Planting trees
1.词汇
dig, drought, crop, directly, soil, leaf, flood, prevent, northern, wide, blow, sand, towards, farmland, correct, hall, audience, auditorium
2.词组
so that, hear of, run away, wash away, in this way, point to, far away, thanks to, hand in, more or less
3.语法 情态动词的被动语态的构成和用法
4.句型
(1)Their mistakes should be corrected.
(2)The letters must be typed this afternoon.
5.计量词的用法
英语中计量表示法的结构为：
主语 + be + 数词 + 单位量词 + 形容词
例： The Great Wall Green is 7，000 kilometres long and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide.
核心知识
dig，drought. crop，directly，soil，leaf flood，prevent, northern, wide, blow, sand towards, farmland, correct, grand, hall, notice audience, slipper auditorium, so that以便，为了， hear of听说， run away跑，逃，流失， wash away冲走， in this way用这种方法， point to指向， far away很远，遥远，thank to由于，幸亏， hand in交上来， more or less有点，或多或少.
1.Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow.明天上学穿旧衣服.
介词in在短语中表示服饰有“穿着…”“戴着…”等意思.in后可直接跟颜色式样等词.
2. It’s Tree Planting Day.是植树节.
节日的第一个字母要大写，无冠词，每年的三月十二日为植树节.
3.Have you ever heard of the Great Wall Green？你曾听说绿色长城吗？
hear of听说，如：I often hear of him，but I’ve never seen him.我常听说他，可从没见过面.
4.Forests help to keep water from running away， so drought does not even happen.
森林有助于防止水土流失，这样就不发生旱灾了.
keep sth. from doing…避开，不接近.
如：We must keep the children from playing fire.我们必须阻止孩子们玩水.
The heavy rain kept us from going out.大雨使我们无法外出.
run away逃走，流失，如：
The mouse ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the cat.
那老鼠见到那只猫尽快的逃了.
The water there isn’t easy to run away because of grass and trees.
由于有花草、树木，那儿的水不易流失.
5.In this way， floods are prevented.用这种方法，阻止了洪水(泛滥)
1)in this way用这种方式(手段)如：
I can work out the problem in this way. I’ll try it in another way.
我能用这种方式解决这个问题，我还试着用另一种方法来做.
2)prevent及物动词 如：
I coundn’t think of any excuse to prevent him.我想不出任何借口来阻止他.
prevent sb.／sth. from doing sth.制止某人做某事 from可省略
I was prevented by illness from taking the exam.我因病未能参考.
Nothing will prevent us(from) reaching out aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目的.
此结构类似：stop sb. /sth.(from)doing sth.(其中 from在动词中可省略)； keep sb.(sth. from doing sth.)(其中from不可省)
6.The Great Wall Green is 7，000 kilometres long and between 400 and 1，700 kilometres wide.绿色长城 7，000千米，宽约 400至 1.700千米.
英语中计量表示法结构为：主 + be + 数词 + 单位量词 + 形容词
如：他有 1.85米高.He is 1.85 metres tall.
这个教室宽 6米. This classroom is six metres wide.
7.The Great wall Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻止风刮走土壤.
Stop…from doing sth.阻止(防止)…作某事
如：She stopped the child from playing football in the street.
她阻止那小孩在街上踢足球.(她不让那小孩在街上踢足球).
8. But more “Great Walls Green”are still needed，….
可是仍还需要一些绿色长城.“more”更多的，较多的.
(1)如： Next year I’11 learn more English.来年，我将更多学英语.
more“附加，另外的”.
如：There are twenty more trees to be planted.还有 20棵树需要栽.
(2)“are needed”一般现在时的被动语态.
如：More English teachers are needed in our country.
我们国家还需一些英语老师.
9.We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and asked about his work.我们在他的工作地点，小树中间拜访了他，询问了他的工作情况.
介词between与among均可表示“在……之间”
1)between通常仅涉及到两个事物.
