NSEFC2B Unit 16 全单元教案

发布时间：2016-11-5 编辑：互联网手机版

Unit 16 The United States of America

Ⅰ.Brief Statements Based on the Unit

The United States of America is a developed country and also a booming country,which has a history of only 200~300 years.After the USA was founded,the American Civil War broke out in 1861,which brought suffering to the people of the USA,especially those in the South.Rebuilding the South became an essential task at that time.This unit mainly talks about the rebuilding and development of the American South.And Atlanta is a good illustration.It also deals with the bison on the plains of America.Because the bison was killed in huge numbers by European settlers,the balance of the whole wildlife was destroyed.After learning the unit,we let the students learn about the early history of America.Besides,some useful expressions and phrases should be mastered,and Non-finite verbs need to be reviewed,especially their passive forms.

Ⅱ.Teaching Goals

1.Talk about the USA.

2.Practise describing places.

3.Review Non-finite Verbs(2).

4.Write a comparison essay.

Ⅲ.Background Information

1.The American Civil War

The war of 1861~1865 between the northern states (the Union) and the southern states (the Confederacy) is also called the War between the States or the War of the Rebellion.There were many causes,of which the most important were disagreement over slavery,and the quarrel concerning Federal control and States’ Rights.The direct cause of the war was the election of Lincoln as President;this was followed by the secession of the southern states from the Union and the founding of the Confederacy,with Jefferson Davis as its President.The North had many advantages,a far greater population,more railway lines,and more factories.But the Confederates fought hard and were at first successful:they won the battles of Bull Run and Fredericksburg;but then Lee was defeated at Gettysburg and the Union army led by Grant won control of Mississippi.Admiral Farragant forced New Orleans to surrender:Texas,Arkansas and Louisiana were cut off from the rest of the Confederacy.After the Union won the Vicksburg campaign,Sherman made his march through Georgia to the sea,and Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomatton Court House,Virginia,on April 9,1865.Lincoln was assassinated in the same month.Slavery was declared unconstitutional.The period after the war (Reconstruction),when the South was occupied by the Worth,left bitterness that has not yet entirely vanished.During Reconstruction the southern states were admitted back into the Union.

2.The War of American Independence

(Also called the Revolutionary War 1775~1783)

The struggle of the thirteen British colonies in North America for independence ended in the forming of the USA.The main causes of the war were taxes imposed by the British government,e.g.the Stamp Tax of 1765 and the Tea Tax.The colonies rebelled in 1775;the first shots were fired at Lexington,and the First battle was faught at Bunker Hill.The continental Congress appointed General Washington as leader of its forces,and issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4,1776.General Burgoyne led a British army down from Canada but was forced to surrender at Saratoga (Oct.1777).He was supposed to meet the army of General Howe,who managed to occupy Philadelphia.Washington spent the hard winter of 1777~1778 at Valley Forge,and had difficulty in keeping his men together,France (1778),Spain (1779)and the Netherlands (1780)joined the war against Britain.British forces under Cornwallis won victories in the South where Britain had some popular support,but Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown,Virginia,and forced to surrender (Oct.19/1781),which practically brought the war to an end.At sea,Britain had to fight to keep her naval supremacy,but after Yorktown the American ports were lost one by one.The war was ended by the Treaty of Paris,1783,which recognized the independence of the USA.

3.Slavery in the United States

The African ancestors (祖先) of today’s black Americans were brought to the US as slaves in the seventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenth centuries.They worked on farms,especially the large farms in the southern states.Slowly they became a necessary part of the economic (经济) system (体制) of the South.

Slaves did not have the right of people;according to the law,they were a “thing” which belonged to the person who bought them.They had to obey the orders of their owners without questions.They were not allowed to learn to read;their owners feared the educated slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their freedom.Slaves had to work long hours in very unhealthy conditions.Their owners had complete power over them.They could be bought and sold like animals.At the slave markets,black children were separated from their parents and never allowed to see them again.Slave owners had the right to punish the slaves who broke the law or was against the system.Slaves were often beaten or even killed by their owners.After the Civil War,one free slave reported that his owner killed an older slave who was teaching him to read.In theory an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished.In practice,however,the law meant nothing.

Opposition to slavery began very early in the history of the US-in 1671-but little progress was made until the beginning of the nineteenth century.By 1804 slavery was illegal (非法的) in the northern states.But it continued,and even grew,in the southern states,which depended on cotton for their economic wealth.Slavery,ended in the South only after the Civil War.For blacks,however,the end of slavery was only a beginning,the late beginning of a long and difficult struggle for true justice.

Ⅳ.Teaching Time:Five periods

The First Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn about the USA.

2.Do some listening.

3.Practise describing places to train the students’ speaking ability.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Train the students’ listening ability.

2.Improve the students’ speaking ability by practising describing places using the following useful sentence patterns:

How long/wide/high/tall is the…?

It’s…metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.

There is…in the North.

It looks like…

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to improve the students’ listening ability.

2.How to help the students carry out the task of speaking.

Teaching Methods:

1.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through with the listening material.

2.Discussion to help the students learn about the US.

3.Individual,pair or group work to make every student have a chance to work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1.the multimedia

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Greetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

Step Ⅱ Lead-in

T：Now,let’s begin our class.First,I’ll give you some information about the history of a country.Please guess which country it is.Listen carefully.It is a very young country in the world,which has only a history of 200~300 years.Most people in the country are immigrates The head office of the UN was set up there.Two World Wars didn’t take place there.Now it is the strongest country of the world.Can you guess it?

Ss:Yes.The USA.

