Unit 13. the Mystery of the Moonstone
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Background
如果说美国作家爱伦坡开了侦探小说之先河，那么英国作家威尔基柯林斯对侦探小说的贡献，主要表现在以下两个方面：（一）是他把侦探小说从短篇引向长篇。（二）是他首先在侦探小说中塑造了一个职业侦探，并有意识地为现实生活中的侦探树碑立传。
威尔基柯林斯（1824-1889），英国小说家。他生于伦敦，父亲是个风景画家，他早年就读于海堡私立学校，12岁随父母移居意大利，15岁回到英国学习法律，学成后当了律师。1847年，其父逝世，23岁的他尝试写作，第一部作品是记叙其父生平的《威廉柯林斯的一生》。1850年，他创作了第一部小说《罗马的陷落》。接着又写了《贝锡尔》、《捉迷藏》，并认识了当时著名的大作家狄更斯。在文学的熏陶下，他成为一个流行小说作家，他的不少作品在维多利亚时代最风行的杂志《家常话》上发表，如《日落以后》、《死亡的秘密》、《我的杂志》等等，他的代表作是《月亮宝石》、《白衣女人》和《新济良所》。另外，《可怜的芬区小姐》、《一个流浪汉的一生》、《黑袍》均有一定的影响。
《月亮宝石》是威尔基柯林斯创作巅峰时期的代表作，也是世界侦探小说史上的一部杰作。我们不妨从这部作品来认识威尔基柯林斯侦探小说的特点与艺术风格。
《月亮宝石》以英国侵略印度圣城西林加巴坦为背景，英国军官汗卡什在王宫中抢得了举世闻名的月亮宝石，印度人不甘心国宝落入异邦，暗中跟踪他至英国，并伺机袭击他。汗卡什为了嫁祸于他人，临终前把月亮宝石送给了他的外甥女雷茜儿，从此，雷茜儿一家闹得乌烟瘴气，无一宁日。未几，月亮宝石竟不翼而飞了，各种人怀着不同的目的在寻找它，月亮宝石给占有它的人制造了命运的悲剧。最终，在百折不挠的印度人的努力下，终于物归原主，月亮宝石回到了印度圣城。
这部作品的叙述方法是很别致的，作者采用了各个不同的人物分头叙述各个不同的故事，然后连贯起来，使故事的发展充满了悬念与疑云。整个作品的情节错综复杂、曲折离奇，让读者疑虑丛生。作者又借助于书中侦探克夫探长之手不断拨开疑云，让神秘莫测的案子逐步显露真相。作者的叙述与交代层次分明，揭示罪犯的作案手段犹若抽茧剥蕉，丝丝入扣。读完全书，我们不得不佩服作者的聪明与他笔下那位克夫探长的机智与老练。
《月亮宝石》不仅故事生动，情节跌宕起伏，而且还塑造了一大批栩栩如生的人物典型。雷茜儿的闺秀气派、弗兰克林的大少爷作风、高孚利的虚情假意、贝特里奇的固执、罗珊娜的痴迷、克莱克的伪善、西格雷夫的愚昧昏庸，都衬托出书中主角克夫探长的料事如神，据威尔基柯林斯自述，克夫探长这一形象并非他的虚构，他是根据英国警察厅刑事部的一位警探作模特的。他首先为现实生活中的警探树碑立传，并根据他的事迹塑造了一个正面的英雄人物，这说明当时社会对警察这一形象已经有了观念上的转变，在19世纪初，读者并不会接受克夫探长这一形象，而到了19世纪末，克夫探长在文学作品中的出现引起了读者广泛的喜爱，这表明了英国法律在社会现实中有所进步。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
威尔基柯林斯被誉为英国的通俗文学大师，也有人称他是英国侦探小说之父。这除了赞扬他在侦探小说史上的两大突破，还对其作品的思想性与艺术性作了肯定的评价。他的作品笔调辛辣还带有幽默感，在叙述中时而夹入风趣的语言。他大胆揭露了英国侵略军队在印度圣城犯下的滔天罪行，对侵略者烧杀掠抢、破坏古迹、盗窃神器的行径作了有力的抨击，并刻划了英国上流社会的世态炎凉与某些宗教的虚伪。无疑，这部侦探小说在思想内涵与艺术特色上，都是非常成功的。
由此可见，英国作家威尔基柯林斯在创作侦探小说方面，比美国作家爱伦坡又迈出了更大的一步。如果杜宾是一个业余侦探，那么克夫探长则是一个职业侦探；杜宾解开谜底只凭想象与推理，而克夫探长则亲自调查，跟踪罪犯，历经种种艰险，就更为令人亲切可爱了。克夫探长所遇到的疑案也比杜宾碰到的案子复杂得多、惊险得多。整个故事的情节一波三折，更具可读性。威尔基柯林斯的创作更接近于通俗文学范畴。
