Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.异域风情
The African ancestors of today’s black Americans were brought to the US as slaves in the seventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenth centuries.They worked on farms,especially the large farms in the southern states.Slowly they became a necessary part of the economic system of the South.
Slaves did not have the rights of people;according to the law,they were a “thing” which belonged to the person who bought them.They had to obey the orders of their owners without questions.They were not allowed to learn to read;their owners feared the educated slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their freedom.Slaves had to work long hours in every unhealthy conditions.Their owners had complete power over them.They could be bought and sold like animals.At the slave markets,black children were separated from their parents and never allowed to see them again.Slave owners had the right to punish the slaves who broke the law or was against the system.Slaves were often beaten or even killed by their owners.After the Civil War,one free slave reported that his owner killed an older slave who was teaching him to read.In theory an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished.In practice,however,the law meant nothing.
Opposition to slavery began very early in the history of the US-in 1671-but little progress was made until the beginning of the nineteenth century.By 1804 slavery was illegal in the northern states.But it continued,and even grew,in the southern states,which depended on cotton for their economic wealth.Slavery ended in the South only after the Civil War.For blacks,however,the end of slavery was only a beginning,the late beginning of a long and difficult struggle for true justice.
Ⅱ.知识归纳
1.在英语中，do,have,make,take这四个动词，加上名词作宾语（名词前可有形容词）构成词组，可以表达许多不同含义，其意义相当于在名词前加上一个相关动词，现分述如下：
(1)do+名词
e.g.Mary has done (=has written) an article.
玛丽写了一篇文章。
He will do(=draw) a large portrain of Ren Changxia.
他要为任长霞画一幅大画像。
do computer study=study computer
do the room=clean the room
do the dishes=wash the dishes
do one’s hair=comb one’s hair
do one’s teeth=brush one’s teeth
do the fish=cook the fish
do the puzzle=work out the puzzle
do science=study science
do a comedy=act a comedy
do a concert=hear a concert
do the tower=visit the tower
do Japan=visit Japan
do 20 miles=travel 20 miles
do one’s guests well=serve one’s guests well
有时宾语也可用doing,并在doing前加some。
do some reading=read some books,read some pages
do some studying=study something
do some walking=walk for some time
还有do most of the talking,do some morning shopping等。
(2)have+名词
e.g.We had a long talk(=talked for a long time) last Sunday.
上星期天我们进行了一次长谈。
They’re having a rest(=resting).
他们在休息。
此类结构常见的还有：
have a chat,have a look at…,have a drink,have an interview,have a smoke,have a fight,have a bath,have a dream
名词前可有修饰成分，如have no respect,have no wish,have some good laughs,have one more try等。
有时意义上等于在名词前加上一个相关的动词，如：
have a lesson (class)上一节课
have an X-ray进行X光检查
have a great success取得很大成功
have a small accident出了小事故
have a headache(a flu,cold)得头疼病（流感，感冒）
have a baby生孩子
have one’s advice听从某人的建议
have a telegram收到一封电报
have an answer有了答案
(3)make+名词（相当于名词的动词含义）
e.g.The police made an examination in her room.
警察检查了她的房间。
The teacher made a clear explanation.
老师清楚地作了解释。
We made a comparison of the two articles.
我们把这两篇文章作了比较。
make an attempt=attempt
make a suggest=suggest
还有make a visit参观，make a long stay住了很长时间，make another start又重新开始了，make preparations作准备，make arrangements作安排，make decisions作决定，make a choice作选择，make a map画一张地图，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象
（4）take+名词（相当于名词相应的动词）
e.g.He took a look at(=look at) this book.
他看了一下这本书。
I want to take a nap(=nap).
我想午休一会儿。
这类词组还有：
take a bath 洗澡
take a walk散步
take exercise进行锻炼
take an action采取行动
take an examination进行考试，进行检查
take a trip旅行
take a vacation度假
相当于“吃，喝，吸（入）”，如：
take the food,take pills,take medicine,take tea (coffee),take a glass of beer,take sugar,take a breath of fresh air,还有：take a taxi(bus,train…)坐出租车（公共汽车，火车……）
take a room要一个房间，租用一个房间
take one’s advice接受……的建议
take a job承担一项工作
take one’s degree接受……学位
take chemistry选学化学
2.with的一种用法
with之后可以加一个抽象名词，构成名词短语，作用相当于这一名词相对应的副词。
e.g.He looked at her with respect(=respectfully).
他恭敬地看着她。
She told Tom the story with a smile(=smilingly).
她微笑着给汤姆讲了个故事。
He accepted the invitation with pleasure(=pleasurably).
他愉快地接受了邀请。
这类词组常见的还有：
with calmness=calmly冷静地
with curiosity=curiously好奇地
with surprise=surprisingly惊奇地
with ease=easily轻易地
with difficulty 艰难地
with amazement惊奇地
with sympathy同情地
with disapproval不满地
with fear害怕地
with delight (joy)高兴地
with envy妒忌地
with anger生气地
with efficiency有效地
with one accord voice异口同声地
with tears in one’s eyes含泪地
in+名词也可以这样用。例如：
“How did you come here?”He asked in surprise(=surprisingly).
“你是怎么到这儿的？”他惊奇地问。
Jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully).
杰克害怕得闭上了眼睛。
His sister stared at him in amazement(=amazingly).
他的妹妹惊奇地看着他。
He came home in high cheerfulness(=cheerfully).
