【单元知识纲要】
类别
语 言 项 目
备注
语
音
[ ]sh s ch c (i) [ ]s
[h]h wh [w]w wh
词
汇
单词见（常用单词积累）
掌
握
I’m sorry to hear that, keep healthy
I hope you’re better now, at the same time
Yesterday evening/… the day before yesterday
Last Sunday/… last year/… just now
Half an hour ago, a moment ago
日
常
交
际
用
语
What day was it yesterday?
I was/You were not here yesterday.
Were you ill? I was a little ill.
I’m sorry to hear that. I hope you’re better now.
Who was not here yesterday? Where was he/she?
Was he/she
Where were they? at home?
Were they
he/she was he/she wasn’t
Yes No
they were they weren’t
理
解
掌
握
Look after yourself and keep healthy.
Did you/he/…have your/his…dinner yesterday?
Yes, I/he/…did, No, I/he/…didn’t.
How did you like it? Very much
语
法
一般过去时（一）
动词be的过去时陈述句，疑问句及答语
动词have的一般过去式方式had的陈述句、疑问句及答语。
掌
握
核心知识
healthy， yesterday， ill， November， was（wasn’t）， were（weren’t）， remember， bring， hope， yourself， composition， busy， business， business man／business woman, sell, country, travel, discuss, together, meeting, ago, enjoy, interesting， exciting，world，reply， dinner， seafood， match， cold， problem, job， call， hour，others，count，plan，diary，foreign，holiday，rest，summer，rain，when（conj），half，fun.
a bit／(of)， a lot(of)／lots of，look after，grow up，keep healthy，be away／back，just now，three days ago，last week，the day before yesterday，yesterday morning， at the same time，living room， half an hour， by the way， do some exercise, put right，make a telephone call, do some reading, There be something wrong with…
a（good） rest
a swim
（a lot of） fun
a holiday
have （a light） breakfast
a match
a（big） dinner
seafood
a meeting
a look（at）
【基础知识精讲】
1.Today is Thursday，November the first.今天是星期四，11月1日 。
英语中，表达日期可先说明月份，再说日期，用序数词，最后说年份，用基数词。例： 7月3日，July the third也可以写作July 3rd或July 3。但应读作July the third.
2.I hope she’s better tomorrow. 我希望她明天好些。
hope希望，其后可接 to do或that从句，但不能说 hope sb. to do sth.例：
① I hope to meet my friends tomorrow.我希望明天碰到我的朋友。
② I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利。
③ Tom hopes（that） he will go to college some day.
汤姆希望他有一天上大学。
3.I was a bit ill.我有点儿病。
（1）a bit修饰 ill，表示程度，可放在形容词、副词前，在此相当于a little.
例：① She is a bit tired.她也有点儿累。
② The basket is a bit heavy.这个篮子有点重。
③ He runs a bit fast.他跑得有点快。
（2）但如果修饰名词，则应用 a bit of，它也相当于a little.例：
There is a bit of water in the glass.
杯子里有点儿水。
I have a bit of money.我有一点钱。
4.Do you want to be a businessman when you grow up?
当你长大了，你想成为一个商人吗？
（1）want to do sth. 想做某事，to do sth.，为动词不定式，它作want的宾语，英语中类似这样的用法，常用的动词还有begin，start，like，remember，hope，try，learn等。例：
① Let’s start to have a rest.我们开始休息吧！
② I’m learning to swim now.我正学游泳。
（2）be在此意思是“成为”相当于become.例：
I like being a soldier.我喜欢作一名战土。
（3）when在此作连词，“当…的时候”，它连接一个时间状语从句。例：
when I got home yesterday，it was very late.
昨天我到家的时候，时间已很晚了。
What are you going to do when you finish middle school?
你中学毕业后你准备做什么？
（4）grow up意思是“长大”。
5.His office is in New York，but he is often away. He travels a lot every month.
他的办公室在纽约，但他经常离开。他差不多每个月旅游。
（1）be away=be not here意思是“离开”（表状态）。其近义词是 leave（表动作）。其反义词是 be back.例：
①How long were you away last week？上星期你离开多长时间？
②He was away from school for a month. And he will be back next week.
他离开学校一个月了。他下星期就回来。
（2）a lot用作状语，“很多”（表示程度，有多种译法）
例：①He works a lot at home.他在家里工作很多
②It rained a lot yesterday. 昨天下了大量的雨。
My brother is feeling a lot better today.
我的兄弟今天感觉好多了。
（3）但修饰名词（可数、不可数都行）时，要用 a lot of或 lots of.例：
① They have a lot of（lots of）things to do.
他们有很多事情要做。
② We had a lot of（lots of）seafood there.
我们在那里吃了大量的海产品。
6.I think I can put it right.我想我能把它修好。
（1）I can put it right.是一个宾语从句，前面省略了连词 that.
（2）put right修理好，纠正（错误），例：
①I’ll some put the DVD machine right for you.
我会很快为你修好DVD的。
② If I’m wrong, you must stop me and put me right.
