Unit 3 Art and architecture
Warming up /listening / speaking
Where would you prefer to live?
prefer vt
释义：to choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value 更喜欢
结构：⑴ prefer+名词/代词/动词－ing形式（可再接＋to+另一名词/代词/动词－ing形式
例句 ①I prefer green to yellow.
对于绿色与黄色，我更喜欢绿色。
②I prefer dancing to singing.
我喜欢跳舞胜于唱歌。
⑵ prefer ＋动词不定式（可再接rather than do something）。
例句 ①They prefer to play cards rather than see such TV plays.
他们宁愿打牌也不愿看这样的电视剧。
②The hero preferred to die rather than surrender.
这位英雄宁死不屈。
⑶ prefer＋宾语＋动词不定式（作宾语补足语）。
例句 ①I should prefer you not to stay here too long.
我希望你不要在这里呆得太久了。
②Let me wash the dishes----would you prefer me to dry them?
我来洗盘子――你要我擦干盘子吗？
⑷ prefer＋that从句（从句的谓语动词should型的虚拟语气，should常省略）。
例句 ①Would you prefer that we reschedule the meeting for next week?
你是否愿意我们把会议改期到下周呢？
②She preferred that we should do it in the kitchen .
她宁愿我们在厨房做这件事。
拓展：n. preference
释义：liking for something more than something else. （与其他物较之）喜欢，偏爱
例句 ①It’s entirely a matter of preference.
这完全是个见仁见智的问题。
②A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils.
老师不应偏爱任何一个学生。
考例:
Employees who have worked here for many years will give over
newcomers.
A preference B. prejudice C. promise D. preface
Key: A
What materials would you use?
material n. [U] [C]
释义：① the substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made.
材料，原料
② something, such as an idea or information, that is to be refined and made or incorporated into a finished effort:
素材，材料
例句 ①We use high-quality raw material for our goods.
我们的产品是用优质原料制造的。
②He is not officer material.
他不是当官的材料。
③He is collecting material for a book.
他正在搜集素材（资料）写书。
④She’s collecting material for a newspaper article.
她正在搜集素材在报纸上发表文章。
Amy and Danny want to buy some furniture for their new home.
furniture: n. [U]
释义： the movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working
家具
例句：①My parents gave me a piece of furniture as the present of my wedding.
我的父母送我一件家具作为我结婚的礼物.
② They booked a lot of furniture yeaterday.
他们昨天预订了许多家具。
考例： All the furniture in the room imported from England.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
Key: A
They visit a shop and talk with a shop assistant about their tastes and preference.
taste: n. [U] [C]
释义：①. a personal preference or liking 嗜好;个人的偏好或喜好
②． Sense by which flavour is known . 味觉
③． sensation caused in the tongue by things placed on it.
味道
例句：① She has a taste of foreign travel.
她有到国外旅游的爱好。
② I don’t like the taste of this cheese.
我不喜欢这乳酪的味道。
③My sense of taste isn't very good; I have a cold.
我的味觉不是很好，我感冒了。
考例： Pop music is loved by lots of people, but it is not everyone’s .
A. smell B. favour C. sound D. taste
Key: D
It is also convenient to live close to your work.
convenient: adj.
释义：suited or favorable to one's comfort, purpose, or needs:
省力的，方便的
例句：①The dish-washer is very convenient.
这个洗碗机很方便。
②We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.
我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。
结构： It is convenient for/to sb (to do..)
(做…)对…是方便的
词组：If convenient 假如方便的话
For convenience 为了..的便利
At one’s convenience 在…便利的时候
拓展： convenience n. 方便，便利
释义： the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or needs 方便
例句 ①We bought this house for its convenience.
我们买下这所房子为的是它方便。
②When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting?
我们下次见面什么时候,什么地点对你方便?
考例：Come and see me whenever .
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
Key: C
I really think a traditional house has more personal style.
(1) traditional adj.
释义： Of, relating to, or in accord with tradition 传统的
例句 ① There are also people who come to take such courses as Chinese traditional medicine, painting, calligraphy and photography.
还有一些人到学校里来是为了学习诸如中医、绘画、书法。摄影等课程。
②He has a traditional view of women.