Step Ⅲ Warming-up

T:You’re right.Today we’re going to learn Unit 16 The United States of America (Bb:Unit 16 The United States of America).Now,let’s have a quiz to see how much you know about the USA.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Decide if the following sentences are true or false.Write“T”or“F”in the brackets.

1.New York is the largest state in the US. ( )

2.Most state names come from Spanish or English. ( )

3.Atlanta is known as the“Big Apple”. ( )

4.The Constitution was written in 1779. ( )

5.There are 52 stars on the American flag. ( )

6.George Washington was the first American President. ( )

7.The first settlers arrived in North America about 30 000 years ago. ( )

8.The Mississippi River is the longest river in the world. ( )

T:Well,please do it by yourselves.After a while,I’ll check your answers.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

(After a few minutes,teacher checks the students’ answers.)

T:The first one,true or false?

S1:False.

T:Please correct it.

S1:New York is the largest city in the US.

T:Good.The second one?

S2:True.

T:What about the third one?

S3:False.New York is known as the “Big Apple”.

…

Suggested answers:

4.F The Constitution was written in 1787.

5.F There are 50 stars on the American flag.

6.T

7.T

8.F The Mississippi is one of the important rivers in the world.

T:A good job!Now,open your books and turn to Page 41.Please look at the map of the USA and find out the following cities and states:New York,Washington,Florida,Taxas, California,Alaska.

(A few minutes later,teacher says the following.)

T:Please look at the first picture.What place is it?Any volunteer?

S4:It is the famous White House,where the president of the US works and lives with his family.

T:Do you know how it got its name?

S4:No.

T:Who knows?

S5:At first,it was made of gray stone and called the President’s Palace.During the war of 1812,it was burned by British soldiers.Afterwards,it was rebuilt.The walls were painted white to cover up marks left by the fire.Then people began calling the President’s Palace the White House.The name caught on and has remained in use ever since.

T:Wonderful!Next,let’s look at the second picture.It is a famous city,which is it?

S6:New York.

T:Right.Can you guess when the picture was taken?

S6:I think it was taken before the date September 11,2001.

T:How do you know?

S6:Because in the picture,we can see many skyscrapers.Among them,the World Trade Centre and the Empire State Building are most famous,but now the World Trade Centre has already gone.It was exploded by terrorists.

T:Oh,What a pity!Do you know anything else about New York?

Ss:No.

T:New York is America’s cultural capital,where there is the statue of Liberty,the skyscrapers,了the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue,and the many theatres on Broadway.Manhattan,the smallest island in New York,is the real centre of the city.When people say “New York City” they usually mean Manhattan.In 1605,the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland.They bought the island from the American Indians for a few glass necklaces,worth about $26.The most crowded part of New York is perhaps Harlem,where most Black Americans live.The crime rate is among the highest in the Western world.I hope one day some of you will have a chance to visit it.Do you have enough confidence?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.Now,work in pairs or groups.Make a list of things you know about the USA and what you’d like to know more about.(Teacher may encourage the students to make a chart.Several minutes later,teacher collects their charts.)

Sample diagram:

Step Ⅳ Listening

T:OK.We have talked more about the USA.Now let’s listen to a radio programme about New York to help Wang Xiao correct the errors in her notes.Turn to the next page.Let’s look at Ex.1 in the listening part.Here are the notes taken by Wang Xiao after he listens to a radio programme about New York.First read it by yourself.Then I’ll play the tape for you to listen.After that,please correct his errors.

(Teacher plays the tape for the first time.After playing it,teacher gives the students one or two minutes to do Ex.1.At last,teacher checks the answers with the whole class.)

T:OK.Now let’s listen to the tape again and then answer some concerned questions.Before listening,you need to go through with the questions.(Teacher gives the students one minute to read the questions.Then play the tape for the second time.After that,give the students enough time to discuss the answers and check them.)

T:Well done.Please listen to Part 2 of the listening material and then choose the best answers to the question in Ex.3.

(Teacher deals with Ex.3 in the same way.If necessary,play the tape again.)

Step Ⅴ Speaking

T:Everyone loves his own hometown,which is beautiful in their hearts.Now,let’s talk about our hometown.Tell me where your hometown is,Wang Kai.

S7:My hometown lies on the plain of North China.

T:Are there any mountains,rivers or forests?

S7:Yes.There is the famous Mount Taihang to the west,Fenhe River in the centre and a railway from Datong to Fenglingdu across my hometown.

T:What does the landscape look like?

S7:Very beautiful.There are thick forests,clean rivers and pleasant climate.Resources of minerals are also rich,which is called “the Sea of Coal”.Many places of interest,like the ancient city Pingyao,Yungang Rock Cave and Mount Wutai are famous in the world.

T:Well done!Now,look at the last part-Speaking at Page 42.Let’s do some speaking.Choose one of the cards and ask each other questions.You can use a map to help you.Before speaking,please look at the sentence patterns on the screen.They may be of great help to you.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

How long/wide/high/tall is the…?

It’s…metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.

There is…in the North.

It looks like…

Can you make a sentence using each sentence pattern on the screen?

Ss:Yes.

T:Who can try the first sentence pattern?

S8:How tall is the building?

T:Yes.Answer the question,please.

S8:It’s about 100 feet tall.

T:Very good.Make a sentence with the next sentence pattern.Any volunteer?

S9:There is a famous mountain in the north.

T:OK.Sit down,please.The last one?

S10:It looks like a bird’s nest.

T:Good job!Now,work in pairs to talk about your hometown.Ater a while,I’ll ask some students to act out their dialogues before the class.Are you clear about that?

Ss:Yes.

T:Begin,please.

(Teacher goes among the students and joins them.)

T:(After a few minutes)Are you ready?