如：That was between you and him.这是你和他之间的事.
between也可用于三者(以上)用and连接，表示涉及到边界
Lucy sits between Mary，Jack and Tom. Lucy坐在 Mary， Jack和 Tom之间.
2)among用于表示“一群”，“一伙”中间，其后接名词或代词的复数形式或接集合名词.
如：The teacher is sitting among the children.老师正坐在孩子们中间.
I found him among the crowd.我从人群中发现了他.
1O.The more，the better.越多，越好.
两个比较级前用定冠词the，分别引导一个分句，其结构为“The more…，the more”，其结构表示“越……越……’，
如：The more you read， the more you will get.
你读的越多，你得到的就越多.
类似这种结构： The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越细心，你出的错就越少.
11.In a few years’time，those mountains will be covered with trees, too.几年以后，那些山也将被树覆盖.
Be covered with由……履盖着
如：The roads were covered with snow.路上覆盖着雪.
12.But thanks to the Great Wall Green.可是，幸亏有了绿色长城.
Thanks to Mr. Zhong， I’ve worked out the problem.
我算出了那道题，多亏了张老师.
13.A long stick should be knocked into the earth.
应当插一根棍子在泥土里.
“knock sth. into…”把……插进……这里用了此结构的被动语态
14.Hold it straight！把树扶直.
“straight”在这里形容词作宾补.“straight”形容词、副词一样.
如：Please draw a straight line.请划一条直线.(形容词)
Please sit straight, class！同学们请坐直.(副词)
典型例题
1.The ground must be just right－neither too wet nor too dry.
地面要正好合适，既不能太湿，也不能太干.
解析 1)neither…nor…既不……也不……连词，连接两个对等词，neither…nor…连接主语时，谓语动词与nor后面的主语一致.
如：Neither his brother nor he was at home yesterday.
他和他的哥哥昨天都不在家.
2)neither，nor和so作副词表“也这样”用于否定句中，进行倒装.
如：He has never been to Hongkong，and neither(nor)have I.
他从没去过香港，我也从来没去过.
I can’t swim, nor can she, nor can he. 我不会游泳.她也不会，他也不会.
(被否定的是三者或以上时，不能用neither，只能用nor.)
so用于肯定倒装句中，表示“也”He watched TV yesterday， and so did I.
他昨晚看电视了，我也看了.
2.We must repair the computer now.(变为被动语态)
The computer must be repaired now (by us).
主动语态改为被动语态方法：将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态中主语再将主动语态谓语部分改为被动形式.其基本结构为be + 及物动词的被动语态.而情态动词的被动语态的结构为情态动词 + be + vt. p.p.课本 P53将主动句变为被动句答案是：
1.Their mistakes should be corrected.
2.The letters must be typed this afternoon.
3.Their classroom must be cleaned every day.
4.English should be spoken in and out of class.
5.Your compositions should be handed in the day after tomorrow.
6.A long stick should be knocked into the earth next to the hole.
7.The tree should be tied to the top of the stick.
8.The trees must be watered as often as possible.
3.阅读分析点拨
阅读下文，并选择填空
We can see walls everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall of China is 1 of all. The Chinese call it“The Ten－Thousand-Li Great Wall”.It is，in fact(事实上)，more than 6，000 kilometres long. It is 6-7 metres 2 and 4－5 metres wide. In most places， five horses or ten men can walk side 3 side along the top.
When you visit the Great Wall，you can’t help wondering(情不自禁地想知道) how the Chinese people 4 build such a great wall 5 years 6 . 7 any modern machines, it was really difficult to build it. They had to do all the work by hand. It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it.
The Great Wall has a history of over two 8 years. The men began to build the first part of it about 2,700 years ago. Qin Shihuang 9 all the walls 9 . He thought that could keep the enemy(敌人) out of the country.
Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest. 10 the chinese people 10 the people from all over the world come to visit it.