他对妇女的观点很传统。
拓展：traditionally adv. 传统地
tradition n. 传统
(2) personal adj.
释义： Of or relating to a particular person; private个人的
例句 ① She made a personal donation to the fund.
她以个人名义向基金会捐款。
②This is a car for your personal use only.
这是仅供你个人用的汽车。
辨析： personal & private
这两个词都有"私自的；个人的"之意。区别在于：private有"私立的；非公开的；秘密的"的意思；而personal没有。但是，personal有"亲自的；本人的"的意思，相当于in person。
例句 ① I won’ t tell you about it, for it’s private.
我不会告诉你关于这件事，因为它是秘密的。
② He made a personal appearance at the meeting.
他以个人名义出席了会议。
考例：
Pre-reading/Reading/Post-reading
1. Architecture looks at man-made living environment.
词组：look at
释义： think about, consider or study something 看待，考虑， 研究
例句：① They refused to look at my suggestion.
他们拒绝考虑我的建议。
② The implications of the new legislation will need to be looked at.
新法规的含义需要研究一下。
考例： The committee wouldn’t even my proposal.
A. look on B. look at C. look after D. look through
Key: B
2. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
(1) have something done 使某事物予以处理
例句： ①Why don’t you have your hair cut?
你为什么不理发？
② They’re going to have their house painted.
他们准备把房子粉刷一下。
拓展：have sb. do sth.
类似结构：
动词+宾语+宾语补足语
find /see/make/get/have/want等动词+ 名词 +n. /adj. /doing /done /adv. /to be /介词短语
例句: I find Russian grammar very difficult.
我发现俄语语法很难学。
Being poor at English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood.
我的英语很差，恐怕很难让自己被理解。
I have had my bike repaired.
我已经把自行车修好了。
You must get the work done before Friday.
你必须在周五前把工作完成。
We are pleased to see the problem settled so quickly.
我们很高兴看到问题这么快解决了。
(2) express vt.
释义：① to make known the feelings or opinions of (oneself), as by statement or art
表白，表达
②To set forth in words; state.
陈述; 用语言表达；
例句 ① No words can express the grandeur of that parade.
阅兵式那宏伟的场面是无法用语言表达的。
② He can express himself in good clear English now after four years' hard learning.
经过四年的艰苦学习,现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。
考例：
Because I have my bike , I walked to my company.
A. repairing B. being repaired
C. repair D. have repaired
Key: B
I can’t to you how grateful I am for you help.
A. say B. tell C. express D. speak
Key: C
3. When you look around buildings, streets, squares and parks, you will find them designed, planned and built in different styles.
design vt.
释义：to plan out in systematic, usually graphic form:
设计
例句 ① Can anyone design a better timetable?
谁能设计一个更好的时间表。
②Who designed the new school?
谁设计的这所新学校？
用法： be designed for sb/sth
be designed as sth 为某目的或企图而制造或计划…
be designed to do sth
例句：①The gloves were designed for extremely cold climate.
这些手套是为严寒地区设计的。
②This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.
这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。
③The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.
这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的。
考例: The new suspension bridge by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
Key: B
4. Modernism was invented in the 1920s by a group of architects who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people’s feeling of beauty.
architect n[C]
释义：one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures. 建筑师
例句①He went to work in an architect's office in order to learn how to design buildings.
他到一家建筑事务所去工作以便学习如何设计建筑物。
②Now other architects know how to design buildings to fit into the land.
现在别的建筑师也知道怎样设计得使建筑物与地形相协调。
拓展： architecture n.
释义： design or style of buildings 建筑设计，建筑风格
例句 ① Modern architecture depressed me.
现代的建筑设计使我感到憋闷。
②I like the architecture of the eighteenth century.
我喜欢十八世纪的建筑风格。
词组：go against sth.
释义：be opposed or contrary to sth; conflict with sth. 违背，违反，对……不利
例句① Paying for hospital treatment goes against her socialist principles.
付给医院医疗费是违背她的社会主义原则的。
② His thinking goes against all logic.
他的思维完全不合逻辑。
考例： It my wishes to leave the country. There are so many things attract me.
A. turns out to be B. goes against
C. makes out D. gets rid of
Key: B
拓展：
against的用法：（1）防备，防御
例句She wears a warm coat against the cold.
