④ Please try to be home by eleven o’clock. 请尽量在十一点之前回家。
⑤ I tried hard not to laugh when I saw his new haircut.
看到他新理的头发时，我强忍着才没笑出来。
★try doing表示“试着做(某事)”。如：
① If the car won’t start, try pushing it. 如果车发动不起来就试着推推它。
② Try putting the aerial over there－it might work better.
试试将天线放在那里--可能效果会好点。
③ If you can’t turn the key, try putting some oil in the lock.
如果你转不动钥匙，试着往锁里倒点油。
④ If it doesn’t work this way, why not try doing it another way?
如果这样不行的话，为什么不试着用另一种方法来做呢？
⑤ If something gets into your eye(s), try washing with cool boiled water as soon as possible.
如果遇到异物不慎进入眼里，尽快试着用凉开水冲洗。
【注】try to do是指“试图”“想要”“设法”“努力”去做某事，不强调结果，其结果可能完成（或成功），也可能没完成；而manage to do则表示“设法而且完成了（某件困难的事）”，且manage后只跟动词不定式。如：
① I managed to get what I wanted. 我设法得到了我想要的东西。
② Finally we managed to get there in time. 最终我们设法按时到了那儿。
③ How do you manage to stay so slim? 你是如何把身体保持得这么苗条的？
④ He managed to get the work done with very little help.
他在几乎没有帮助的情况下设法完成了工作。
⑤ He tried to escape from the fire, but couldn’t find the fire escapes.
他企图逃出火海，但找不到太平梯。（没成功）
⑥ He managed to escape from the fire, though hardly hurt.
尽管受了重伤，他还是设法逃离了火海。（成功了）
31. There is no need to send your robot back to the shop every year.
没有必要每年都把机器人送回商店。
★There’s no need for you to thank me可说成It’s not necessary for you to thank me，意思是“你不必谢我”。Need在这里是名词，表示“必要”“义务”，常用于There’s no need (for sb.) to do…句型，注意这里名词need后面用不定式作定语，而不用动词-ing形式。再如：
① There’s no need for you to come (= You don’t have to come) if you don’t want to.
如果你不想来，就不必来。
② There’s no need to hurry. We have still got a few minutes left.
不必匆忙，我们还有几分钟时间呢。
★名词need作“需要”“需求”解。如：
① He’s badly in need of a room to live in. 他急需一间房子居住。
② There’s a growing need for food in this area. 这一地区对食品的需要在增长。
③ They supplied all our needs. 他们向我们提供了一切需要的东西。
④ A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
⑤ We are collecting money for families in need (= poor families).
我们在为贫困家庭募捐。
【注】need可作情态动词或实义动词。在疑问句中，既可说Need he come?也可说Does he need to come? 在否定句中，既可说He needn’t come也可说He doesn’t need to come; 在陈述句中，need后面只能接不定式，不能用作情态动词，只能说He needs to come，不能说He need come。
【注】当我们说I didn’t need to go there时，其含义可能是So I didn’t go there，也可能是But I went there。
9B Unit 2 Robots（2）
第二单元 机器人
32. Unless you want a longer battery life, you can keep your robot switched on all the time.
如果你想缩短电池使用时间，你可以让你的机器人一直开着。
★switch on意为“打开”“接通电源”，相当于turn on。如：
① Please switch the radio on. I want to listen to the news.
请把收音机打开。我想听一下新闻。
② Switch on the light, please. It’s dark here. 请打开灯，这里太暗了。
③ Please switch it on if you want to watch TV. 如果你想看电视，请把它打开。
★switch off意为“关闭”“关掉电源”，相当于turn off。如：
① The TV made a loud noise. Please switch it off.
这电视机发出的声音太吵闹了，请把它关掉。
② Switch off the TV when you are doing your homework. 做作业时，把电视关了。
③ Don’t forget to switch off the cooker. 别忘了关掉炉子。
★switch用作动词，意为“转变”“改变”“交换”。如：
① Don’t switch the subject of our conversation. 不要转移我们谈话的主题。
② They switched the light from green to red. 他们把绿灯换成了红灯。
③ He is always switching from one job to another. 他老是在变换工作。
④ The match has been switched from Saturday to Sunday. 比赛从星期六改到星期天进行。
★switch用作名词，意为“开关”“电闸”“改变”。如：
① I want to buy a light switch. 我想买一个电灯开关。
② Please turn off the switch. 请关掉开关。
③ There is a switch in the timetable. 时间表作了一个变更。
33. all the time等词组的用法
★all the time意为“一直”“一向”“向来”，强调在某一段时间内一直做某事。如：
① They are talking all the time. 他们一直在不停地交谈。
② The baby kept crying all the time. 那婴儿一直在不停地哭。
③ I looked everywhere for my keys and they were in the door all the time.