Ss:Yes.

T:Who’d like to act out your dialogue in front of the class?

(Two students stand up and act out their dialogue before the class.)

Sample dialogue:

A:Could you tell me where your hometown is?

B:My hometown is on the plain of North China,which has a population of 5 000.

A:Is it beautiful?

B:Yes.It lies to the east of Mount Taihang and west of Haihe River.The railway from Beijing to Guangzhou crosses it.There is fertile land,rich resources,simple people and developed trade.It is a brilliant pearl on the plain.

A:Very beautiful!Would you like to take me to visit your hometown if possible?

B:Of course.I’m glad to act as your guide.What about your hometown?

A:On the Loess Plateau lies my hometown.

B:The Loess Plateau?It must be very inaccessible and backward.

A:No.My hometown is not far from the Yellow River,which is more than 5 000 metres long.The traffic is convenient,four seasons clear,climate cool and resources of minerals rich,like coal,iron…I believe my hometown will become more beautiful in the near future.

Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework

T:In this class,we’ve mainly learnt something about the USA by speaking and listening.Besides,we’ve talked about our hometown using the useful sentence patterns,such as:How long/wide/high/tall is the…?It’s…metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.…(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)After class,surf the Internet to get more information about the USA,such as the history of the USA.At last,don’t forget to preview the reading passage.That’s all for today.Class is over.

Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The First Period

Useful Sentence Patterns:

How long/wide/high/tall is the…?

It’s…metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.

There is…in the North.

It looks like…

Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching

The Second Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the following:

deal with,burn down,aim at,in honour of,in vain,proud of,be determined to do,once again

2.Train the students’ reading ability.

3.Help the students learn about the American South.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Improve the students’ reading ability.

2.Master the useful phrases appearing in the reading passage correctly.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students understand the reading material better.

2.How to make the students finish the concerned exercises after reading.

Teaching Methods:

1.Fast-reading to help the students get the general idea of the text.

2.Careful-reading to get some detailed information about the passage.

3.Discussion to help the students finish the concerned exercises.

4.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1.the multimedia

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Greetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

Step Ⅱ Revision and Lead-in

T:In the last period,we talked about our hometown.I have felt that everyone loves his/her hometown,but do you know what your hometown looked like 20~30 years ago?

S1:I have ever heard about it from my Dad.

T:Please tell us about your hometown in the past.We are glad to learn about it.

S1:Thirty years ago,my hometown was very poor.People lived a hard life.There was not enough food and clothing.The living conditions were also very bad.At night,they had to light up the oil lamp to give light.There was almost no entertainment for them then.

T:It seems that they did live a hard life.Now we have said “Goodbye” to the times.Happy life does not come easily,so we should value it.Meanwhile,we shouldn’t forget the past.

Step Ⅲ Pre-reading

T:Now,please turn to Page 43 and look at Ex.1 in Prereading.Make a simple timeline of your cities or villages.Make a list of important events and changes and discuss causes and effects in groups of four.While discussing,you may consider the following areas:employment,education,

population,buildings and streets.Five minutes later,I’ll ask some students to report their answers.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.You can begin.

(Teacher goes among the students and joins them in their discussion.)

T:(Five minutes later)Are you ready?

Ss:Yes.

T:Who’d like to report your result of your discussion?

S2:(The student first shows his timeline to the class and then says the following.)

…before 1945…1945…1958…1978…now

Before the year 1945,our village was very poor.Most people there were illiterate persons.They lived in old and shabby houses.They worked for landlords.In 1945,the village was liberated.They had their own fields and had the right to receive education.In 1958,an agricultural producers’ cooperative was founded.They built houses made of earth and wood.Their life improved.The population began to grow.The land reform system was carried out in 1978.Some of them began to open up factories and do business.Life was becoming richer and richer.They moved into new houses made of bricks and tiles.Now people there have become much richer.They build villas and buy their own cars.Mud roads have been replaced by cement roads.Their factories are doing well,attracting people from different places.Among the young,college students are becoming more and more.Some of them have returned to the village to work.

T:Well done!What do you think are the reasons for the changes?

S2:The leadership of the Party and the Reform and openning Policy.

T:Quite right.Now let’s turn our attention to the USA.Yesterday I asked you to surf the Internet to get some information about the history of the USA.Have you finished it?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.Let’s do an exercise to see whether you’ve learnt about the history of it.Please look at the screen and put the events in the box in the correct place on the timeline.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

…30 000 years ago…1492…1861…1930s…1960s…

1.The American Civil War

2.The Great Depression

3.The Civil Rights Movements

4.The arrival of native Americans

5.The arrival of European settlers

(Teacher allows the students a few minutes to prepare.Then check their answers with the whole class.)

Suggested answers:

…30 000 years ago…1492…18611…1930s…1960s

4 5 1 2 3

T:Good.Now let’s learn more about the American south,which is important to the USA.

Step Ⅳ Reading

T:Now,open your books and turn to Page 43.Let’s learn the passage about the American South.Before reading,Let’s learn the new words in this passage.

(Teacher deals with the new words with the whole class.)

T:Please read the passage quickly and then answer the question:Atlanta is a representative of the American South.Why?

(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answer.)

T:Who’d like to have a try?One student only needs to find out one point.

S3:Like many of its sister cities in the South,Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.When rebuilt,the city had only $1.64.

T:Anything else?

S4:In only five years,most of the city had been rebuilt and Atlanta began to grow.

S5:In Atlanta,Dr. Martin Luther King organised non-violent demonstrations and in the end segregation disappeared.Atlanta was becoming a successful city proud of its cultural diversity.