她穿着暖和的大衣以御寒冷。
（2）靠着，依着
例句The picture hangs against the wall.
这张画挂在墙上。
（3）反对，违反
例句She spoke against the new law.
她发言反对新法律。
（4）撞击，碰撞
例句The rain was beating against the windows.
雨点打着窗户。
（5）和……对照，以……衬托
例句 It’s difficult to see anything in this bright light.
对着这么亮的光，很难看见任何东西。
拓展： 常见go的词组：
go back 回去go away 离去 go away with 带走 卷逃 go by 经过 go down 沉没 go up上升
5. They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
construct vt.
释义：①to form by assembling or combining parts; build 建造
②to create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms 构筑
例句 ①This is a hut constructed out of branches.
这是一间用树枝搭成的棚屋。
② This novel is well-constructed.
这本小说结构很好。
考例: It is a good place to a factory here.
A. constrict B. construct C. constraint D. construe
Key: B
6. To many people modern architecture equals progress.
(1) equal vt.
释义：①To be equal to, in value, number, or size.
等值；与…相等
②To reach the same standard as. 比得上，敌得过
例句：①The year’s sales figures up till October equal the figures for the whole of last year.
本年度到十月份的销售数字就等于去年全年的销售数字。
② “X = Y” means x equals y.
“x=y”就是指x等于y。
③ None of us can equal her grace as a dancer.
论跳舞，我们谁也比不上她的舞姿优美。
拓展：equal: adj.
释义：Having the same quantity, measure, or value as another.
相同的，同等的，同样的
例句：① One li is equal to half a kilometre.
一华里等于半公里。
②It is equal to me whether he comes or not.
他来不来对我都一样。
equality n. 【U】
The state or quality of being equal.
相等：相同的状态或特性
例句： ①All three children have equality in our family - they are all treated in the same way.
三个小孩在我们家都是平等的，他们都被同等对待。
② They are fighting for the equality of women.
他们在为妇女争取平等权力而斗争。
(2) progress n【U】
释义: Development or growth:
进展：发展或增长：
例句 ① You have made progress with your English.
你的英语进步了。
② Progress in the peace talks has been rather disappointing.
和平谈判的进展情况令人相当失望。
考例：
8．Modern buildings impress us because they are huge, but many people do not find them beautiful.
impress vt.
释义：to produce or attempt to produce a vivid impression or image of:
印入脑海，留下印象
结构： impress sth on/upon sb 使…铭记…;使想象
impress sth. on/in sth. 在…上/压/盖印
impress sb. (with sth.) 给予某人深刻印象
be impressed by/with/at sth 对…印象深刻
例句：①I impressed on him the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性。
②The organizer impressed a beautiful design on the clothes.
组织者把一个漂亮的图案印在衣服上。
③The girl impressed her friends with liveliness and humor.
这个女孩给她的朋友留下了活泼和幽默的印象。
④We were deeply impressed by his deeds.
我们对他的行为留下了深刻印象。
拓展： impression n【C】
释义：an effect, a feeling, or an image retained as a consequence of experience.
印象，感想：作为经历的结果留下来的效果、感觉或者形象
例句：① What were your first impressions of London?
你对伦敦的最初印象如何？
② Her speech made an quite impression on the audience.
她的演讲给听众留下相当好的印象。
结构： Give/Create/Leave /make a/an… impression on sb.
例句： My general impression is that he seemed to be a pleasant man.
我的总的印象是他是一个很阳光的人。
考例：His words was deeply impressed my memory.
A. on B. in C. with D. by
Key: A
9. The buildings look like boxes with flat roofs, sharp corners and glass walls that act as mirrors.
sharp adj.
释义： ①having clear form and detail
清楚的
②having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable of cutting or piercing.
锋利的
例句 ① The TV picture isn’t very sharp.
电视图像不太清晰。
②The shears are not sharp enough to cut the grass.
这把大剪刀不够快,剪不动草。
词组： act as 担任, 充当
例句：① He was asked to act as an advisor of the project.
他应邀担任该项目的顾问。
②A newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.