但是，威尔基柯林斯创作的侦探小说仍然有一些不足，就以《月亮宝石》而言，全书有40万字（中译本仅20多万字），书中的枝节大多，有不少冗长乏味的叙述以及与破案无关的情节。小说中侦探的成分是加强了，但推理的方法还欠精确，再以威尔基柯林斯一生的创作来说，侦探小说只占了他整个创作的三分之一，他还不是一个专门从事侦探小说写作的小说家，尽管如此，他创作的《月亮宝石》对柯南道尔等侦探小说家的出现是有重大启发的，尤其对推动英国文坛侦探小说的创作起了先导作用。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Language points :
1. the novel the Moonstone is set in England in 1848, but the story really began 50 years later.
Set: 设置（书本，戏剧，电影等）背景。如：
The book is set in France in the eighteenth century. 这部书是以18世纪的法国为背景的。
This novel is set in the gold rush. 这部小说是以淘金热为背景的。
Set 其他意思：
He set his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的手上。
Please set the table for dinner. 请摆好餐桌准备就餐。
Have you set the time for the meeting?你们把开会时间定下来了吗？
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
He set a diamond in a ring. 他把一块宝石镶嵌在戒指上。
2. curse n. 诅咒, 咒语, 祸根, 祸因 vt. 诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸, 使受罪
Our tribe is under a curse. 我们的部族正遭天谴。
Foxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐狸可给农民带来祸害。
a terrible bolt of lightning; a terrible curse. 可怕的闪电；可怖的诅咒
It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse. 我们有必要来评断电视到底是福还是祸。
Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race. {William Ewart Gladstone) 自私是人类最大的祸根(威廉尤尔特格拉德斯通)
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. an act of revenge报复行为
Act 做动词的用法：
Think before acting. 三思而后行。
The medicine was taken for a long time, but it failed to act. 药已经服了很长时间，但还未见效。
Act 与action 区别：
Action做可数名词时，常与act 同义。 如：
A kind act/action. 仁慈的行为
但act 多指具体的，短时间的行为或行动； action 多指复杂的持续的行为或行动。
2）在一些固定用法中。 如：an act of cruelty (残忍的行为)， an act of war（战争行为） , an act of mercy（仁慈的行为） 等中，不能用action 又如take action (采取行动)也是固定搭配。