如果我出现错误，你必须打断我的说话并且纠正我的错误。
7.By the way, why did you call me？
（1）by the way顺便说一声，顺便问一下，它是一个介词短语，作为插入语，常用来提一件与正题无关的事。例：
①By the way，where are you from？顺便问一下，你从哪里来？
②By the way，Did you tell him about it？
顺便问一下，你把这件事告诉他了？
（2）call sb.在口语中意思是“给某人打电话”，表示这一意思还可以用 ring sb. Telephone sb., phone sb., ring sb. up，give sb. a ring（call）,make a telephone call to sb.例：
①You can call him at eight this evening.
今天晚上八点钟你可以给他打电话。
②Please ring me up when you reach Shanghai.
你到达上海的时候，请跟我来电话。
③We can use satellites to make telephone calls to foreign countries.
我们能利用卫星和外国通话。
【重点难点解析】
1. What day was it yesterday？昨天星期几？
(1)What day是 what day of the week的省略，是用于问星期的疑问句。如what day is it tomorrow？
（2）was是be动词“is”的过去式。
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时的句子中动词要用过去式。be动词的过去式am／is-was用于第一及第三人称单数。are－were用于其他人称。例：
①I/He/She was at school yesterday.
②We／You/They were at school yesterday.
在构成否定句，疑问句及其回答时，be动词的过去式与它的现在式用法相同。was not=wasn’t，were not=weren’t.例：
①He isn’t here now.他不在这儿。
He wasn’t here yesterday.昨天他不在这儿。
②Are the twins at school？那对双胞胎在上学吗？
No，they aren’t.不，他们没有。
Were the twins at school yesterday morning？
昨天上午那对双胞胎在上学吗？
No，they weren’t.不，她们没有。
2.You’d better finish your homework soon, and bring it next Monday.你最好马上完成作业，下周一把它带来。
bring，take，carry都有“拿”的意思。
（1）bring拿来，指从别的地方带到说话的地点来。
例：①Bring me your book， please.请把你的书拿给我。
②You must bring a story book here next time.
你下次一定带一本故事书来。
（2）take带走，指从说话的地方拿到别的地方去。例：
①Could you take the boy to school？
你能把这个男孩带去上学吗？
②It’s going to rain. Take a raincoat with you.
要下雨了。请带上雨衣。
（3）carry，搬动，移动，它不强调方向，但多指移动较重的东西。例：
The box is too heavy. I can’t carry it.
这个盒子太重，我搬不动它。
3.That’s OK. You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
没关系，你必须保重、保持健康的体魄。
（1）That’s OK=That’s all right=It doesn’t matter.没关系。
（2）look after＝take care of照看，看管。例：
①My sister is ill. I have to look after her.
我妹妹病了，我得照看她。
②Please look after your things.请看好你的东西。
（3）yourself是反身代词，在句中作 look after的宾语。
（4）healthy是形容词，“健康的”，它是由名词health加后缀-y而来。又如luck-lucky，sun-sunny，rain-rainy等。
（5）keep+形容词，指“使…处于…状态中”，又如：
keep closed， keep quiet， keep busy等。
4.My job is to sell computers.我的工作就是出售电脑。
（1）job在此与work同义，都指“工作”，但job是指具体某一件“事”，某一项“工作”，是可数名词。而work是抽象名词，泛指一般的“工作”，是可数名词。而work是抽象名词，泛指一般的“工作”和“劳动”没有复数， works是指“作品”，“著作”，而不是“工作”之意。
例：①He did a good job.他从事着一件好工作。
而不能说 He did a good work.(可改为：He did very good work 他干得很出色.)
②They were out of a job.（jobs）.They were out of work.他们失业了。
③I have read the complete works of LuXun.
我已读过鲁迅的全部作品。
（2）to sell computers是动词不定式短语在句中作表语。例：
①Her wish is to become a scientist.她的愿望是成为一位科学家。
②Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划是在两周内完成这一项工作。
5.It takes me forty minutes，so I usually get there earlier than others.
它需要我四十分钟的时间，所以我比别人到那里早些。
（1）It是形式主语，指代上文中的“to drive to my office”
（2）take是“花费、需要、占用”的意思。它构成一固定句型：It tales（sb.）
some time to do sth.做某事需要（某人）多少。例：
①It takes us half an hour to get to the theatre by bus.
乘车到剧院需要我们半小时。
②It took Mr. Wang about three hours to put the TV set right yesterday.
昨天王师傅花了大约三个小时才把那台电视机修好。
③It will take a year to build the bridge.
建这座桥将需要一年的时间。
（3）others泛指“指人”、“另外的事物”。例：
①We must help others.我们必须帮助别人。
②Some stayed while others left.
一些人留下来了，而另外一些离开了。
6.Last summer my family and I had a good rest.
去年暑假，我和我的全家好好地休息了一下。
（1）英语中，如出现第一人称（I，We）和其它名词或代词作并列主语时，须把I，We放在最后。如：
you， he and I我，你，他，my friend and I我和我的朋友。
（2）have a good rest好好休息，此处 have不是“有”的意思，而是行为动词，“have+名词”构成固定词组。 have、has的过去式为 had在变疑问句时和其它行为动词一样，要将助动词“Did”加在句首，原谓语动词用原形。变否定句时，用didn’t加在动词原形之前。
例：
They had a meeting last Sunday.