他兴高采烈地回了家。
常见的这类词组还有：
in terror害怕地
in astonishment惊奇地
in anxiety焦急地
in amazement惊奇地
in confusion大惑不解地
in alarm惊慌地
in curiosity好奇地
in great happiness非常愉快地
in a hurry急忙地
in a low voice低声地
in hatred and despair满怀仇恨和绝望地
in earnest 认真地
Ⅲ.同义词语辨析
1.murder,kill,massacre
(1)murder是“谋杀，杀害”的意思。英语意思是to kill unlawfully,especially on purpose。
e.g.The bandits murdered the man for his money.
歹徒为了谋取他的钱而杀害了他。
Every two hours someone was murdered.
每两个小时就有一人被谋杀。
(2)kill用于因凶器或在非常事故中死亡的场合。英语的意思是cause to die。
e.g.His father was killed in a railway accident.
他父亲在一次火车事故中身亡。
Only a few people were killed in the earthquake.
地震中只有少数人死亡。
He killed him with a spear.
他用矛刺死了他。
kill还可作“使……难受之极，使……极其尴尬，使失去，消磨（时间）”解。
e.g.My back killed me.
我的背非常难受。
It killed him to admit he is wrong.
承认他错了使他感到极为尴尬。
The joy killed the audience.
这个玩笑让观众笑得要死。
The train was late,so we killed time by playing cards.
火车晚点了，我们就打牌消磨时间。
（3）massacre“大屠杀”，英语意思是to kill a number of people without mercy。
e.g.When the soldiers captured the town,they massacred all the inhabitants.
当敌兵占领这座城市后，他们屠杀了城里的所有居民。
另外，表示“为……而献出生命”的同义词组有：
devote one’s life to…
dedicate one’s life to…
give one’s life for…
lay down one’s life for…
lose one’s life for…
另外还有一些词组可以用来表示“死”，但此用法较委婉：
(sb.)pass away;one’s heart stop beating forever;
(sb.)sleep peacefully;those who have fallen;
(sth.)cost sb. his life;sb.is dead and gone;
(sb.)be in heaven for some time
2.ask for,require,demand
(1)ask for指要求得到具体的物质的东西，普通用词。也可用ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，语气较客气。
e.g.He asked for some money.
他让了一些钱。
He asked his mother to wake him at six in the morning.
他让他母亲早上六点叫醒他。
I asked that I (should be) was allowed to see her.
我请求允许我看望她。
(2)require“要求，有必要”,语气不如demand强，一般强调从需要、规章、惯例出发，要求别人做某事，含有客观上必要的，缺此不可的性质。
e.g.He has done all that was required of him.
凡需要他做的他都做了。
How many days will be required to finish this work?
完成这项工作需要多少天？
(3)demand“要求，需要”,指坚持要得到某物或坚持要做某事，用于人时，通常表示提出要求的一方认为他们有权这样做，语气较强烈，有时带有强制的意味；用于物时，指一般的“需要”，这时可和require,want,need等词互换。
e.g.The Iraqi people demanded that the USA soldiers should get out of Iraq.
伊拉克人要求美国兵从伊拉克撤退。
All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights.
整个一生他都认为如果人民没有权利的话，要求社会变革是正确的，而且是必要的。
The work demands(=requires,wants,needs,etc,) great skill.
这个工作需要熟练的技巧。
Ⅳ.能力训练
1.同义句转换
他们把黑人作为奴隶对待。
（1）They ______ blacks as slaves.
（2）They ______ blacks as slaves.
（3）They ______ blacks as slaves.
（4）They ______ blacks as slaves.
（5）They ______ ______blacks as slaves.
（6）They ______ blacks as slaves.
（7）They ______ blacks ______ ______ slaves.
答案：(1)treated (2)took (3)regarded (4)had (5)looked on (6)considered
(7)considered;to be
二十加十等于三十。
(1)Twenty and (plus) ten ______thirty.
(2)Twenty and (plus) ten ______ ______ ______ thirty.
(3)Twenty and (plus) ten ______thirty.
(4)Twenty and (plus) ten ______thirty.
答案：(1)equal/equals (2)are/is equal to (3)are/is (4)make/makes
经理进来时他恭恭敬敬地站在那里。
(1)He stood there ______ when the manager came in.
(2)He stood there ______ ______ when the manager came in.
答案：(1)respectfully (2)with respect
这个学生在认真地做作业。
(1)The student was doing his homework ______.
(2)The student was doing his homework ______ ______.
答案：(1)earnestly (2)in earnest
2.用适当的词填空
(1)相对论使得爱因斯坦在全世界出名了。
Theory of relativity ______ Einstein ______ all over the world.
答案：made;famous
(2)金为美国黑人的政治权利而奋斗。
King fought for ______ ______ for blacks in the USA.
答案：political rights
(3)金相信他能通过和平行动而不是暴力来达到他们的目标。
King believed that he could ______ his ______ by ______ ______,not by ______.
答案：achieve;goal;peaceful action;violence
(4)她后来被警察逮捕了。
Later she was ______ by the police.
答案：arrested
(5)在这个国家经常举行反对种族歧视的非暴力的示威游行。
In this country,there are many ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案：nonviolent demonstrations against racial discrimination
(6)他的讲话鼓舞不同种族的人民为平等权利而斗争。
His speech ______ people of all races to fight for ______.
答案：inspired;equality
Ⅴ.高考真题
1.(2004北京卷)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics______by 2006.