一种新设计的微型计算机能够充任盲人的向导。
考例：
11. Autonio Gaudi, a Spanish architect, was the first to understand that.
结构：句中to understand that作the first的定语。当名词的中心词为序数词或“序数词＋名主”时，其后用不定式作定语而不是分词。
例句①He was the last person to leave the classroom.
他是最后一个离开教室的人。
②The first traveller to reach New Zealand in the year 950 was a man called Kupe.
公元950年第一个来新西兰旅游的是一个叫库佩的人。
考例：
12. Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Gaudi was a modern architect.
despite prep
释义：in spite of; notwithstanding
尽管; 不管，
例句① Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.
尽管天气不好，我们的假期仍过得很愉快。
②Despite the traffic jam he arrived here on time.
尽管交通堵塞，他仍然按时到达这里。
辨析：despite & in spite of
Despite和in spite of意思相同，但despite更正式，后接名词、代词、动名词等。
例句 ① They kept going in spite of their fears.
他们不顾害怕继续前进
②In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.
尽管我们作出了巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。
考例：He remained modest his great achievement.
A. despite of B. despite
C. in despite D. in the despite
Key: B
13. Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
inspire vt
释义：①to affect or touch
影响或触动
② to stimulate to action; motivate:
激励，鼓励; 激发行动，促动
例句 ① The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
落叶触动了她的伤感
② His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.
他最好的乐曲是以怀念母亲为动力而创作的。
③ I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
拓展：inspiration n.
释义：① the quality of inspiring or exalting
启示
例句：Dante was the inspiration for my book in Italy.
但丁是促使我写有关意大利这本书的灵感。
考例：
14. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
Seen from the top是过去分词短语做状语。made of tree branches是过去分词作后置定语。
过去分词的用法：
一 作表语
One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted. (表示主语所处的状态。)
地中海的四分之一海岸被污染了。
二 作宾语补足语
Then we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by words.
然后我们互相交谈，我们不仅仅靠语言让自己被理解。
三 作名词的前置或后置修饰语
When we arrived, we were given printed question papers.
我们到了之后，发到了打印好的问卷。
It came from the work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. (后置。相当于定语从句… which were sung by black people…)
它来自黑人唱的工作之歌，起源在非洲。
四 作状语
①Seen from space, the earth looks blue. (作时间状语或条件状语，相当于When/If the earth is seen from space, it looks blue.)
从宇宙上看，地球是蓝色的。
②Well known for his experts advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (作原因状语，相当于As he was well known for his expert advice, he was….)
由于他的建议很有名，他帮助了很多人解决他们的个人事务。
③Bitten by a snake, you should send for help. (作条件状语，相当于If you are bitten by a snake, you should….)
如果被蛇咬了，你必须看医生。
④The room, although supposed to be kept locked, was often left open. (作让步状语，其逻辑状语是the room；当过去分词作时间，条件，让步等状语时，其前还可加when, once, if, although等连词.)
尽管我们想这个房间是锁着的，但它经常是开着的。
⑤Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.(作状语，表示伴随状况或方式。)
华生博士和我把自己锁在房间里，度过了一个晚上。
15. Birds fill up the spaces between the branches of their nests with soft materials.
(1) 词组： fill up with；fill… with… 用…装(满)…
be filled with；be full of ；… …装满了…
例句 ① The driver filled up the tank with petrol.
司机在油箱里装满油。
②The river is filled up with mud.
小河充满了污泥。
③He ran to the school with his mouth filled up with bread.
他嘴里塞满面包，跑向学校。
(2) branch n.
释义：①a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a tree or shrub or from another secondary limb.
分枝
②An area of specialized skill or knowledge, especially academic or vocational, that is related to but separate from other areas:
部门，分科
例句：① He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches,
他爬上树，躲在树枝间。
② The trees go straight up; only at the top do they have branches.
这些树笔直向上生长，只在顶部有分枝。
③The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。
考例：
They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot-high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
(1) decorate vt.
释义：to furnish, provide, or adorn with something ornamental; embellish.
修饰
例句 ①On National Day people decorate streets with flags in China.
在中国的国庆节人们用旗帜装饰街道。
② They are decorating the Christmas tree.
他们正在装饰圣诞树。
(2) remind sb. of sth.
释义： cause sb. to remember or newly aware of sth. 使人想起……
例句： ①He reminds me of his father.
