Unit 13 Healthy eating
本单元重难点解释
1．I think that vegetables are healthy food because they contain lots of vitamins.
我认为蔬菜是不错的食品，因为它们含有大量维生素。
contain用作及物动词，意为“包含；包括；容纳（不用进行时）；控制，抑制”。如：
What does the medicine contain, mum? 妈妈，这药含有什么成分？
Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。
The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳500人。（=hold）
She couldn’t contain herself for joy. 她高兴地难以自制。
contain与include辨析
contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
include侧重于作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。
How much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子能装多少？
Books contain knowledge. 书籍蕴含知识。
Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people. 这里所有的人，包括老人，都参加了抗洪斗争。
Everybody had something to say, me included. 所有的人，包括我在内，都有些话要说。
2．What’s wrong with Mike? 麦克怎么了？
本句中的wrong也可换成the matter或the trouble，意为“麻烦事，毛病，差错”，常与介词with连用。如：
What’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble with your leg?
你的腿怎么啦？
相关句式
There’s nothing wrong/ the matter with the machine. 这机器没毛病。
Something must have gone wrong with your watch. 你的表肯定有毛病了。
注意：在宾语从句中，what’s wrong/ the matter的语序不能改。如：
I asked him what was wrong/ the matter.
3．Which side of Mike’s stomach hurts? 麦克的胃部哪边痛？
hurt在本句中用作不及物动词，意为“疼”。如：
My arm hurts. 我胳膊疼。
Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗？
hurt还可作为及物动词。如：
The wound still hurts him. 他仍然感到伤口疼。
hurt, harm, wound与injure的辨析
hurt常指精神上或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛。
harm指对人或事物造成危害，这种危害不一定直接的，也不一定有痛楚。
wound通常指外界暴力造成创伤，多指枪、刀伤害，也可指感情上的伤害。
injure着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或损害，多指意外或事故造成伤害。
His words hurt me/ my feelings. 他的话伤了我/我的感情。
He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。
Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重伤害了他的健康。
He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤。
Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。
4．I’ve got a pain here. 我这儿疼。
pain的用法
①表示身体某部位的疼时，为可数名词。如：
She has a pain in her back/ leg/ head. 她背（腿、头）疼。
②表示由损伤或疾疾引起的痛苦、疼痛时，为不可数名词。如：
Her back causes her a lot of pain. 她的背使她很疼。
③表示精神上的痛苦时，为不可数名词。如：
His harsh words caused her much pain. 他尖刻的话使她很痛苦。
④表示“努力、辛苦、操心”时，只用复数形式。如：
She takes great pains with her work. 她在工作上煞费苦心。
5．For lunch I had noodles, salad and later a peach. I didn’t have any supper because I didn’t feel very well.
午饭我吃了面条、沙拉，然后又吃了一个桃子。我因为感到不舒服所以晚饭没吃东西。
①for lunch中的for是介词，构成固定结构have…for…如：
What did you have for breakfast?
He had nothing for supper.
②feel very well中的well不是副词，而是形容词，意为“健康的”。如：
She is well in health. 她身体很健康。
6．Was the peach ripe or green? You ought to be careful with fruit.
桃子熟不熟？吃水果你该小心。
①句子中的green作“没有成熟的”解，是ripe（成熟的）反义词。例如：
The cherries are still too green to pick. 这些樱桃还太生，不能摘。
另外，green还可以表示“对环境无害的”，如阅读材料中第3段第6行的句子：…（who）have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods（尽量使用绿色干净的方式制作食品）。
green也可意为“无经验的，没有受过训练的”。如：
He is still green at this job. 他对这件工作还很生疏。
②be careful with fruit = be careful in eating fruit意为“吃水果时小心”。
7．It was a bit green. 它有点生。
①a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级，可以换用。表示“一点儿”。如：
The speaker spoke up a bit/ a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。
②a bit和a little在否定句中，意思正好相反。
not a bit=not at all
not a little=very much
试比较：I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。
I’m not a little tired. 我非常累。
③a little可直接作名词的定语，而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如：
There’s only a little/ a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。
注意：a bit of的复数是bits of，而a little不能变复数。
8．And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.
我建议你将来不要吃不熟的水果。
1）advise意为“建议，忠告，劝告”，常用于下面五种结构：
①advise+n./ pron.
②advise sb.（not）to do sth.
③advise doing sth.
④advise sb. against（doing）sth.