A.has been completed
B.has completed
C.will have been completed
D.will have completed
简析：选C。本句意思是：“北京市市长说所有北京奥运会的建设工作将在2006年前完工。”“work”和“complete”是被动关系，句子应用将来完成时态，所以选C。
2.(2004上海卷)The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused
简析：选C。全句的意思是：“人们认为感冒是由病毒引起的，这种病毒喜欢在人的鼻子和喉咙中繁殖。”“感冒”和“引起”之间为被动关系。这里叙述一般情况，应选C。B为“正在引起”，D为“已经引起”。
3.(2004上海卷)The disc,digitally ______ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded
B.recording
C.to be recorded
D.having recorded
简析：选A。disc和record之间是被动关系，作定语时，不定式表示未来动作，及物动词的过去分词表示完成了的被动动作，故这里应选A。
4.（2004上海卷）
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A.persuade
B.will persuade
C.be persuaded
D.are persuaded
简析：选D。本句意为：“如果人们能被说明多吃些水果和蔬菜的话，死于心脏病的人数就会大大减少了。”“people”和“persuade”是被动关系，在if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，故选D。
Unit 15 Destinations
Ⅰ.Brief Statements Based on the Unit
More and more people like going on a trip to a faraway destination with the development of society.But before we start,we should know more about the destination we have chosen.This unit is arranged about the central topic-Destinations.In Warming up,teacher will ask students to talk about the routes and more places in the world,improving the students’ geography know ledge.In studying the reading material “Destinations”,the students will know more sights in the world and other things with the help of the teacher.By studying this unit,students will also know that finding out more about the destination is not only a good way to save money and avoid problems,it can also be a lot of fun.As to Grammar-Non-finite Verbs,a number of exercises are arranged.After doing them,students will master some knowledge of the Infinitive,the v.-ing and the Past Participle,and know how to use them.
Ⅱ.Teaching Goals
1.Talk about travel and cities.
2.Practise making complaints.
3.Review the Non-finite Verbs(1):-ing,-ed,to do…
4.Write a descriptive essay/paragraph.
Ⅲ.Background Information
1.How to plan Your Trip
People are always telling us that“getting there is half the fun”.But is it true?Is it always true?Of course,we can all remember many enjoyable trips we have taken.But haven’t we all taken a trip that wasn’t fun at all?Can we ever forget the time when we just wanted to come home?
The fact is,some people who travel for pleasure get no pleasure from it at all.Others,who travel because they must travel,have a lot of fun doing it.What makes one trip more enjoyable than another?
The answer is planning.Any trip can be enjoyable if it is well planned.Every minute that you spend planning your trip may save you ten minutes of trouble during your trip.It may also add an hour of pleasure!
Money
Before you take any trip,the first question to ask yourself is:How much can I spend?When you decide on a figure,write it down.Now you can decide where,when,and how to go.At home,you can find out what it costs to travel anywhere in the world.Just pick up the phone and call a travel agent(旅行社）.
In Season(旅游旺季)，Off Season(旅游淡季)
Many resorts(旅游胜地) nd cities around the world are popular during some months of the year and less popular during other months.Find out if the places you are visiting have an “in” season and“off”season.This may help you to decide when you want to go.
There are some very good reasons to travel during the off season.Usually everything is much cheaper.It is also less crowded,of course.If you don’t have a lot of money-or if you don’t like crowds of tourists(游客)-go in the off season.
Some places are not as exciting during the off season.The weather may be too cold or too hot.The beaches may be closed.Hotels and restaurants(餐馆) ay be shut.Be sure to find out before you go.
Passports(护照),Visas(签证) nd Health Certificates(健康证明)
It is not hard to get a passport,but you should ask for one a few months before you begin your journey.To get one you must have your birth certificate or another legal document(合法文件) o prove that you are a citizen(公民).
Sometimes you need a visa to visit a country.If a visa is necessary,you can ask for one at the country’s embassy(大使馆）.Sometimes getting a visa takes many months,so it is very important to plan early.The same is true for health certificates.For this information it is a good idea to call or write the embassies.You may also get a lot of other useful information from them.
Now that you have planned your trip,you are ready to take it.Should you expect any surprise?Of course you should.Let’s just hope they’re pleasant ones!
2.Future Travel:Teleportation
Science has changed the way we live and the way we think.New inventions and discoveries have made it possible for us to think about the world in new ways.The means of transportation-bikes,cars,airplanes-we use today are good examples.They are based on the idea that transportation means moving something from one place to another-on a bike,in a car or by plane.This takes time,of course,and we can only travel as fast as the laws of physics allow.It will be difficult to travel much faster than today’s airplanes and to travel very far,such as to the stars or to other planets.
Now,scientists believe that we might be able to send things from one place to another without actually moving them through space.This sounds strange,but a new way of transportation may become possible in the future.
Teleportation is a combination of sending information through telephones or the Internet and transportation.With normal transportation,for example by car or plane,a person or thing is moved from point A to point B.With teleportation,a person or thing is taken apart at point A and put together again at point B.If teleportation becomes possible,we may be able to travel faster and farther than we could ever imagine.
In the 1990s,scientists discovered that teleportation was possible.Experiments showed that teleportation could be done,but the thing being teleported was destroyed on the way.So far,scientists have only been able to teleport photons-particles(粒子) hat carry light-and laser beams(激光).What about teleportation of human beings?Teleporting a human being would be very difficult since there are so many parts in a human body.Even the smallest mistake could cause serious problems with the person’s mind or body.
There is still a long way from being able to use teleportation to move human beings,but what we used to think was impossible does now seem possible.What we know and what we imagine often work together:the more we know,the more we can imagine,and the more we imagine,the more we can learn.Science is the tool that we use to make our dreams become real and to build a new world with our ideas.
Ⅳ.Teaching Time:Four periods
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following:
(1)New words:
airline,uncomfortable
(2)Everyday English:
I’m sorry to say…
I’m so sorry.