我到处找钥匙，没想到钥匙一直插在门上。
★at times = sometimes，意为“有时”“间或”。如：
① The tide is, at times, very high. 潮水有时会涨得很高。
② At times he is late for work. 有时候他上班迟到。
③ At times I go out to the beach. 有时候我到海滩去。
【注】times还要表示“时代”“时期”的意思。如：
① Work hard, or you will fall behind the times. 努力学习，不然你就会落后时代。
② Don’t worry about me. I’ll go with the times. 不要担心我，我会随大流。
③ He is one of the best writers of the times. 他是当代最伟大的作家之一。
④ Times are hard for the unemployed. 失业者的日子很难熬。
⑤ Computers are used in every field in modern times. 在现代电脑运用于各个领域。
⑥ Women were looked down upon in the ancient times. 妇女在古代受到歧视。
★at one time意为“从前”“曾经”。如：
① At one time there were not so many cars in the street. 从前街上没有那么多汽车。
② We were good friends at one time, but now we are not.
我们曾经是好朋友，但现在不是了。
★at a time意为“依次”“逐一”“每次”。如：
① We can’t do two things at a time. 我们不能一次做两件事。
② He slept for hours at a time. 他一次睡了几个小时。
③ The doctor asked me to take the bills two at a time. 医生叫我每次服两粒药。
★at the same time意为“同时”“但是”“然而”。如：
① Don’t all speak at the same time. 大家别同时说。
② She was laughing and crying at the same time. 他一面笑一面哭。
③ This is a difficult problem, at the same time it is very interesting.
这是个困难的问题，但却非常有趣。
④ It is expensive. At the same time, I think it is useful. 它很贵，但我认为它很实用。
★ahead of time意为“提前”。如：
① They finished the work ahead of time. 他们提前完成了任务。
② He handed in his paper ahead of time. 他提前交卷了。
③ They arrived ahead of time. 他们提前到达了。
★for the first time意思是“第一次”“首次”，表示有生以来或一段时间中第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。如：
① They talked on the internet for the first time. 他们第一次在网上交谈。
② I saw her at the wedding party for the first time. 我第一次见她是在那次婚宴上。
③ He will go to Tibet for the first time this summer. 今天夏天他将第一次去西藏。
④ They were invited to an important ball for the first time in their life.
他们生平第一次应邀出席一个重要的舞会。
★in time意为“及时”“不太晚”“来得及”。如：
① If you hurry, you’ll be in time for the last bus. 如果你快点，你还能赶上最后一班车。
② He was just in time for the flight. 他刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。
③ She will be back in time to watch the football match. 她还来得及回来观看足球比赛。
★on time意为“准时”“不早不晚”。如：
① The train was on time. 火车很准时。
② He comes to school on time every day. 他每天准时到校。
③ The plane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。
34. Unless you want your robot to go to school with you, we recommend that you keep it at home.
如果你不想让你的机器人和你一起去上学，我们建议你把它留在家里。
★recommend用作动词，意为“建议”，后接从句时，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其中should或would可以省略。如：
① The teacher recommended that we should read the novel. 老师建议我们读那本小说。
② The doctor recommended that I (should) stay a few more days in hospital.
医生建议我在医院多呆几天。
③ Her father recommended that she (would) go there by plane.
她的父亲建议她乘飞机去那时。
【注】recommend sb. to do sth. 意为“劝告/建议某人做某事”。如：
① They recommended us to discuss the question with the others.
他们建议我们和其他人讨论一下这个问题。
② We’d recommend you to book your flight early. 我们建议你早点预订机票。
③ I recommended him to be careful with the work. 我告诉他工作要小心。
④ I’d not recommend you to go there alone. 我建议你不要孤身一人去那儿。
【注】recommend后可接doing，意为“劝告/建议做某事”，相当于recommend sb. to do sth.结构。如：
① I recommend meeting his first. 我建议先去看看他。
② I recommend buying this dictionary. 我建议买这本字典。
③ I recommended walking in the park first before shopping.
