从一道高考题谈find 复合结构的用法
浙江省奉化中学 吴亚翠
请看2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考生试题中的第22题：
. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
这道题的正确答案是B。做这道题时，我们可以先把从句的被动语态变成主动语态：…(sb.) find him smoking in the kitchen. 从主动形式中我们可明显地看出find后跟了复合宾语，即宾语+宾语补足语。 smoking补充说明宾语him, 因宾语him与宾语补足语smoking有主动关系，所以用动词的doing形式, doing结构表示与宾语有主动关系，又有进行的含意。
find跟复合结构在中学英语中常出现，下面结合教材，把常见的“find+复合宾语”句型作一归纳。此类句型主要的有七种：
一、 find + 宾语+分词
1. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. (SBII A Unit 11 Hurricane)
早上人们一醒来就发现房屋外边的世界完全变了。
2. I entered the room and found the window broken.
我走进房间就发现窗户被打破了。
3. They went out and found the bridge washed away by the flood,
他们走出来就发现桥梁被洪水冲走了。
4. On arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meeting him.
他一到车站就发现他的妻子在等着迎接他。
5. Crusoe found the savages eating something.
克鲁索发现野人在吃东西。
注意：find+sb/sth+doing/done, doing表示与宾语有主动关系。而done与宾语有被动关系。
二、 find +宾语 +介词（短语）
1. She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train. (SBII B Unit 18 We’ve lost our dad!)
她只走过几节车厢就发现自己已来到列车的前部。
2. He found the ship out of sight.
他发现船已看不见了。
3. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
使她惊奇的是他来到了另外的一个世界。
4. I hope to find you in better health when we meet again.
我希望下次见面时，你的健康会更好一些。
三、 find +形式宾语（it）+形容词/名词+不定式
1. When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s Einstein, who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany.(SBII B Unit 13 Albert Einstein)
在20世纪30年代初期，希特勒统治德国时候，爱因斯坦是个尤太人，他发现他不能在德国生活下去了。
2. In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.( SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
在19世纪70年代，马克思已经五十多岁了，他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要。
3. Do you find it a hard job to end the fighting?
你觉得结束这场战争是一件很难的工作吗？
4. I found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
我发现离开德国去美国是不可能的。
四、 find +宾语+不定式
1. They found Australia to be an astonishing land where the soil was red,…(SBIII A Unit 2 Captain Cook)
他们发现澳大利亚是个令人惊奇的地方，那里的土壤是红色的…
2. He told me he found the fact to be true.
他告诉我，他发现这个事实是真的。
3. We found him to be honest.
我们觉得他是诚实的
五、 find+宾语+形容词
1. …but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn. (SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
但是我觉得习惯用语和有用的短语很难学。
2. I also thought that I would make lots of new friends. However, I find it hard. (SBI A Unit 14 Mainly revision)
我也想我会交很多新朋友。可是，我觉得这很难。
3. –How did you find the talk this morning?
-Very disappointing.(SBIII A Unit1 Madame Curie)
-你觉得今天早上的报告怎样？
-非常令人失望。
4. I found the question hard to answer.
我觉得这个问题很难回答。
5. I find the text easy to read.
我觉得这篇课文容易读。
六、 find +宾语+名词
1. I found her an honest girl.
我觉得她是个诚实的女孩。
2. I found your little sister a clever girl.
我发现你的小妹妹是个聪明的女孩。
七、 find + 宾语+副词
1. When I entered the room, I found him out.
当我进房时，我发现他已出去。
2. I found the lights on all through the night.
我发现这些灯通宵地亮着。
3. When he arrived, he found the meeting over.
当他来的时候，他发现会议已结束。
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