I hate to have to say this,but…
Could you do something about…?
Why didn’t you tell me the truth?
Why don’t you do something about it?
2.Train the students’ listening and speaking abilities.
3.Get the students to talk about travel and cities.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Finish the task of listening to train the students’ listening ability.
2.Finish the task of making complaints to train the students’ speaking ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students finish the tasks of listening and speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1.Free talk,listening and speaking to train the students’ ability to use English.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings and Lead-in
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Sit down,please.First I want to ask you a simple question:what would you like to do most during holidays?
Ss:Traveling/Reading books/Watching TV…
T:Yes.Most of you like traveling.Where have you been to?
Ss:Beijing/Shanghai/Qingdao/Harbin…
T:Is there anybody who has been to a foreign country for travel?
Ss:No.
T:Do you hope to travel around the world?
Ss:Yes,of course.
T:Then you must know some famous cities in the world.Tell me their names,please.
Ss:Paris,Moscow,Sydney,San Francisco,Berlin…
T:Oh.So many!And they are all world-famous travel destinations.Today,we’ll begin to learn Unit 15 Destinations.(Bb:Unit 15 Destinations)It’s a good chance to talk about travel and cities.Are you interested?
Ss:Yes.
T:First let’s learn some new words for this period.
(Teacher shows the following words on the screen and asks one student to read them.Then ask the whole class to read together after him/her.)
△complaint /km′pleint/ n.投诉；申诉；抱怨，表示不满
△Iraq/i′ra:k/ n.伊拉克
△Mexico/′meksiku/ n.墨西哥
△Greenland/′gri:nlnd/ n.格陵兰
airline/′e′lain/ n.航空公司;航线
uncomfortable /n′kmftbl/ adj.不服的，令人不自在的
△wanderlust /′wdndlst/ n.漫游癖
Step Ⅱ Warming up
T:OK.Now please open your books at Page 33 and look at the first part-Warming up.Imagine that you are offered a free ticket that lets you travel around the world and make five stops along the way.Can you follow me?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Now,please work in pairs to tell each other where would you go and why.At the same time,draw your flight line in the box on the right and mark the cities you want to visit on the map.A few minutes later,I’ll ask some students to talk about your travel plan.Is everything clear?
Ss:Yes.
(The students begin to work.Teacher goes among the class to see their work.At the end,teacher asks some students to talk about their plans.)
Step Ⅲ Listening
T:Now,let’s come to the second part-Listening.First,look at the following pictures taken of some foreign cities.Look at the first picture taken of Greece.What part of Greece do you think the picture shows?Any volunteer?
S1:I think it is the Egean Sea that the picture shows.
T:Then look at the second picture taken of Iraq.What can you see in it?
S2:…
…
(Teacher and the students talk about the pictures briefly.After that,teacher says the following.)
T:OK.Now,let’s listen to the tape and do some exercises.The first time I play the tape,just listen to get the general idea.The second time,write down the answers.If there is difficulty in writing down the answers,I’ll play it again.At the end,we’ll check the answers together.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher begins to play the tape.)
Step Ⅳ Speaking
T:We’ve talked a lot about travel and cities.However,while you are traveling,you may come across some problems unexpectedly,which could take place in the airline,the hotel or the restaurant.Can you guess what problems would occur?
Ss:Luggage is lost./The plane is late./The food is terrible…
T:What shall we do if we come across such problems?
Ss:Go to the manager and complain to him/her of the problems.
T:How do you think he/she will deal with the problems?
Ss:First,he/she may explain,apologize or argue.Then/he/she will do something about the problems.
T:Yes.If I were the manager,I would do like that as I see fit.Do you understand “see fit”?
Ss:No.
T:“See fit” means “consider it correct,convenient or acceptable.”We can also use“think fit” to express the same meaning.For example,“Do as you think fit.”Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Now,please look at the last part-Speaking.Here are three situations about problems with services given to you.First,read the situations.Then choose one of them to act it out with your partner according to the role cards.Besides,don’t forget to study the useful expressions below the role cards and use them in your dialogue if possible.Is everything clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Well.Begin your work now.A few minutes later,I’ll ask some pairs to act out your dialogues before class.
A sample dialogue:
Student A:Manager Student B:Guest
A:How do you feel to live in our hotel?
B:On the whole,not so bad,but the room I am living in faces a noisy street,and I’m a light sleeper,so it is impossible for me to fall asleep.Could you please do something about it?
A:I’m so sorry.I’ll make an arrangement for you as soon as possible.Anything else?
B:I hate to have to say this,but the bed in my room makes me feel uncomfortable.
A:That’s too bad.I’ll settle this problem at once.
B:It’s very kind of you.Oh,by the way,would you please send someone to have a check on the supply of the hot water?There is no hot water at all.
A:I see.I’ll do that.
Step Ⅴ Summary and Homework
T:Thank you for your wonderful performance.Now,let’s see what we’ve done in this class.First,we’ve talked about travel and cities.Second,we’ve practised listening.Third,we’ve talked about problems with services one may come across while travelling and practised making complaints.Of course,we’ve learned some useful expressions,such as “I’m sorry to say…”,“I hate to have to say this,but…”,“Could you do something about…?”…(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)After class,practise them more and preview the next part-Reading.That’s all for today.See you.
Ss:See you.
Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on the lackboard
Unit 15 Destinations
The First Period
I’m sorry to say…
I hate to have to say this,but…
Could you do something about…?
I’m so sorry.
Why didn’t you tell me the truth?
Why don’t you do something about it?