S6:Modern Atlanta is becoming a booming business centre and the home of the largest and most successful companies in America.

T:Yes,you’re right.Now,read the passage carefully and finish Ex.1 in Post-reading.After that,I’ll check your answers.

Suggested answers:

1-b 2-c 3-d 4-e 5-a

T:Well.You’ve understood the text better.Next,please look at the screen and finish the exercise.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Fill in the blanks with the right phrases.

deal with burn down aim at in honour of in vain proud of

once again be determined to

1.We are______ ______our great socialist motherland.

2.We______ ______ ______fulfil the task.

3.They have learnt to______ ______various problems.

4.Washington,a state in the United States,was named______ ______ ______one of the greatest American presidents.

5.All our work was______ ______.

6.She took exercise every morning,______ ______losing weight.

7.Many houses______ ______ ______in the big fire.

8.Please read the passage______ ______.

Suggested answers:

1.proud of 2.are determined to 3.deal with 4.in honour of 5.in vain 6.aiming at 7.were burnt down 8.once again

Step Ⅴ Listening and Consolidation

T:OK.Now you’ve been familiar with the passage,so close your books and let’s listen to the tape.After that,finish the exercise on the screen.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen and turns on the recorder.After listening,teacher gives the students a few minutes to do it and then checks the answers with the whole class.)

The information below is from the reading passage.Read them and decide if they are true or false.Write the letter “T” if the sentence is true.If it is false,write “F” and correct the error.

1.( )Ever since the Civil War,the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.

2.( )In 1864,when the new mayor of Atlanta started working,the city had a lot of money.

3.( )In 10 years,most of the city had been rebuilt and Atlanta began to grow again.

4.( )After segregation disappeared,Atlanta was becoming a successful city proud of its cultural diversity.

5.( )Atlanta is a representative of the new South,a place where fear and doubt have replaced hope and faith.

6.( )Today,the South is known for its beautiful scenery.

Suggested answers:

1.T

2.F In 1864,when the new mayor of Atlanta started working,the city had only $1.64.

3.F In only five years,most of the city had been rebuilt and Atlanta began to grow again.

4.T

5.F Atlanta is a representative of the new South,a place where hope and faith have replaced fear and doubt.

6.F Today,the South is known for its hospitality.

Step Ⅵ Post-reading

T:Well,let’s discuss some questions.Turn to Page 45 and finish Ex.2 in Post-reading by discussing in groups of four.After that,I’ll ask some of you to report the results.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

T:(Several minutes later)Who’d like to answer the first question?

S7:…

(The question is similar to the one asked at the beginning,so the answer to it is omitted.)

T:Good.The second one,who can try it?

S8:In the Civil War.Atlanta was destroyed.Rebuilding the city needed a lot of money,but at that time it had only $1.64.During the time the city was being rebuilt,the people of it met with the Depression.In the 1960s,Atlanta saw a series of fierce fights against segregation.

T:You’re right.The last question?

S9:…

Suggested answers:

1.central 2.Civil 3.former 4.greedy 5.fiercer

T:You all did very well.Please open your books and turn to Page 45.Finish Ex.2 in Word Study.You may use the rules of word formation to help you.First do it by yourself,and then check your answers with your partner.Finally,check your answers with the screen.(After the students have finished and checked them with their partners,teacher shows the following on the screen.)

adj.→n.

hard hardship

willing willingness

commerce commercial

poor poverty

v.→n.

suffer suffering

begin beginning

depress depression

reconstruct reconstruction

destroy destruction

adj.→玜dv.

slow slowly

social socially

economic economically

sure surely

rapid rapidly

greedy greedily

T:Now,let’s look at Ex.1.Pick out one word from each group that is different.Before doing,I’ll give you an example first.(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard:injustice impossible unhappy important disappear,and then says the following.)Look at the blackboard,please.Here are five words.Among them one word is different from the others.Can you pick it out?

S9:The word “important” is different from the others.

T:Pleae tell us why it is different.

S9:I use the rules of word formation to pick it out.Because these words are all with some negative prefixes except “important”.The word “important” cannot be divided into two parts “im+portant”,if so,it will not be a complete word and lost its meaning.Am I right?

T:Yes.you’re right.Do you know how to do the exercise?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.Now,please do it quickly.After a while,I’ll ask some students to say your answers and explain them.(A few minutes later.)Are you ready now?

Ss:Yes.

T:The first group,Wang Li,please.

S10:“Heater”is different from the others.Because each of these words has an suffix “-er”,but their meanings are different.All the words refer to a person except “heater”,which refers to a thing.

T:Good.Let’s go on.The second one,Li Jun,please.

S11:The word “respect” is different.Because the word cannot be divided into two parts “re+spect”,if so,its meaning is lost,while the other words are made up of two parts:re+construction/cover/place/build.The prefix “re-” means “again”.

T:Quite right.Next student,go on,please.

S12:“Monument” is different from the others.Because we know when we add the suffix “-ment” to a verb,the verb will be changed into a noun,while the word “monument” doesn’t belong to the case.

S13:“Post-war”is different.Because the prefixes“non-,un-,in-”in these words all mean “not”,while the prefix“post-”in the word“post-war”means“after”.

S14:The word “entry” is different from the other words.Except “entry”,the others are adjectives.They all have a suffix “-y”,while “entry” doesn’t have.The “-y” in the word is not a suffix.

S15:“Display” is different.We know “dis-” is a negative prefix,meaning “not”.When we add the prefix to a word,the word’s meaning is opposite,while “display” is not the opposite of the word “play”.

T:You all did very well.

Step Ⅳ Grammer

T:Now,please look at the sentences on the screen.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

It is impossible that lost time can be made up.