３. pass 和pass on (…to)的区别
４. But from the moment Rachel fastens it to her dress, things start going wrong.
Fasten to 把。。。系在。。。
The bookshelf is fastened to the wall. 这个书架是固定在墙壁上的。
When we went to visit her, she was not in. we wrote a note and fastened it to the door. 我们去看她时她不在，我们只好写了张便条钉到门上。
Go wrong 出毛病，不对头 如：
Something has gone wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出了点问题。
The party was going well until Mary arrived, then everything went wrong. Mary 来之前晚会开的很成功， 可后来一切都不对了。
５. as the story develops …
As 意思是“随着”。 如：
As time went by, he began to realize that he should have studied hard. 随着时间的推移， 她开始意识到他本该好好学习的。
As 其他用法（作为连词）
象。。一样
He doesn’t like skating as much as he used to. 他不象以前那么喜欢滑冰了。
照。。。的方式
I have told the story just as it happened. 我已如实讲了这件事。
因为，既然
As you object, I’ll reconsider the plan. 既然你反对，我就重新考虑一下这个计划。
虽然，
Much as I like the book, I can’t afford to buy it. 尽管我很喜欢这本书，可我买不起。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
６. to …degree达到。。。的程度
He was interested in his work to such a degree that he thought about nothing else. 他对工作如此感兴趣，以致于他从来不想别的事情。
To a certain degree he likes his job. 在某种程度上他喜欢他的工作。
７. guilty 惭愧（about），有过失的，有罪责的(of)
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
John had a guilty look on his face. John 脸上显出惭愧的表情。
The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. 陪审团裁决被告无罪。
We’ve all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives. 我们每个人都有过自私自利的过失。
8. resist 抵制，阻挡
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。
(用于否定句) 忍住，抵挡
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
９. stain vt. 沾污，染污， 染色，玷污，败坏。 n. 污点，污渍
The juice from the berries stained their fingers red. 浆果汁把他们的手指染成了红色。
Stain the specimen before looking at it under the microscope. 先把标本染成红色，再放到显微镜下观察。
a blood / a coffee / an ink, etc. stain
stubborn stains
integrating skills
1. convince 说服,，使确信，使相信
~ sb / yourself (of sth)
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到工作。
[vn (that)] I’d convinced myself (that) I was right.
I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。
引申：convincing: 令人信服的，有说服力的
a convincing argument / explanation / case 有说服力的论点／解释／事例
She sounded very convincing to me. 我觉得她的话很有说服力。
Convinced 坚信，确信（~ (of sth / that ... )
I am convinced of her innocence. 我坚信她清白无辜。
I am convinced that she is innocent.
Sam nodded but he didn’t look convinced. Sam点了点头，但是看起来并没有信服。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. assume 假定，假设，（呈现。。。的样子，假装）
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 咱们假设计划成功。
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time. 他认为，她会在通常时间回家的。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，紧张系工作过重所致。
I had assumed him to be a Belgian. 我本以为他是比利时人。
３. meanwhile adv./n. 同时， 其间，（两方面）对比之下
The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. 压力对你的健康非常有害，而锻炼会减少这种害处。
in the meanwhile 在此其间，与此同时
I hope to go to medical school eventually. In the meanwhile, I am going to study chemistry. 我希望最终能上医学院，这其间我打算学化学。
４. in all my years as a detective, I have never heard of a thief having such a loss of memory.
这里a thief having …是动名词的复合结构。作宾语时，名词多用通格。至于代词多用宾格。 如：
What about us going out for a walk?
I wonder if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
高考题：
Victor apologized for ___ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A his being not able B him not to be able C his not being able D him to be not able
答案是C.
5. accuse 控告，谴责 ~ sb (of sth)
to accuse sb of murder / theft She accused him of lying.
The government was accused of incompetence
6. desperate 冒险的，绝望的，
The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.
非常需要，渴望 ~ (for sth)| ~ (to do sth)
He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.
I was absolutely desperate to see her.
７. nothing but to do
相关高考题：
Sandy could do nothing but ___ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit
答案是A
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
８。 While 用法
while 表示让步，通常位于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。又如：
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it. 尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许你这样做。
While he loves his stuents, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对学生们很严格。
While 其他用法归纳如下：
1）引导时间状语从句，意思是“当。。。的时候，和。。。同时”。从句中谓语通常是延续性动词。
如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。
2）表示对比或转折，意思是“而，然而”。此时，while 一般谓语句中。 如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪费粮食，而有人却吃不饱。
高考相关：
I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since B while C when D as
答案是B.