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words and expressions:
every now and then, phenomenon,Brazil, downtown, commercial, get tired of, avenue, altitude,breath-taking,downhill,inexpensive,feast,dip,gym,shore
2.Train the students’ reading ability.
3.Get the students to learn about some big cities in the world.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Learn to use the following useful phrases:
every now and then,get tired of,cool off,itch for,take a dip,work out
2.Train the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to help the students understand the text exactly,especially the following sentences:
1.A walk through downtown is a history lesson.
2.Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers.
3.a feast for the eyes.
4.…Should you have enough money left after a day…,you can…
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
2.Careful reading to get the detailed information.
3.Asking-and-answering to help the students understand the text exactly.
4.Pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Pre-reading
T:Yesterday,we talked much about travel and cities.We know there are many big cities worth visiting in the world.Can you tell me what a tourist needs to know about the chosen destination before going there?
Ss:Climate,food,transportation,attractions and so on.
T:Quite right.All of them are very important for a tourist to travel happily.Now,imagine that a person from another country is going to visit your town for the first time.He or she has asked you to tell him or her about the important things a tourist needs to know.Can you follow me?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher shows a chart on the screen.)
Area Very Important Important Not so important
Food
Transportation
Attractions
T:Well,here’s a chart on the screen.First,use it to make an outline of what you would tell him or her.Then show your outline to your partner and explain what you have chosen and why.Is everything clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Begin your work.
(Teacher goes among the students to see how they are going on with the work.A few minutes later,teacher asks some students to talk about their outline.)
Step Ⅲ Presentation for Reading
T:Today we’re going to read a passage “Destinations”.It will lead us to two world-famous resorts-Rio de Janeiro and Kitzbuhel.First I’ll show you a travel programme about Rio de Janeiro and Kitzbuhel.Watch it and listen to the explanations carefully.
(Teacher plays the teaching CD for the students.After that,teacher says the following.)
T:How do you like Rio de Janeiro?
Ss:It’s amazing/attractive/wonderful/beautiful/exciting…
T:I agree with you.Well,now let’s learn some new words.Look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the words on the screen and deals with them with brief explanations.Then ask them to read for a while.)
every now and then不时地
△itch/it/ n.&vi. 渴望；痒
phenomenon/f′nominn/ n.现象；奇迹
△Rio de Janeiro/′riudd′niru/ n.里约热内卢（巴西港市）
Brazil /br′zil/ n.巴西
△stretch/stret/ vt.&vi. 展开；伸展；延伸
△Cariocas/kri′uks/ n.里约热内卢人
downtown/daun′taun/ n.&adj. 城市商业区（的）
△historical/ht′starikl/ adj.具有历史意义的
commercial/k′ml/ adj.商业性的；商务的；商业的
△Copacabana/kup′kbn/ n.科帕卡巴纳（巴西著名海滩）
△princess/prin′ses/n.公主；王妃
△hundredth/′hndrd/ n.&adj. 第一百（个）；第一百的
get tired of对……感到厌倦；对……失去兴趣
avenue/′vnju/ n.（城市中的）大街；通道；（通往乡间的）小路
disappointed/,dis′pintid/ adj. 失望的；沮丧的
△Carnival/ka耼ivl/n.(四旬斋前持续一周或半周的)嘉年华会；狂欢节；欢宴
△Kitzbuhel/kitsbjul/ n.基茨比厄（奥地利城市）
△paradise/,齪rdaiz/ n.乐园；天堂
△skier/ski:/ n.滑雪者
altitude/′ltitju:d/ n.纬度
surrounding/′s′raundi/ adj.&n.周围（的）；环绕（的）；环境；周围的情况
guarantee/,grn′ti/ vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
breath-taking/′breteiki/ adj.壮观的；激动人心的；惊险的
△resort/ri′zt/ n.胜地；常去之地
downhill/,daun′hil/ adj. 快速下降滑雪的；下坡的；倾斜的
inexpensive/,inik′spensiv/ adj.廉价的；便宜的
feast/′fist/ n.（感官、精神等的）享受；盛宴
dip/dip/ n.（在江河湖海中）洗澡；游泳；蘸湿
gym/dim/ n.体育馆
shore/ (r)/ n.滨；岸
Step Ⅳ Reading
T:OK.Now please read the text quickly and find the answers to the questions on the screen.
(Teacher shows the questions on the screen,and the students begin to read the text.)
1.What is Rio de Janeiro famous for?
2.What does the word“Cariocas”mean?
3:Why do people visit Kitzbuhel?
(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)
T:OK,everyone.Have you found the answers?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who’d like to answer the first question?Any volunteer?
S1:Rio de Janeiro is famous for its modern malls,theme parks and beautiful beaches.
T:Right.Sit down,please.The second one.
S2:“Cariocas”means the people of Rio de Janeiro.
T:Good.Sit down,please.The last one.
S3:People visit Kitzbuhel because it is a world-class ski resort,a paradise for skiers.
T:Well done.Now,please re-read the text carefully and further understand it.Pay special attention to the phrases or sentences on the screen.(Show the following on the screen.)
1.Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers.
2.A walk through downtown is a history lesson.
3.…a feast for the eyes.
4.Should you have enough energy left,…
After reading,work in pairs and try to explain what the phrases or sentences mean.If you have any difficulty in explaining them,please ask me.You can begin now.
(A few minutes later,teacher begins to check the answers.)
T:OK,everyone.Are you ready now?
Ss:Yes.
T:Li Dong,can you explain the first sentence?
S4:Yes.It means that Kitzbuhel is a wonderful place for people who ski.
T:…
S:…
Suggested answers:
2.Walking through downtown can help to learn about the history of Rio from what you see.