2.Rules are made so that they can not be broken.

3.I don’t mind their inviting him.

4.She enjoys their interviewing her.

Rewrite the sentences on the screen using the correct non-finite passive form.Before doing them,let’s review non-finite verbs together.

T and Ss:The verb that cannot be used as the predicate is called the non-finite verb.The “v.-ing,v.-ed or to do cannot act as the predicate,so we call them the non-finite verb.”

T:OK.Do you know the passive form of the non-finite verb?

S16:The passive form of them is separately “being done” “or“to be done”.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)

T:Very good.Please finish the sentences on the screen.After a while,I’ll check your answers.

Suggested answers:

1.It is impossible for lost time to be made up.

2.Rules are made to be broken.

3.I don’t mind his being invited.

4.She enjoys being interviewed.

T:Well done!Turn to Page 46 and do Ex.1 in Grammar.Rewrite the following sentences using the correct non-finite passive form.Before doing it,you can go through with the given example first.Five minutes later,I’ll check the answers with the whole class.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.You can begin.

(After five minutes,teacher checks the answers.)

Suggested answers:

1.I expected to be told more about the south of the US.

2.I don’t want to be bothered by anyone.

3.I don’t mind bad things being said about me by him.

4.I want myself to be left alone.

5.He insists on him being shown respect by us.

6.Will they allow the book to be taken out of the library by anyone?

T:Well,let’s go on with Ex.2.Read the article and then fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verbs in the brackets.First do it by yourself.Then check the answers with your partner.Finally,I’ll check your answers.

Suggested answers:

interested,knowing,to know,seeing,flying,to solve,looking,looking for,to put,to look/looking,to find,check,to interview,amazing

Step Ⅴ Consolidation

T:Now,let’s do an exercise to consolidate the grammar item-Non-finite Verbs,especially their passive forms.Please look at the screen.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Put the sentences into English using the correct non-finite passive form.

1.那个男孩不喜欢被老师提问。

2.我希望被推荐做这份工作。

3.他不介意被单独留在家。

4.小时候，老师常常要求我把每一篇课文都背下来。

5.她坚决要求我带她参观一下学校。

Suggested answers:

1.The boy dislikes being asked in class by the teacher.

2.I hope to be recommended for the job.

3.She doesn’t mind her being left alone at home.

4.As a child,teachers often asked every text to be learnt by heart.

5.She insisted on her being shown around the school.

Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework

T:In this period,we’ve reviewed some new words appearing in the last period and done some exercises about word formation.We’ve also reviewed the Non-finite Verb,especially its passive form.After class,you should do more exercises to consolidate what we’ve learnt in class.At the end,prepare for the next period.That’s all.Class is over.

Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The Third Period

Ⅰ.injustice impossible unhappy important disappear

Ⅱ.Grammar:Non-finite Verbs

v.-ing→being done

to do→to be done

Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching

The Fourth Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the following:

(1)Words:plain kilogram clothing chief afterwards widespread rot supply chain willing category

(2)Phrases:in huge numbers from…(time)on/onwards make agreements with die out in turn have an effect on

2.Review Non-finite Verbs and words used to discribe a place.

3.Train the students’ integrating skills,especially writing skill.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Master the following useful phrases:

in huge numbers from…(time)on/onwards

make agreements with die out in turn

have an effect on

2.Learn to write a comparison essay.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students understand the passage better.

2.How to help the students finish the task of writing.

Teaching methods:

1.Revision to consolidate what we’ve learnt in the unit.

2.Fast and careful reading to help the students understand the passage better.

3.Discussion to help the students prepare for writing.

Teaching Aids:

1.the multimedia

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Greetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

Step Ⅱ Revision

T:Yesterday we reviewed Non-finite Verbs,especially their passive forms.Do you remember that?

Ss:Yes.

T:Very good.Li lin,can you tell us how to change “to do” and “doing” into their passive forms?

S1:The passive from of “to do” is “to be done”,while the passive form of “doing” is “being done”.

T:Can you make sentences with “to be done” and “being done”?

S1:I don’t want to be misunderstood by others.I don’t mind Li Ping being recommended as our monitor instead of me.

T:Well done!So much for revision.

Step Ⅲ Reading

T:In the second period,we talked about the history of the USA.We know that native Americans were the first settlers on the plains of America.Today we’re going to read a passage to learn about the plains of America.Before reading,let’s learn the new words first.(Teacher deals with the new words with the whole class and makes some explanations if necessary.After that,teacher says the following:)

T:Now,please look at the picture on the screen.(Show the picture on the screen.)

T:Do you know what the animal is called?

Ss:No.

T:Its name is bison.It is a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.Would you like to know more about the bison?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.Please open your books at Page 46.Read the passage quickly and find the answers to the questions on the screen.

(Teacher shows the questions on the screen.)

1.In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?

2.What caused a big change in the wildlife on the plains?

(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)

T:Well,stop please!Have you found the answers?

Ss:Yes.

T:Li Tao,answer the first question,please.

S2:The settlers killed them,forced them to leave their hunting grounds,broke agreements they had made,forced them onto poor land,and killed most of the bison on which Native Americans had relied for food.

T:Right.Ther second one?Liu Wei,please.

S3:The killing of large numbers of bison changed the whole wildlife chain on the plains.

T:Good.Now,read the passage carefully again and do the exercise on the screen.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Tick the sentences that are true and correct the false ones.

1.( )The first settlers on the plains were farmers.

2.( )Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers.

3.( )The settlers did not deal honestly with the native Americans.

4.( )Settlers ended up with better land than the native Americans.

5.( )Later settlers made use of the bison in the same way as the native Americans.