⑤advise sb. +that sb.（should）do sth. （从句中用should do的虚拟语气）
The doctor advises a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。
The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多做运动。
We advised waiting till the proper time. 我们建议等待适当的时机。
His parents advised him against (doing) wrong. 他父母告诫他不要做坏事。
I advised him that he (should) attend the meeting. 我劝他参加这次会议。
advice是advise的名词形式，它是一个不可数名词。常用于：give（some）
advice on sth./ how to do…；ask for advice; follow/ take sb’s advice等。
2）in the future作“将来”（in time yet to come）解。
试比较in future作“今后”（from now on）解。例如：
You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要单独外出。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 没人知道将来会发生什么事情。
9．Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.
选择吃什么东西不再像以前那么容易了。
What to do是疑问词+不定式的结构，在句中作宾语，另外这一结构也可作主语、表语、定语等。如：
①what to do next hasn’t been decided yet.（主语）
②I don’t know whether to answer it.（宾语）
③The question is how to put it into practice.（表语）
问题是如何把它付诸实践。
④They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.
关于应当选谁的问题，他们交换了意见。（介词短语）
⑤The key with which to open the door has been lost.
开这扇门的钥匙不见了。（定语）
注意：这种结构含有情态意义，它相当于一个带should的从句。如第②题I don’t know whether I should answer it.
10．Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.
像我们的生活方式一样，我们的饮食习惯已发生了变化，我们身体所需要的燃料也不同了。
as在句中引起方式状语从句，此处采用了省略形式，并且是倒装结构，若改用正常语序则为as our way of life has changed。
as引起的方式状语从句中一般采用正常语序，但在正式语体中，也可采用倒装语序。如：
She plays the piano, as does her mother. 她和她母亲一样，会弹钢琴。
She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building. 她像她秘书那样盼望大楼竣工。
11．Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st century person.
对于21世纪的人来说，传统饮食常常含有太多的脂肪和太多的卡路里。
①diet与food的区别：diet和food都可作“食物”解。但diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般的词语，凡能吃喝的东西都可称为food。如：
The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.
Milk is the natural food for young babies.
②too much与too many的区别
too much可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可用作副词，修饰动词。例如：
There is too much rain here in spring. 春天这里的雨水太多。
She talked too much at the meeting. 她在会上讲得太多了。
too many可作形容词，修饰可数名词。
③calorie=calory卡路里或卡，指食物所产生的热量，也可以作热量单位。例如：
One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一薄片面包有九十卡路里的热量。
12．If you want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.
要是我们想跟上现代生活的快节奏，我们最好在吃的东西和吃的方式上学会做出合适的选择。
keep up with意为“跟上，不落后于”，表示并肩前进，并驾齐驱。如：
John finds it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class in maths.
约翰发现在数学方面很难跟上班里的其他同学。
Can you walk a little slower? I can’t keep up with you.
你能走慢一点吗？我跟不上你。
catch up with 是指在已经落后的情况下“追上，赶上”。如：
He was behind in his studies because of illness, but he is catching up with the others now.
他因为生病学习落后了，但现在正在奋起直追。
13．Calcium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bones and teeth.
鸡蛋、牛奶及其他乳制品所含的钙对我们的骨骼和牙齿有好处。
①be good for意为“对……有好处”（反义短语为be bad for）如：
Walking is good for our health.
Milk is good for children. 牛奶对孩子有好处。
②product指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所生产的东西，含义最广，是可数名词。
production指生产的动作或产量，也指生产的结果，还特指艺术作品。
produce作名词时，指农产品、天然产物或工业产品的总称，是不可数名词。
They must have new markets for their products. 他们的产品必须得有新市场。
The plan was the product of many hours of careful thought.
这个计划是经过数小时深思熟虑的产物。
The factory was built for the production of cars.
建造这家工厂是为了生产汽车。
Production is up this month. 这个月产量增长了。
Several new productions will appear on Broadway this month.
这个月要在百老汇上演好几部新作品。
The farmers brought their produce to town early each morning.
农民们每天清早把他们的农产品带到城里。
14．Many people today make choices about their eating habits based on what they believe.
今天，许多人基于他们自己的看法对饮食习惯做出选择。
based on what they believe是过去分词短语作状语，修饰主句谓语。如：
We’ll spend the night locked in your room.
我们要反锁在你的房间里度过这一夜。
15．Eating habits become part of who we are.
