作者：杨瑶
定语从句一直是高考测试的重点和热点。本文结合高考试题对定语从句的易考点进行归纳总结,希望对同学们备考有所帮助。
一、 考查关系词的基本用法
关系词是用在定语从句中来代替先行词的,选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分。作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词,指人用who (宾格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作状语,则选用关系副词,分别用when, where, why代替时间、地点、原因状语;如果先行词在定语从句中作定语,则不管指人还是指物,都可用whose。
[原题再现]
I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
答案: C
[解析]关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。
二、考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句,用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容的用法
二者的区别是:
1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句则不能放在主句之前。
2. 当从句谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,常用as。
3. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不用as。
[原题再现]
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案: D
[解析]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。
三、 考查"介词 + 关系代词"引导定语从句的用法
当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成"介词 + 关系代词(whom / which)"结构。但一些短语动词(如look after等)中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关系代词之前。
[原题再现]
American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequenthy.
答案:D
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
[解析]关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,talk with sb.意为"与某人谈话"。
四、 考查分隔式定语从句的用法
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分隔。此时能够理清句子结构,慧眼识别先行词就显得特别重要。
[原题再现]
The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
答案:C
[解析]先行词为the hours,关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。
五、考查定语从句与其它句子的区别
定语从句易与状语从句、同位语从句、并列句以及强调结构等混淆,在做题时要细心识别。
[原题再现]
① The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
答案: C
[解析] 本题中的where是从属连词,引导的是地点状语从句。若引导定语从句,其前应加上先行词at the place。
②A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
答案:D
[解析]本题中that引导的是同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,在句子中不作任何成分,而在定语从句中则要作主语、宾语或表语。
③ The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
答案: B
[解析] it... before是常用句型。
④ It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
答案:C
[解析] 强调结构与其它从句的区别是去掉"It is / was... that..."后句子依然成立。本题是强调句式。