After reading,first do it by yourself,and then check your answers with your partner.At last,I’ll check the answers.

Suggested answers:

1.F The first settlers on the plains were native Americans who lived by gathering roots,nuts and wild fruits and hunting wild animals.

2.F They were forced to move away.

3.T

4.T

5.F Native Americans made use of the whole animal when they killed it,but later settlers took only the skins of the bison.

T:You all did a good job!Now,you’ve understood the passage better.Please look at the screen.Let’s learn some useful expressions in it.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen and explains the use of them to the students.)

1.in huge numbers:in big/large/great numbers

e.g.Food supplies are coming in large numbers.One afternoon I saw ants coming out in huge numbers.

2.a shoulder-height:height from the ground to the shoulder.This is the common way of measuring many large animals,e.g.horses,cattle,deer.

3.from…(time)on/onwards

e.g.from now on/onwards from 1980 onwards

From 1990 onwards the city began to take on a new look.

4.make/come to/arrive at/sign an agreement/agreements with sb.

e.g.China made an agreement on anti-terrorism with the five countries in the Middle Asia.

5.in turn

e.g.The teacher asked his students to speak in turn.

6.die out

e.g.Many animals are dying out because of pollution and killing.

7.have an effect on/upon

e.g.The cold in spring usually has a bad effect on the growth of plants.

The medicine had no side effects on your body.

(Bb:in huge numbers,a shoulder-height,from…(time)on/onwards,make agreements with sb.,die out,in turn,have an effect on).

T:OK.Now I’ll give you more time to reread the last paragraph and then complete the diagram on the screen.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Suggested answers:

(1)kill (2)bison waste (3)Bison (4)soil (5)grass (6)insects (7)birds

wolves

T:Well,let’s listen to the tape without looking at your books,trying to remember everything.Then do another exercise on the screen.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Put the sentences in the correct order according to your knowledge about the wildlife.

( )A So there was not enough bison waste to improve the soil.

( )B The plants were getting fewer and fewer.

( )C Millions of bison were killed by settlers.

( )D The soil became poorer,and supported fewer plants.

( )E The insects living on the plants died out.

( )F The wolves and other animals that lived on birds and prairie dogs would have to starve.

( )G With less insects birds couldn’t get enough food and neither could prairie dogs.

Suggested answers:

A-(2) B-(4) C-(1) D-(3) E-(5) F-(7) G-(6)

Step Ⅳ Preparation for Writing

T:In the first period,we talked about our hometown,we’ve also learned some useful expressions to describe our hometown.Do you still remember them?

Ss:Yes.

T:Very good.Now,please work in pairs to complete the form on the screen using your knowledge about describing a place.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Category Examples of words and phrases

Position

Area

Climate

Population

People

Culture Economy

Suggested answers:

Position:in the north/south of…;in Asia/Europe/America,province

Area:km2,with an area of…

Climate:cold,warm,cool,temperature,rain,cloudy,windy,snow

Population:million,billion,thousand,hundred,big,with a population of

People:hospitality,friendly,honest,kind,brave,modest

Culture and Economy:developed,developing,prosperous,industry,agriculture,business,tourism

Step Ⅴ Writing

T:OK.Today we’re going to write a comparison essay.By comparison,we’ll make people from different countries learn about our country.Before writing,you need to know how to write an essay of this kind.Now,turn to Page 48.Read the tips aloud and learn how to write a comparison essay.

(Teacher gives the students a few minutes to read the tips and then deals with the writing part.)

T:Now imagine that an American middle school student has sent you an e-mail asking for help.The American student has been asked to write about different parts of China.Write a letter to him and compare China and the USA.You can use information at Page 48 from this table if you wish.First,discuss with your partner what to write and make lists of the important similarities and differences.Then,begin to write it on your paper.After finishing it,exchange your writing with your partner and correct the mistakes in it.At last,I’ll ask some students to read out your essay before the class if time permits.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.You can begin.

One possible sample:

Dear ××,

Thank you for your sending me the e-mail.I’ve read it.I’m glad to know you’re interested in China.I’ll try my best to help you learn about China.I hope the letter is of great help to you.

The USA and the PRC are both large countries.Some things about the two countries are similar,while other things are different.

The two countries are about the same size,but the PRC is a little larger with an area of 9.6 million km2.However,the population of PRC is many times larger.It has a population of nearly 1.3 billion but the USA has only about 283 million.This means that there is much more space in the USA for its population.

Many different languages are spoken in China,for example Chinese,Mongolian,Zhuang,etc.In the USA many different languages are also spoken,but the main ones are English and Spanish.Both countries have many different minority groups.For example,in the PRC there are the Miao,the Hui and the Uighurs.The USA has a large black population,and there are also many people from Central America.There is a small Chinese population in the USA too.

Three of the important cities in the USA are New York,the largest city in the USA,Washington,the capital,and Los Angeles.In the PRC there are many cities with large populations.Among the best known are Beijing,the capital,Tianjin,Chongqing and Shanghai,the largest city in the PRC.

Best wishes.

Yours,

×××

Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework

T:In this class,we’ve reviewed the contents in the last periods by doing some exercises.We’ve also read a passage about the bison on the plains of America and learnt some useful phrases in it.At last,we’ve learnt to write a comparison essay-the USA and China.When writing a comparison essay,we can consider the following:area,population,language,minority groups and Important cities.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)After class,review the whole unit.If you haven’t finished your letter,go on with it.So much for today.Class is over.