3.A lively mix of old village culture and excitement of an international tourist area.
4.If you should have enough energy left,…
Step Ⅴ Language Study
T:Well,you’ve been familiar with the passage.Let’s learn some useful phrases.Please look at the screen and do the exercise.
(Show the following on the screen.)
Fill in the blanks using the right phrases in the text.
1.She______cooking for her family.
2.She can’t resist her______travelling.
3.______she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
4.Let the hot pie______before serving.
5.I______regularly to keep fit.
6.In summer,it is fun to______in a pool.
(Teacher allows the students enough time to prepare first.Then check the answers with the whole class and write the phrases on the blackboard.)
Suggested answers:
1.got tired of 2.itch for 3.Every now and then 4.cool off 5.work out 6.take a dip
Step Ⅵ Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now,I’ll play the tape for you.First,listen and repeat,paying attention to the pronunciation and the intonation.Then read it aloud for a while.
Step Ⅶ Consolidation
T:OK,everyone.Stop reading.Look at the third exercise in Post-reading.Use the cards to decide where you would like to go according to the information from the text.Rio de Janeiro or Kitzbuhel?Make your decision and explain to your partner why you have chosen this destination.Is everything clear?
Ss:Yes.
(A few minutes later,teacher asks some students to talk about their decisions.)
T:Attention,please.Are you ready now?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who’d like to be the first to talk about your decision?Any volunteer?
S5:I’d like to go to Rio de Janeiro for a travel.First,I’m interested in the foreign countries’ history and culture.Downtown Rio is the city’s cultural and historical heart.Second,it’s convenient to enjoy the sand and sun on Copacabana,which is not far from downtown.Third,one of the world’s festivals-Carnival is also attractive.
T:Wonderful.Who’d like to talk about Kitzbuhel?
S6:I’d prefer to go to Kitzbuhel.First,I like adventure.Second,I’m interested in skiing.Third,it has different scenery from what other places have.I think it is not only a paradise for skiers,but also for young people.
T:Well done.Thank you.
Step Ⅷ Summary and Homework
T:Well,let’s come back from Rio de Janeiro or Kitzbuhel to see what we’ve learnt in this class.First,we’ve learnt about some foreign countries’ culture and history by reading the text.Second,we’ve learnt some useful expressions.After class,please read the text again and use the chart from the Pre-reading to analyse the text about Rio de Janeiro.Compare your choices and the choices made by the writer of the text.What are some similarities and differences?What might be some reasons for the similarities and differences?Are you clear about that?
Ss:Yes.
T:That’s all for today.See you next day.
Ss:See you next day.
Step Ⅸ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 15 Destinations
The Second Period
every now and then itch for
get tired ofcool off
take a dipwork out
cStep Ⅹ Record after Teaching
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the words appearing in the last two periods.
2.Review Non-finite Verbs(1):-ing,-ed,to do.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Help the students guess the missing word in a sentence to improve their ability to master new words.
2.Help the students finish each exercise correctly to revise Non-finite Verbs.
Teaching Difficult Point:
Master the uses of the three kinds of Non-finite Verbs correctly.
Teaching Methods:
1.Review method to consolidate the words learned in the last two periods.
2.Practising to make the students master the Non-finite Verbs correctly.
3.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Word Study
T:Yesterday,we read the text about Rio de Janeiro and Kitzbuhel.Do you still remember something about them?
Ss:Yes.
T:Well,now please look at the statements on the screen and tell whether they are true or false according to the text.If they’re false,correct them.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and checks the answers with the whole class.)
1.Rio de Janeiro is Brazil’s second largest city.
2.Copacabana,perhaps the most famous of all beaches,is far away from downtown.
3.The best time to visit Rio is in March,but the biggest tourism season comes around June or July.
4.Cariocas are well known for their big heart and friendliness.
5.Rio de Janeiro is a paradise for skiers.
6.The good weather and breath-taking scenery make Kitzbuhel a world-class ski resort.
7.The world’s best and fastest skiers gather here twice a year to try their daring in the downhill race that every skier wants to win.
Suggested answers:
True:1,4,6
False:2.far→only a few bus stops
3.March→June or July;June or July→March
5.Rio de Janeiro→Kitzbuhel
7.twice→once
T:Well done.Besides,we’ve learnt some useful words in the text.Have you really mastered them?Please open your books at Page 37.Look at the first part of Language Study-Word Study.Let’s do Exercise 1 first.Fill in the blanks with words from the text.You’re given three minutes to do it.Then check your answers with your partner.At the end,I’ll collect the right answers from you.See what I mean.
Ss:Yes.
Suggested answers:
1.altitude 2.avenue 3.reminds 4.feast 5.dip
T:Well done.Next,let’s do Exercise 2.Read and understand the following passage carefully to see if there is a mistake in each line.If there is,find it and correct it.You can begin now.Five minutes later,I’ll check your answers.
Suggested answers:
1.bring→brought
2.construction→constructions
3.it’s→its
4.√
5.returns→returned
6.visit→visitors
7.Much→Many
8.√
Step Ⅲ Revision of Grammar
T:OK.So much for Word Study.Let’s revise the Grammar-Non-finite Verbs.Look at the sentences on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
to do
1.The first thing would be to decide where to go.
2.The most important thing would be for you to decide where to go.
-ing
1.Every now and then we get the itch for travelling.
2.Kitzbuhel has the most challenging and exciting downhill slopes for skiers in the world.
3.Few visitors leave Rio feeling disappointed.
-ed
1.Amazed by the beautiful scenery at Copacabana Beach,he decided to come again next year.
2.Known as Carnival,the festival attracts visitors from all over the world.