我建议先在公园散步，然后去买东西。
★recommend用作动词，还可表示“推荐”“介绍”。如：
① Can you recommend me some books to read? 你能不能给我推荐几本书看？
② You can recommend us another hotel. 你可以给我们再推荐一家旅馆。
③ I’ll go to see the doctor they recommended. 我将去找他们推荐的医生去看病。
④ He recommended this kind of soap to us. 他向我们推荐这种肥皂。
★recommend…for…意为“推荐……作某种用途/做某工作”。如：
① What would you recommend for getting ink stains from my blouse?
你说我用什么可以洗掉我衬衫上的墨水污痕？
② Who do you recommend for this job. 你推荐谁来干这个工作？
③ We recommended her for our monitor. 我们推荐她做我们的班长。
35. copy一词的用法
★copy用作名词，意为“副本”“复制品”“抄写”。如：
① I kept a copy of the letter I wrote. 我留下了一份我写的信的副本。
② The painting isn’t an original, of course, it is only a copy.
这油画当然并非真迹，只是复制品而已。
③ I need three copies of the letter. 这封信我需要三份复印件。
★copy用作动词，意为“制成副本”“抄写”“复写”“模仿”“抄袭”。如：
① Copy this passage in your notebook. 将这一节抄写在你们的笔记本上。
② Watch me and copy what I do. 看着我，照我的样子做。
③ I want you to copy carefully from this model. 我要你仔细地照这个模式仿制。
④ Please copy down his address. 请把他的地址抄下来。
⑤ It is illegal to copy videos. 复制录像带是违法的。
⑥ He was caught copying from his neighbor in the exam.
他被发现考试时抄袭邻座的答案。
36. I’m talking about a robot exhibition, not any other things related to robots.
我在谈论机器人展览会的事，而没有谈任何与机器人有关的事。
★related用作形容词，常与to连用，意为“与……有关的”或“与……有亲戚关系的”。如：
① The fall in the cost of living is directly related to the drop in the oil price.
生活费用下降直接与石油价格下跌有关。
② The related questions will be solved in three weeks.
相关问题会在三个星期后得到解决。
③ I am related to her by my marriage. 我与她有姻亲关系。
★relate用作动词，也常与to连用，可意为“把……联系起来”“叙述”有良好关系等。如：
① The police are still trying to relate these two pieces of evidence.
警方一直试图找出这两个证据的关联。
② I can’t relate what he does to what he says. 我无法将他所做的事和他说的话联系起来。
③ She related to them how it happened. 她给她们讲述事情发生的经过。
④ The two men just can’t relate to each other. 那两个人怎么也合不来。
★relation用作名词，可意为“关系”“亲戚”等。如：
① Relations between the two countries are getting worse.
这两个国家之间的关系正在日益恶化。
② He is a near/disant relation of mine. 他是我的近/远亲。
37. However, I am not at all satisfied with this robot and I would like to get my money back.
但是，我对这台机器人一点也不满意，我想拿回我的钱。
★句子中satisfied是形容词，意思是“满意的”“满足的”，用作表语时，其主语通常是人；也可用作定语，但也只能用来指人。be satisfied with是固定的词组，意思是“对……感到满意”。如：
① I felt quite satisfied after my big meal. 一顿大餐之后我感到很满足。
② I am satisfied with his answer. 我对他的回答感到满意。
③ Are you satisfied with what he said? 你对他所说的话满意吗？
④ He left my room with a satisfied smile. 他带着满意的微笑离开了我的房间。
⑤ He began to smoke a cigarette with a satisfied air. 他开始带着满意的神情抽烟。
★satisfying也是形容词，它的意思是“令人满意的”，通常用来作表语或定语，着重指一件事或一种情况。如：
① This is a satisfying result. 这是一个令人满意的结果。
② The dinner is satisfying. 这顿饭是令人满意的。
★satisfy用作动词，意思是“使满意”“满足”。如：
① Nothing satisfies him. He’s always complaining.
没有什么东西能使他满意，他老是在发牢骚。
② The food satisfied his hunger. 这些食物使他消除了饥饿。
③ She has satisfied the conditions for entering the college.
她已经符合了这所学院的入学条件。