饮食习惯成为我们的一部分特征。
part of who we are表明饮食习惯在一定程度上反映出我们是什么样的人，也就是说，通过饮食习惯可以看出一个人的一些特点。
16．We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made: environmentally friendly foods, or “eco-foods”, are made by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods.
我们也根据产品的种植与加工手段做出选择：绿色食品或“生态食品”是由那些尽量使用绿色或干净的办法生产出的。
①based on how the products are grown or made是过去分词短语作方式状语，how引起宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods是定语从句修饰companies，此处who表示公司里的人，若用which则表示公司这一地方。
②foods表示各种各样的食品，所以用了复数，若单纯表示数量，则food是不可数名词。
17．Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat.
因为我们有这么多东西可以选择，许多公司和商店都对我们该吃什么提出建议。
to choose from是后置定语，修饰so much，构成动宾关系。
choose与choose from的辨析
choose意为“选中”，“选出”
choose from意为“从……中挑选”，from后接选择的范围
Have you chosen a hat yet? 你选了帽子了吗？
There’re different kinds of toys to choose from.
18．The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast.
有些公司建议我们用来快速减肥的“速成食疗”也是如此。
①go在本句中意为“行得通，起作用”。再如：
This truth goes everywhere. 这个真理到处适用。
go也可意为“流传；表达”。如：
As the saying goes, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
俗话说，双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
②some companies say是定语从句中的插入语，这种插入语应位于关系代词之后。如：
Choose the one answer which you think is correct in the following.
在下列句子里选择一个你认为正确的答案。
19．We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs to keep fit. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
对于我们的身体以及身体所需要的燃料我们应多加了解。只有这样我们才能做好充分准备，以应对生活中的挑战与机遇。
①it needs是定语从句，修饰fuel；so that引起目的状语从句。
②be well prepared for=be ready for意为“为……做好充分准备”，表示一种状态，be若换成get则表示动作，不延续。如：
We are well prepared for the exam now. 现在我们已为考试做好了充分准备。
Have you got prepared for the sports meet?
比较：be preparing for意为“在为……做准备”。如：
Bob is preparing for the exam. 鲍勃正为考试做准备。
When I’m preparing for my performance, I don’t like to be interrupted.
我正为表演做准备时，不喜欢被别人打扰。
③only后面跟介词短语，作状语时，引起部分倒装。
20．If our body is short of any of its kind, we will become sick.
如果我们的身体缺乏任何这一类物质，我们就会生病。
be short of作“缺乏，不足”解。例如：
They are short of nothing but time. 他们不缺任何东西只缺时间。
21．Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.
即使我们选择营养食品作为我们的主餐，我们有时可能仍需要补充燃料。
①even if=even though意为“即使”。如：
He will come even if he is ill. 即使病了，他也会来的。
Even if they offered to pay, I wouldn’t accept any money from them.
即使他们主动提出付款，我也不会收他们的钱的。
②now and then意为“有时（不时地），偶尔”，表示不经常发生（sometimes，but not often）如：
I see him now and then, but not often. 我偶尔看见他，但不常见。
I like to go to the opera now and then. 我有时喜欢去看歌剧。
22．We can give our body and brain more energy by eating snacks.
通过小吃我们可以给我们的身体和大脑提供更多的能量。
①brain表示“大脑、头脑”时，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，如：
He’s nice, but hasn’t got much brain. 他人不错，但没大有头脑。
The man has a fine brain. 这人脑子很好用。
brain表示“头脑、智慧”时常用brains，此时为不可数名词。如：
Brains is more than just education. 有头脑不仅指受过教育。
He has much brains. 他很有头脑。
23．Best of all, they taste great!
最棒的是，它们味道好极了！
best of all意为“最好的是，最突出的是”。如：
Best of all, the medicine can help you sleep.
最佳的是，这药对你的睡眠有帮助作用。
24．Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are-all we have to do is clean or peel them.
多数水果本身就是甜的，我们可以不用加工就吃--所有要做的是就是洗净、去皮。
①the way they are中的they are是定语从句，the way后接定语从句时，一般用in which引导，也可以省略，也可换成that。如：
These are some of the ways in which they can be used.
He doesn’t speak the way (that) I do. 他说话方式不像我。
②all we have to do is clean and peel them中clean and peel是省去to的动词不定式，当主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：
The only thing I can do is lie in bed. 我唯一能做的就是躺在床上。
What you should have done was press the button.
你本该做到的就是按下这个按钮。