Study the sentences and tell the functions of the Non-finite Verbs.Wang Xia,try the first pair of sentences.
S1:“to do” is used as Predicative in both of them.
T:You are right.Sit down,please.Are there any other function of “to do”?And what functions?
Ss:Yes.Subject,Object,Object Complement,Attribute and Adverbial.
T:Quite right.Yang Xia,what about “-ing”?
S2:In these three sentences,“-ing” is separately used as Object,Attribute and Adverbial.
T:Do you agree with her?And do you know some other functions?
Ss:Yes.Subject,Predicative and Object Complement.
T:Very good.Shi Hui,the last pair.
S3:“-ed”is used as Adverbial in both sentences.Besides,it can be used as Predicative,Object Complement and Attribute.
T:Well done.Sit down,please.
Step Ⅳ Practice
T:Next,let’s do some exercises.Look at the sentences on the screen and point out the function of the“-ing”form in each sentence.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and deals with the exercise orally with the whole class.)
Point out the function of the -ing form in each sentence.
1.Doing nothing is doing ill.
2.Be careful!The falling stones might hit you.
3.When you hang wet clothes near a fire,you will see steam coming from them.
4.Not knowing much English,I found it hard to understand them.
5.While walking along the shore,we saw that the water was very dirty.
6.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.
7.Babies like tearing paper into pieces.
8.They went out of the club,talking and laughing loudly.
Suggested answers:
1.Subject,Predicative 2.Attribute 3.Object Complement 4.Adverbial 5.Adverbial 6.Subject 7.Object 8.Adverbial
T:Well done.Now,please open your books at Page 38 and do Exercise 2.First,do it by yourself after learning the examples.Then,check the answers with your partner.At the end,I’ll collect your right answers.
Suggested answers:
1.Being very brave,he went into the cave alone to look for his friend.
2.Being quite ill,she could not visit her friend in England.
3.Being an experienced traveller,he knows how to plan a trip.
4.The girls attending the sick all come from the countryside.
5.When hearing the music,he began to miss his hometown.
6.Seeing the flame on top of the mountain,they knew that another war would begin soon.
7.When driving to the airport,he hit a boy on a bike.
8.Having got married,he lived separately from his parents.
T:You did a good job.Now,please look at the two groups of words on the blackboard.
(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard:
-ed:interested,surprised,moved,tired,bored,encouraged,frightened,amazed,disappointed,worried,etc.
-ing:interesting,surprising,moving,tiring,boring,encouraging,frightening,amazing,disappointing,worrying,etc.)
T:Can you tell the different usages of these two groups of words?Any volunteer?
S4:Yes.I can.We use the first group of words to say how we feel about something and use the second group of words to talk about the person or thing that makes us feel interested,surprised,etc.
T:You are right.Sit down,please.Both of the two groups are used like Adjectives to refer to a state or a quality,not an action.Do you agree with me?
(Teacher writes two incompleted sentences on the blackboard again.
It is important______us to learn English well.
It is clever______you not to tell him the news.)
T:Now,look at this pair of sentences and fill in the blanks.Yao Yue,you try,please.
S5:The first one is“for”;the second one is“of”.
T:Can you explain why?
S6:The first sentence talks about something people do;the second sentence talks about people who do something.
T:How do you know what the sentences talk about?
S5:According to the adjectives as Predictive in the sentences,such as important and clever.
T:Quite right.Thank you.Now,please look at the screen and do the exercise on it.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and allows the students enough time to prepare.At the end,check the answers with the whole class.)
There is one mistake in each of the following sentences.Point it out and correct it.
1.Having travelled a lot in China this year,I am getting tiring of travelling now.
2.We had to waiting three hours to get the ticket to Harbin.
3.Although the unboiling water looks clean,I prefer not to drink it.
4.I’m sorry to tell you that none of the banks I spoke to were interesting in this project.
5.It is tired to climb to the top of the mountain.
6.It is not enough to simply decide where you want to go.It is also important of you to consider when and how you want to travel.
Suggested answers:
1.tiring→tired 2.waiting→wait 3.unboiling→unboiled 4.interesting→interested 5.tired→tiring 6.of→for
Step Ⅴ Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we’ve reviewed the new words in the text.In addition,we’ve revised Non-finite Verbs(1)--ing,-ed and to do,especially,we’ve done a lot of practice to master the usages of them.After class,do more practice.The more you practise,the better you will master them.That’s all for today.See you next time.
Ss:See you next time.
Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on the
Blackboard
Unit 15 Destinations
The Third Period
-ed:interested,surprised,moved,tired,bored,encouraged,frightened,amazed,disappointed,worried,etc.
-ing:interesting,surprising,moving,tiring,boring,encouraging,frightening,amazing,disappointing,worrying,etc.
for/of:It is important for us to learn English well.
It is clever of you not to tell him the news.
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following new words:
budget,rate,visa,arrangement,passport,cheque,currency,sight,seasoned,accommodation
2.Train the students’ integrating skills,especially reading and writing skills.
3.Get the students to learn how to make a plan for a travel.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Get the students to understand the text exactly,especially the following words and phrases:
rate,make one’s own arrangements,seasoned,travel light,sights
2.Help the students write a travel brochure well.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students master the ways of writing a better descriptive essay/paragraph.
Teaching Methods:
1.Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ understanding of the text.
2.Inductive and imitative methods to train the students’ writing ability.
3.Individual,pair or group work to finish each task.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Lead-in
T:Yesterday,we reviewed the use of Non-finitive Verbs-to do,-ing,-ed.Now,let’s do an exercise to see if you have really mastered them.Look at the screen.