Step Ⅶ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The Fourth Period

Ⅰ.Useful Phrases:

in huge numbers a shoulder-height from…(time) on/onwards make agreements with

die out in turn have an effect on

Ⅱ.How to write a comparison essay

Area Population Languages Minority groups Important cities

Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching

The Fifth Period

Non-finite Verbs

Teaching Aim:

Revise the Non-finite Verbs and Non-finite passive form.Get the students to do some exercises to master its usage,and correct the common mistakes that students make when doing exercises.

Teaching Important Point:

Master the usage of the Non-finite verb form,especially how to choose the correct form when we use it.

Teaching Difficult Point:

How to choose the correct form when the v.-ing form is used as adverbial and how to change the v.-ing form into a clause.

Teaching Methods:

Review inductive,discussion methods.

Teaching Aids:

1.the blackboard

2.the multimedia

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Greetings and Lead-in

(Greet the students as usual.)

T:In this class,we’ll discuss how to use the Non-finite Verb.Let’s divide it into three parts,i.e.the Infinitive,the v.-ing and the Past Participle.Then we’ll do some exercises to master its usage and at last we’ll do a test.OK.Let’s study the first part: The Infinitive (Write them on the blackboard.)

Step Ⅱ Discussion

(Teacher lets students look at some sentences on the screen and pay attention to the under lined phrases.)

T:Please look at these sentences on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

I want to go shopping.(object)

2. To answer the question is not easy.(subject)

3.Would you like anything to drink?(attribute)

4.He went to help the farmers. (adverbial)

5.She wanted you to ring her.(object complement)

As you know,the infinitives in these sentences are used as subject,object,object complement,attribute and adverbial for purpose.Maybe some of them are hard for you to master,but in fact they are very important.

Step Ⅲ Summary the Forms,the Tenses

and the Usages of the Infinitive and the

Infinitive Phrase

T:Today let’s sum up and review the forms and usages of the Infinitives.Please look at the diagram on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Forms of the Infinitive

Active Passive

Indefinite to do to be done

Perfect to have done to have been done

Continuous to be doing --

Perfect continuous to have been doing --

Negative form not/never to do

T:The tenses of the infinitive express time relatively to that of the predicate verb.If the action expressed by the infinitive is of the same time as or of later time than that expressed by the predicate verb,the infinitive or continuous forms should be used.If the action expressed by the infinitive is of earlier time than that expressd by the predicated verb,the perfect infinitive should be used.Please look at the examples on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

I hope to visit Beijing again.=I hope that I’ll visit Beijing again.

He seemed to have known this.=It seemed that he had known this.

He seems to be studying hard.=It seems that he is studying hard.

T:Attention,please.

(1)The Infinitive without “to” is used after the verbs:make,have,let,feel,listen to,hear,watch,look at,see,notice,observe,etc.

(Write them on the blackboard.)

e.g.We saw him cross the street.

I listened to her sing a song.

But in the Passive Voice,the infinitive with “to” must be used.

e.g.He was seen to cross the street.

She was heard to open the door.

(2)The infinitive can be with “to”or without “to” after the verb “help”.

e.g.He helped me(to)carry the books upstairs.

Step Ⅳ Consolidation and Practice

T:Now you have known the usages of the Infinitive.Let’s do some exercise.Please look at the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks:

1.They asked me______it a secret.

A.to keep B.keeping C.to be kept D.kept

2.The doctor did everything he could______the patient.

A.save B.to save C.saving D.saved

3.They don’t need______so early this time.

A.leave B.left C.to leave D.leaving

4.Could you lend me a pen______?

A.to write B.to write by C.to write in D.to write with

5.It was foolish______you to give up what you rightly owned.

A.for B.of C.about D.from

6.Last summer I took a course on______.

A.how to make dresses B.how dresses he made

C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made

7.Tom kept quiet about the accident______lose his job.

A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to

8.-The light in the office is still on.

-Oh,I forgot______.

A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

9.We agreed______here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met

10.John was made______the truck for a week as a punishment.

A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

Suggested answers:

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A

T:Now let’s deal with Part 2:the v.-ing(Write it on the blackboard)Please look at the screen.Pay attention to the function of the underlined parts.(Show them on the screen.)

1.Beating a child will do more harm than good.

2.I hate writing letters.

3.Do you mind my making a suggestion?

4.I’m looking forward to seeing you at Christmas.

5.Your hair needs cutting.(=Your hair needs to be cut.)

T:Who can tell us the function of the v.-ing in each sentence?Please try your best.

S1:I’ll try.No.1,“beating” is used as subject.No.2,3,4,5,all the v.-ing are used as objects.

T:Can we transform the second sentence into “I hate to write letters”?

Ss:No,we can’t.

T:You’re right.In English,the v.-ing is only used after some verbs,they are:admit,avoid consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse feellike,finish,give up,can’t help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,understand.(Write them on the Bb.)

e.g.Have you considered getting a job in the city?I enjoy travelling abroad.

Attention,please.

When the v.-ing is used after “need,require and want”,it can express the passive meaning.

e.g.The garden needs watering.(=The garden needs to be watered.)

T:Now,look at some other sentences on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.The train standing at Platform Eight is for Wuhan.

2.People shopping carry many plastic bags.

3.Hearing the noise,they immediately rushed out of the room.

4.Having graduated from the college,he went to a factory.

Have a discussion in groups of four and then find out the function of the v.-ing(or present participle)in each sentence.

(Teacher goes among the students to help them.)

(A few minutes later)

T:OK.Who wants to say?

S2:Let me try.In No.1 and 2,the v.-ing is used as attribute.In No.3 and 4,the v.-ing is used as adverbial.