1. A. the big B. biggest C. the biggest D. the biggest
2. A. tall B. the tall C. higher D. high
3. A. to B. and C. by D. or
4. A. were able to B. be able to
C. are able to D. was able to
5. A. thousand B. thousand of
C. thousands of D. thousands
6. A. before B. ago C. later D. after
7. A. No B. Not C. Neither D. Without
8. A. hundred B. thousand
C. thousands of D. hundreds
9. A. joined；up B. join；up
C. joined；in D. joined；on
10. A. Whether；nor B. So；that
C. Only；also D. Both； and
分析 1.D.“of all”表示一定的范围，与最高级连用.2.D.指城墙的高度.3. C.“并排”词组 side by side.4.A.古时候中国人“能”. 5.C.意思“几千年”.6.B.过去什么时间“以前”.7.D.意思是“没有”，介词.8.B.“两千年的历史”.9.A意思是“连接起来”.10.D.意思是“中国和全世界的人们”.
4. This is a German book an English book. It is a French book.
A. either，or B. not only, but also
C. neither，nor D. both，and
解析 了解“either…or；not only…but also； neither… nor…； both…and”的含义，根据句意，此题答案为“C”.
5.There are some more holes .
A. to dug B. to be dug C. to dig D. to digging
解析 此句意思是“还有一些洞要挖”.故选“B”等同“We still have some more holes to dig.”
【关于“Unit 11 Planting trees”的常见问题】
常见问题1: Planting trees1
问题：
对老人讲话一定要有礼貌.
误：The old people must be spoken politely.
正：The old people must be spoken to politely.
解答:
分析 speak to sb.对…讲话，speak为不及物动词，短语动词变成被动语态时，介词不能省.
常见问题2: Planting trees2
问题：
我们的教室长8米，宽6米.
误：Our classroom has eight metres long and wide six metres.
正：Our class room is eight metres long and six metres wide.
解答:
分析 英语中量度表达法：主语 + be + 数 + 单位词 + 形容词.
常见问题3: Planting trees3
问题：
我考试及格了，多亏了胡老师.
误：I’ve passed the exam, thanks for Mrs. Hu.
正：I’ve passed the exam，thanks to Mrs. Hu.
解答:
分析 “thanks to sb.”固定词组意思是幸亏了，多亏了，“thank”在这儿一定要用复数形式.
常见问题4: Planting trees4
问题：
挖一个大洞，栽下那棵树.
误：Dig a hole enough large to plant the tree.
正：Dig a hole large enough to plant the tree.
解答:
分析 “enough”修饰形容词、副词要后置，
常见问题5: Planting trees5
问题：
按要求变化句式，不改变句意.
1.We must look after our clothes.
Our clothes .
2.The farmers often plant trees in spring.
Trees often the farmers spring.
3.I showed my friend two new pictures yesterday.
Two new pictures my friend me yesterday.
4.They didn’t know Jack or Kate.(改为被动语态)
Neither Jack hate to .(1998年广州考试题)
5.We need to plant an other five trees.(同意替换)
There are tree to .
解答:
答案：1.must be looked after 2.are，planted，by，in 3.were showed to，by 4.nor was known， them 5.five more trees， be planted
常见问题6: Planting trees 6
问题：
Rice must________at the right time.
A．be harvested B．harvest
C．be harvesting D．be harvest
解答:
分析此题考查情态动词的被动语态，它的构成是情态动词+be+v．过去分词，由此可知must后跟harvest的被动式为be harvested。
答案A
常见问题7: Planting trees 7
问题：
In ________ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A．few years B．a few years’
C．a few year D．a few year’s
解答:
分析“过几年之后”的英语表达应是“in a few years”或“in a fewyears’time”。注意“几年”的所有格应是“s”‘。
答案B
常见问题8: Planting trees 8
问题：
Lily is ten years ______ and she is over one netre _____.
解答:
分析此题考查计量。这句话的意思是“莉莉有10岁了，超过1米高了。”用old表示年龄，tall表示身高。
答案old和tall