(Shows the following on the screen.)
Complete the sentences using to do,-ing or -ed according to the meanings of the first sentences.
1.It is important that you should decide where to go.
→It is important___________________.
2.You didn’t give up the opportunity of going abroad for further education.I think you are wise.
→It is wise___________________.
3.Since he could not find his passport,he could not go on the trip.
→___________________,he could not go on the trip.
4.If they had been given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better.
→___________________,the cabbages could have grown better.
5.As they were influenced by his example,they performed countless good deeds.
→___________________,they performed countless good deeds.
6.When he saw those pictures,he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
→___________________,he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
(Teacher allows the students a few minutes to prepare.Then check the answers orally with the whole class.)
Suggested answers:
1.for you to decide where to go
2.of you not to give up the opportunity to go abroad for further education
3.Not finding his passport
4.Given better attention
5.Influenced by his example
6.Seeing those pictures
T:Besides,we’ve learnt a lot of words to describe an international trip in this unit.Which words in the text can help you describe an international trip?
Ss:Beautiful/modern/cultural/historical/perfect/attractive/paradise/breath-taking scenery /
a world-class resort/challenging and exciting/a feast for eyes…(Bb:beautiful…)
T:Yes,so many.Today,we’re going to read another passage about travel.It will provide you some useful travel tips and practical advice.First,let’s learn the new words in this period.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and deals with the words as usual.)
budget/′bdt/ n.预算；预算案
rate /ret/ n.价格；费用；速度；效率
visa/′v:z/ n.签证
arrangement/′reindmnt/ n.安排；准备工作；整理
passport/′pa:聅p凯聇/ n.护照；过境通行证
cheque/tek/ n.支票
△photocopy/′futukopi/ n.&vt.复印（件）
currency/′krnst/ n.货币；通货
sight/sat/ n.景象，情景；视力，视觉
seasoned/′siznd/ adj. 有经验的
accommodation/km′den/ n.住处；膳宿
Step Ⅲ Reading
T:Well.Now please open your books at Page 38.Read each paragraph quickly and try to find out what tips and advice the writer gives us.See what I mean?
Ss:Yes.
(The students begin to read.A few minutes later,teacher begins to check their understanding of the text.)
T:OK,everyone.Are you ready now?
Ss:Yes.
T:Now,I’ll collect the tips and advice the writer gives us.One student,one tip or one piece of advice,OK?
Ss:OK.
T:Who’d like to be the first?
S1:Find out more about the destination you have chosen before you go to save money and avoid problems.
S2:Consider when and how you want to travel and you’d better ask travel agents for help.
S3:Bring some cash besides credit cards.
S4:Keep your passport and money in a safe place and make photocopies of all important documents before you leave.
S5:Buy foreign currency at home.If you must exchange money during your vacation,do it in banks not on the street or with strangers.
S6:Plan a pleasant,interesting and comfortable trip.Travel light if possible.
T:Very good.Thank you,boys and girls.Now,please re-read it carefully and further understand it.Then work in pairs to finish the Exercises 1~3 after the text.
(The students begin to re-read.Several minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.save money and avoid problems
2.experienced
3.travel with as little luggage as possible
Step Ⅳ.Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Very good.You’ve understood the text exactly.Now,I’ll play the tape for you.First,listen and repeat,paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation.Then read it aloud for a while.
Step Ⅴ Consolidation
T:OK,everyone.Stop reading.Now you’ve been very familiar with the text.Here is a question for you to discuss.Listen carefully!Which travel tip do you think is the most useful?And why?Are you clear about that?
Ss:Yes.
T:Work in groups of four and discuss for a few minutes.Then I’ll ask some students to say your opinions.You can begin now.
(A few minutes later.)
T:OK.Are you ready now?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who’d like to be the first to talk about your opinions?Any volunteer?
S1:I think the tip about money is the most useful.It reminds travellers of avoiding bringing too much money.Instead,credit cards could be a better choice.In particular,travellers should not forget to have all important documents photo copied before leaving in case you might lose them.
S2:I think planning and packing is the most useful.For any thing,well-prepared is half of success.You’d better plan it in advance in order to avoid problems and save money or time.
S3:…
Step Ⅵ Writing
T:Well,in order to have a pleasant and interesting trip,you’d better have the tips and advice in mind.Now,please read the travel brochure in writing quickly and find out what information it describes.
(The students begin to read it quickly and answer the teacher’s question as soon as they finish reading it.)
Ss:It describes transport,accommodation,attractions and activities for travelling to Thailand.(Bb:…)
T:Quite right.Now you’ve known how to write a travel brochure.Work in pairs.Choose your favourite destination and write a travel brochure in which you describe the place,suggest activities and provide travel tips.Can you follow me?
Ss:Yes.
T:When you finish your brochure,show it to the rest of the class and try to persuade them to visit your destination.Is everything clear?
Ss:Yes.
(The students begin to work.Teacher may give them advice to help them write a good travel brochure while going among the students.)
Step Ⅶ Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we’ve not only got some travel experience by reading the travel tips and the practical advice,but also learnt how to write a descriptive essay like a brochure.After class,please review what we’ve learnt in this class and preview the next unit.That’s all for today.See you next time.
Ss:See you next time.
Step Ⅷ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 15 Destinations
The Fourth Period
Ⅰ.Words to describe an international trip:
beautiful/modern/cultural/historical/perfect/attractive/paradise/breath-taking scenery/
a world-class resort/challenging/exciting/a feast for eyes…
Ⅱ.How to write a travel brochure:
transport,accommodation,attraction,activities,pictures
Step Ⅸ Record after Teaching