T:You’re right.We should notice No.3 and 4.When the action takes place at the same time or immediately before the action indicated by the main verb,we use the v.-ing form.When the action has been finished before the action indicated by the main verb,we should use the perfect participle-having done.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅴ Practice

T:Now,let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen,please.Change the clause into a v.-ing form in each sentence.You can make any change if necessary.You may discuss in pairs.

(Show the following on the blackboard)

1.As Peter was feeling ill,he decided to stay at home.

2.When I had finished my homework,I began to preview my lessons.

3.If you heat water,you can change it into steam.

4.They stood at the east end of the bridge and waited for the bus.

Suggested answers:

1.Being ill,Peter decided to stay at home.

2.Having finished my homework,I began to preview my lessons.

3.Heating water,you can change it into steam.

4.They stood at the east end of the bridge,waiting for the bus.

T:From the sentences above,we can see that the v.-ing form can be used to express cause(1),time(2),condition(3)and manner or accompanied situation(4).Generally speaking,when the v.-ing form is used to express cause,time or condition,it is often put before the main clause;when it is used to express manner or accompanied situation,it is often put after the main clause.Are you clear about it?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅵ Consolidation

T:Now let’s do some exercises on the screen.You can discuss in pairs.Then I’ll check the answers.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Complete these sentences with the given words using the v.-ing forms:

1.______a brave woman,the servant let him into the castle.(be)

2.______fire to the castle,the two escaped into the woods.(set)

3.With his heart______hard,he knocked at the door.(beat)

4.______for three days,the revolutionary arrived at the castle.(travel)

5.While______near the gates,he saw a vegetable cart coming along the road.(wait)

Suggested answers:

1.Being 2.Having set 3.beating 4.Having travelled 5.waiting

(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)

T:Now let’s look at the third part:Past Participle.(Write them on the blackboard.)

We know that the Past Participle can be used as attribute to modify a noun.Now look at these sentences.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.The stolen car was found by the police last night.

2.I received the letter written by my old friend Jane.

T:Can you tell us the difference between the Past Participles used in these two sentences?

S3:Let me try.The Past Participle in the first sentence is put before the noun it modifies,but the one in the second sentence is put after the noun it modifies.

T:Yes,you’re right.Does anyone know why?

S4:I think it’s because in the first sentence,the Past Participle is only one word,but in the second sentence,it’s a Past Participle phrase.

T:That’s right.Now,look at some different sentences.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.Don’t speak until spoken to.

2.Given more time,we could do the work better.

3.Destroyed by the earthquake,the house had to be rebuilt.

T:What are these Past Participles used as?

Ss:They’re all used as adverbial.

T:Yes.You’re right.And we know that the Past Participle as Adverbial can express different adverbials,such as time,cause,condition,manner.Do you know what the Past Participle in each sentence expresses?Who knows?

S5:The Past Participle in the first sentence expresses time.The second one expresses condition.And the last one expresses cause.

T:Let’s look at the blackboard.

(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard.)

1.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.

2.Seeing from the hill,we can see our beautiful school.

T:Look at these two sentences carefully.Who can tell us the difference between them?

S6:The first sentence uses the Past Participle as the Adverbial while the second sentence uses the Present Participle as the Adverbial.

T:Good.Do you know why?

S7:Because the subject in the first sentence is “our school”,but in the second sentence the subject is “we”.

T:Very good.When we are using Participles,we should pay attention to the subjects in the sentences,and the Participle we use must have the same logical subject as the subject in the sentence.If the subject in the sentence receives the action,we should use the Past Participle as Adverbial;if the subject in the sentence does the action,we should use the Present Participle as Adverbial.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅶ Practice

T:OK.Now,look at the screen.Let’s do some more exercises.You may discuss with your partner.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers______by her mother.

A.buying B.being bough C.were bought D.bought

2.______along the street,he came across his old friend.

A.Walking B.Walked C.Walk D.To walk

3.The man______Li Ming used to live here.

A.called B.calling C.to call D.call

4.The sports meet______last week is very important.

A.holding B.being held C.held D.hold

Suggested answers:

1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C

Step Ⅷ Test

T:That’s all for the three parts.Now let’s have a test.You have to do it by yourself.After a while,I’ll check the answers.Look at the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.______the past,our life is much better.

A.Comparing with B.Be compared

C.To compare with D.Compared with

2.I went to see him,______him out.

A.finding B.find C.only to find D.to finding

3.He was so foolish______his car unlocked.

A.to leave B.that leave C.as to leave D.for him to leave

4.Why do you stand and watch the milk______over?

A.boiling B.boiled C.from boiling D.having been boiled

5.I regret______you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A.informing B.having informed

C.to inform D.to informing

6.Excuse me,but it’s time to have your temperature______.

A.taking B.to be taken C.take D.taken

7.This book is worthy of______twice.

A.reading B.read C.having read D.being read

8.______from space,the earth,with water______seventy percent of its surface,looks like a blue ball.

A.Seen;covered B.Seen;covering

C.Seeing;covering D.Seeing;covered

9.Why do you have the lights______all night long?

A.burn B.to burn C.burning D.burned

10.______in the heavy snow,he walked into a shop.

A.Having caught B.To be caught C.Having been caught D.Catching

Suggested answers:

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.C

Step Ⅸ Homework

T:After class,you should do more exercises to master them.OK.Time is up.So much for today.See you tomorrow!

Ss:See you tomorrow!

Step Ⅹ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The Fifth Period

Non-finite Verbs

Ⅰ.The Infinitive

make,have,let,feel,listen to,hear,watch,look at,see,notice,observe etc.

Ⅱ.The v.-ing

admit,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,give up,can’t help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,understand

Ⅲ.Past Participle

1.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.

2.Seeing from the hill,we can see our beautiful school.

Step Ⅺ Record after Teaching