看到他使我想起他的父亲。
②This song reminds me of France.
一听到这首歌就想起了法国。
扩展：①remind sb +that… 使人想起
例句 She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.
他提醒我还没有浇花。
② remind sb. to do sth. 使某人想起做某事，提醒某人做某事
例句 ①Remind me to mail the letter.
提醒我把这封信寄了。
考例: What you said just now me of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized
Key: C
The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.
词组： set …aside
释义：disregard sth. or ignore sth. 不理会，搁置
例句：① Their government has set aside those decrees.
他们的政府把那些法令搁置起来。
②Let’s set aside my personal feeling.
不必顾及我个人的感情。
考例：It’s time for supper now. Please your books aside so that we can use the table for supper.
A. set B. take C. bring D. carry
Key: A
A is to B what C is to D.
A is to B what C is to D 是一个句型，意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
例句： Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气之于人就如同水之于鱼一样重要。
Reading is to mind what food is to the body.
读书之于头脑就如同食物之于身体。
考例： Air is to us water is to fish. We should take measure t okeep air and water clean.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
Key: D
1. We have both red and white wine. Do you have a p for one or the other?
2. The a showed several designs for the new stadium; but none was satisfactory.
3. Kate is always trying to i people with her new clothes.
4. It isn’t c to talk at the moment; I’m doing my homework.
5. In China, early houses were c out of mud and sticks.
6. The coat has gone out of s , but I like them.
7. Can I t a piece of that cheese to see what’s it’s like?
8. Eight times eight e sixty-four.
9. R me to write to Mother.
10. The company's head office is in the city, but it has b all over the country.
Keys: 1. preference 2. architect 3. impress 4. convenient 5. constructed 6. style 7. taste 8. equals
9. Remind 10. branches
1． Jessica a flat near the college with three other girls.
A. borrowed B. hired C. preferred D. rented
2. We have little in common; our and interests are so different.
A. styles B. taste C. quality D. appearance
3． Antonio Gaudi is the first architect that nature doesn’t have any straight lines.
A. understanding B. understands
C. to understand D. understood
4. the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
A. When B. Despite C. While D. Unless
5. ---What me most is the beautiful environment and attractive parks.
---I have the same you.
A. impressed; imagination as B. is impressed; impression like
C. has impressed; impression as D. has impressed; imagination like
6. The manager said that he the work within 12 hours.
A. would have; finish B. would have; finished
C. would have; do D. might have; end
7. When it was time for dinner, the dining hall soon the students.
A. filled up B. was filled of
C. filled up with D. filled
8. Yao Ming, who the basketball team of the Houston Rockets., plays basketball in a special .
A. is; style B. belongs to; means
C. belongs in; action D. belongs to; style
9. The picture me of the days we spent in Beijing.
A. remembers; that B. warns; that
C. reminds; when D. reminds; that
10. Mary and John wanted to buy for their study. They had a talk with the sales assistant about their and .
A. a furniture; tastes; preference
B. some furnitures; tastes; preference
C. a piece of furniture; taste; preferences
D. several furniture; taste; preference
11. You’d better some money for special use.
A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
12. The food was so ______ that the child couldn’t help tasting it.
A. smelly B. invited C. interesting D. inviting
13. He tried to go away without being noticed by his employer but luck _____ him.
A. went with B. went against C. went over D. went along
14. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed _______ my memory.
A. to B. over C. by D. on
15. If you are the judge，you must your personal feelings．
A．set at B．set beside
C．set out D．set aside
16. The music calls all the memories of my childhood．
A．at B．for
C．on D．up
17. The professor spoke very clearly to make his speech .
A．understood B．understand
C．understanding D．to understand
18. reading is to mind，food is to blood．
A．That B．Which
C．How D．What
19. Music often us of events in the past.
A. remembers B. memorizes C. reminds D. reflects
20. The man decided to buy .
A. many furnitures B. furnitures
C. a piece of furniture D. a furniture
28.Tom was deeply by the story of the hero.
A .impressed B. moving
C. pressed D. striking
29.
Lily does very well in her studies.No one in our class can her,especially in maths and English.
A.compared with B.be compared to C.compare to D.be compared