Ⅰ.重点词语
dull adj.阴暗的;单调无味
shadow n.影子;阴影
desert vt.舍弃;遗弃
spread vt.延伸;展开
keep off 勿踩,勿踏
masses of 大多数;大部
fall to pieces 崩溃;倒塌
carry on 继续下去,继续开展
take on 呈现
in battle 在战争中
watch over 查看,监视
Ⅱ.课文讲解
一.难句分析
1.As long as that? 要那么长的时间吗?
根据上文,这一句是Will it take as long as that/about a week?的省略。
"It takes(sb.)as long as +time..."意思是"需要……长的时间"。如:
It will take as long as two years to complete the big project.需要两年的时间才能完成这个巨大的工程。
2.It may be necessary to put up a notice saying "Keep off".恐怕得竖立一个布告牌,写上"不要践踏"。
这是一个以it作形式主语的句型。本句中的V-ing形式saying修饰a notice,相当于一个定语从句which says...。
keep off的含义是"不让……接近",应根据具体情况译成汉语。例如:
Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草坪。
A notice was placed by the river bank warning people to keep off the thin ice.
河边有个布告牌,警告人们不要在薄冰上行走。
Can't you keep your dog off the road? 你就不能把狗牵到路旁边去吗?
3.I ought to do some studying, as I've got masses of work to do, but I think, I'll be too tired.我还有大量的作业要做,接理说我应当学习一下,但是我想这样就会太累了。(=As I have a great deal of work to do, I should do some studying. But I'm afraid I will be too tired to do so.)
masses of大量的,a mass of一堆,一块,一团。它们后面既可接可数名词,又可接不可数名词。
The ship cut its way slowly through masses of ice. 船划破大量冰层缓缓前进。
There is a mass of stones in the yard. 院子里有一堆石头。
There are masses of people in the hall. 大厅里挤满了人。
I have masses of work to do. 我有大量工作要做。
4.在"2. Practice"中第五句:It looks a bit ugly as it is. (像这个样子,真有点难看。)此句中的as it is可以看作一个固定词组,意思是"就以(现在)这个样子""根据现在情况看"。
例如:
They agreed to buy the house as it is.他们同意就按房子的现状买下房子。
I thought things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.我原以为情况会好转,但现在看来,情况在变坏。
5.The country had been at war for many years, and the temple was deserted and falling to pieces.这个国家经历了多年的战乱,寺庙荒芜,房屋倒塌。
be at war处于战争/交战状态。例如:
When he came back from abroad, his country was at war.当他从国外回来时,他的国家正处于战争状态中。
The US then declared that it was at war with that country.那时美国对那个国家宣战。
fall to pieces意思是"垮台""崩溃""倒塌""解体"。例如:
After the death of Napoleon, his empire began to fall to pieces.拿破仑死后,他的帝国开始瓦解。
The old building was falling to pieces. 那座古建筑物正在倒塌。
A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women, who are cleaning, repairing and rebuilding parts of this temple, 一个有15名印度人的专家组,组织了一个有400名柬埔寨人的劳动大军,其中多数是妇女,对这座寺庙的某些部分进行清洗、修理和重建。
most of them women作400 Cambodians的同位语;who引出了一个非限制性的定语从句,修饰400 Cambodians。
a team of... 作主语强调每个队员,谓语动词应用复数,这里用的是are。
有些集合名词作主语时,谓语动词视句子内容而定,既可以用单数,也可以用复数。
My family all love music. 我们家的人都喜欢音乐。(表示情感)
A group of soldiers was advancing slowly towards the position of the enemy. 一队士兵朝着敌人的阵地慢慢地推进。(表示全体一致的行为)
二.固定用法与辨析
1.辨析mass与mess:
两词形状相似,意思却截然不同。mass表示"众多,大量"。如:A mass of people gathered.一大堆人聚在一起。mess表示"混乱"。如:The room is in a mess. 这个房子真是一团糟。
2.辨析replace与displace:
两词都为"取代,代替",但有细微的差别。replace表示用新的来代替旧的或坏的。如:He was hurt, and another player replaced him.他受伤了,别的选手接替了他。displace表示用强迫方法代替。如:Many employees were displaced by computers.电脑取代了许多员工。
3.辨析gold与golden:
两词都为"金色的",但有区别。gold表示某物是"金制的",或"含有金子的"意思。如:I bought a gold watch.我买了一块金表。而golden表示某物在外表或色彩上类似金子,其实不是由金子制作的。如:A girl with golden hair was sitting beside him.他旁边坐着一位金发女郎。
4.辨析fierce与wild:
两词都含有"凶猛的"意思,但有区别。wild指未经开发的自然状态。形容人时说明无所顾忌、放荡,但并不含杀伤之意;形容事物表示杂乱。如:a wild young man一个放荡粗野的青年/wind hair乱发。fierce意思是凶猛残酷,含强烈的杀伤之意。如:a fierce lion猛狮。
三.语法知识
Tenses时态
1.一般现在时(the present indefinite)可表示:
(1)经常性和习惯性的动作
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。
(2)现在的特征或状态
He majors in English. 他是英语专业的学生。
(3)普遍真理
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。
(4)按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作。(一般有将来的时间状语)
The plane takes off at 11 a.m. 飞机上午十一点起飞。
(5)电影说明,动作解说,剧情介绍,新闻标题或小说章节题目,图片说明。
He sits down, shivers a little, Clock outside strikes twelve. 他坐下来,微微有些颤动,外面钟敲了十二点。(剧本说明)
2.现在进行时(the present continuous tense)可表示:
(1)现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。
Where are they having the basketball match? 他们在哪里赛篮球。
(2)最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,但这仅限于少量动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等。
We are leaving on Friday. 我们星期五动身。
(3)代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作和状态,这时是为了表示说话人的一种感情。如赞叹,厌烦,等。
He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人(赞许)。
He is constantly leaving things about. 他老是把东西乱扔(不满)。
He is always boasting. 他老爱说大话(厌烦)。
3.现在完成时(the present perfect tense)可表示:
(1)到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和,也可表示状态和习惯性的动作)
How many pages have you covered today? 你今天看了多少页?
She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天。
(2)对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作。
The delegation has already left. 代表团已经走了。(说明现在不在这里)
Look what you've done. 瞧你干的事。
4.一般过去时(the past indefinite tense)可表示:
(1)过去某时发生的动作或情况。
I wasn't in last night. 昨天晚上我不在家。
有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的,应当用过去时态。
What was the final score? 最后的比分怎样?
(2)谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时。
Lei Feng often helped others. 雷锋经常帮助别人。