教学重难点：掌握不定式的主动与被动
（一）词汇
consider v. 考虑，认为
词组 consider sth. as/to be
considerate adj. 体贴的，周到的
considerable adj. 相当多的
consideration n. 考虑
take sth. into consideration
means n. 方法
辨析means，way和method
这三个词主要是词组上的区别
by means of doing
in this/that way, the way to do/of doing
with this method
词组 by means of, by all means, by no means
transportation n. 交通运输
transport v.
transport sth. to
board v. 登船，登机
go/ be on board
destination n. 目的地
destined a. 注定的，
be destined to do / for
experience v. n. 经历，经验
vacation n. 假期
vacant a. 空闲的，空缺的
vocation n. 职业，责任，职责
protect v. 保护
辨析protect，preserve，reserve，conserve
protect是“保护，防止…破坏”的意思
preserve是“保存，保留”的意思，意同keep
reserve是“预留，预定”的意思
conserve也有“保护，保留”之意
normal a. 正常的
abnormal a. 不正常的，畸形的
adventurous a. 充满危险的
risky a. 充满危险，风险的
similarity n. 相似，相似处
similar a. 相似
be similar to
be familiar with
particular a. 特别的，特殊的
be particular about/over
separate a. / v. 单独的，使分离/独立
separate…from…
divide…into…
combine v. 混合
combination n. 混合物
a combination of…
as well as 也，和
She sings as well as playing the piano.
He sings as well as she does.
Tom as well as I/me likes the films./ Tom likes the film as well as I do/ me.
as well 也
He can play piano, and he can play violin as well.
（二）本章语法
不定式中的主动与被动
不定式在句子中往往与一定的成分有关，形成不定式的逻辑主语，普通意义上来讲，如果句中不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是主动关系，即用不定式的主动语态，
如：We need somebody to help us.
It’s kind of him to do so.
而句中不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系，即用不定式的被动语态，
如：I hope to be asked.
It is difficult for the lost time to be made up.
The building to be built is a hospital.
但注意：当表示不定式的逻辑宾语性质时，即有修饰它的形容词时，或是不定式的逻辑主语出现时，一般用主动语态来表示被动语态，
如：I hope him to ask me.
The lost time is difficult for us to make up.
The building for us to build is a hospital.
The question is hard to answer.
The clothes are easy to wash.
Math is always interesting to read.
I have an important meeting to attend.
I’ll buy you some interesting books to read.
注意：在there be句式中的普通不定式，主被动均可，
如：There’s much work to do（to be done）.
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）.
There is nothing to write about（to be written about）.
【典型例题】
[例1] The number of his stamps is ______.
A. considering B. considered
C. considerable D. considerate
（答案为C，considerable数量可观的）
[例2] When you want to buy something, you need to take the price into ______.
A. considerable B. considerate
C. consideration D. considering
（答案为C，take sth. into consideration考虑到…）
[例3] ______ what means did he pass the exam?
A. Through B. By C. In D. with
（答案为B，by means用…方法）
[例4] You are late, all the passengers have got ______.
A. boarded B. board C. boarding D. on board
（答案为D，be/go/get on board相当于board the ship/plane）
[例5] She ______ two world wars.
A. experienced B. passed C. covered D. saw
（答案为A，experience经历）
[例6] Do you have any post ______?
A. empty B. vacant C. free D. vacation
（答案为B，vacant空闲的，empty空的，没有的）
[例7] He often spent his ______ in Hawaii.
A. vacation B. vacant C. vocation D. vocational
（答案为A，vacation假期）
[例8] You must ______ a room in a hotel, for there are a lot of tourists at this time each year.
A. protect B. reserve C. preserve D. conserve
（答案为B，reserve预留，预定）
[例9] She isn’t particular ______ food.
A. for B. about C. on D. to
（答案为B，be particular about/over对…挑剔）
[例10] The cake is ______ into eight shares.
A. separated B. divided C. put D. divide
（答案为B，divide…into把…分为…）
[例11] The mountains are very beautiful in summer ______ in winter.
A. and B. or C. as well as D. as well
（答案为C，as well as也，和…一样）
[例12] I have something very important ______ you.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. to be told to D. to say
（答案为A，不定式逻辑主语出现，用主动）
[例13] The man ______ there hasn’t been chosen yet.
A. going B. to go C. gone D. went
（答案为B，不定式表示将来且主动）
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. From her ______ look, we can learn that her performance must be very ______.
A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited
C. excited, excited D. exciting, exciting
2. It was such a ______ job that I really felt ______.
A. tiring, tiring B. tired, tired
C. tiring, tired D. tired, tiring
3. I consider it a great honor ______ to be here.
A. to invite B. to be invited
C. inviting D. to be inviting
4. Teacher Zhao ______ her students has gone to Beijing.
A. and B. as well C. as well as D. together
5. I think I’d like to have a cold drink ______ a hot one.
A. rather than B. in place of
C. in the place of D. instead of
6. Since you have finished it, ______ is no need for me to phone you.
A. it B. there C. that D. this
7. The lecture was so ______ that we were all ______.
A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited
C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting
8. He seemed ______ here for a long time.
A. to live B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to be living
9. - What has made you so upset?
- ______ my new bike.
A. Lost B. Losing C. To lose D. Because I have lost
10. Is it any good ______?
A. to try to explain B. to try explaining
C. trying to explain D. trying explaining
11. You will regret ______ those words.
A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said
12. These plants need ______.
A. to water B. being watered C. to be watered D. watered
13. Would you like to go out with me tonight? ______, it’s up to you.
A. Yes, I’d like to. B. No problem.
C. I’m easy. D. Thank you.
14. What is it ______ made her angry?
A. what B. which C. that D. who
15. In the past the workers were made ______ all day and all night.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
【试题答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5.A 6. B 7. B
8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12.C 13. C 14.C
15. B