否定句： They didn’t have a meeting last Sunday.
疑问句： Did they have a meeting last Sunday？
本单元have所构成的词组见［词用单词积累］。
（3）一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语相连用，如 yesterday, last week, a moment ago，in 1981等等。
典型例题
【课本难题解答】
练习册Pll4第2题
此题重点考查一般过去时，动词be的过去式was和were的用法，同时注意过去时间的用法。
分别以人称I、单数人称（you之外）、复数人称为例。
1.人称I，be动词的过去形式应为was，故可组成句子：
I was at a theatre the day before yesterday.
Was I on a farm last Sunday？
等很多不同的句子。
2.单数人称，如our English teacher，be动词的过去形式应为was，故可组成句子：
Our English teacher was in a primary school last year.
Was our English teacher at work the year before last？
Our English teacher was not in a factory last week.
等很多不同的句子。
3.复数人称：如they，be的过去形式应为were，故可组成句子：
They were in Grade One yesterday？
Were they in Qingdao last year.
4. you第二人称，be的过去形式应为 were.
【有关"Unit 8 I was not here yesterday" 的教学设计】
教学设计1. 初二英语 Lesson 30
前言
Properties: Recorder
学习目标：
Teaching Objectives:
Students should grasp different prepostions denoting position and be able to describe people’s position and grasp the words of body parts.
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计2. 初二英语 Lesson 29
前言
Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projecter
学习目标：
Teaching Objectives:
Students should master the way of asking the position and saying the position by using prepositions “on one’s right/left” ，“at the back front of…”，“in the middle of…”， “in the front/back row” and “on the right/left – hand side”.
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
常见问题1: 初二英语上学期第八单元1
问题：
阅读
There was once a farmer who lived near a road.
It was not a busy road， but from time to time， cars passed the farm.
Near the farm gate, there was a large hole（坑） ____（1）the road. This hole was always full of____（2）， and the drivers of the cars could not____（3） how deep（深的）the hole was. They thought it was not very deep.
Then when they____（4） into the hole，they could not drive out____（5） it was so deep.
The farmer didn’t spend（花）____（6） time working on his farm. He spent most of it____（7） the hole.
When a car drove into it，he pulled（拉） the car out with his tractor（拖拉机） and asked for a lot of money from the driver ____（8） doing this.
One day， the driver of a car said to him，“You ____（9） make a lot of money pulling cars out of this hole night and day.”
“Oh， no，” the farmer said.“I ____（10） pull cars out of the hole at night. At night I fill the hole with water.”
1.A.on B. near C. beside D. in
2.A.water B. cars C. dust D. mud(泥巴)
3.A.know B. think C. see D. believe
4. A. drive B. drove C. walk D. ran
5.A.when B. because C. that D. as
6.A.many B. a lot C. much D. a little
7.A.looking for B. seeing C. working at D. watching
8.A.for B. of C. to D. with
9.A can B. will C. must D. would
10.A.do B. don’t C. can’t D. can
解答:
答案：
1一5 D A C B B 6一10 C D A C B
此题主要考查学生运用语言的能力，适当的时候注意上下文内容的连贯性。
常见问题2: 初二英语上学期第八单元2
问题：
Wei Ming school for more than a week.
A. away from B. was away from C. left
解答:
分析 答案是B，leave是短暂性动词，不能和表一段时间的状语 for more than a week连用，再者 away是副词，不能作谓语。
常见问题3: 初二英语上学期第八单元3
问题：
Can you me some new book tomorrow？
A. bring B. take C. put
解答:
分析 答案是A，put是“放”，take是“拿走”，bring是“拿来”。此处是表示“拿给我”，指要拿到说话的地方来。
常见问题4: 初二英语上学期第八单元4
问题：
You must do sport and keep .
A. health B. healthy C. heath
解答:
分析 答案是B，keep后应接形容词，表示“使…处于…的状态中”，healthy是形容词，“健康的”。
常见问题5: 初二英语上学期第八单元5
问题：
It much colder today than it yesterday.
A. is…is B. is…was C. was…is
解答:
分析 答案是B，这里是把“今天的天气”与“昨天的天气”相比，than连词前是指“今天的天气”，其后是指“昨天的天气”。
常见问题6: 初二英语上学期第八单元6
问题：
A：What was yesterday？B：It was Monday.
A. time B. day C. date
解答:
分析 答案是B，因为答语中回答的是“星期一”，所以问句中应用 what day 询问星期。
常见问题7: 初二英语上学期第八单元7
问题：
What you for lunch？ Rice and vegetables.
A. did…have B. were…have C. did…had
解答:
分析 答案是A, have在此句中是“吃”的意思，是行为动词，它的过去式have的问句，应用 did助动词加前，后还原（had还原成 have）.
课后练习1：课后练习
一、[单项填空]：
( )1．What day_________ tomorrow？
A．it is B．is it
C．was it D．it was
( )2．_________ everyone at school yesterday.
A．Were B．Are C．Was D．Is
( )3．You must_________ yourself.
A．look like B．look at
C．look for D．look after
二、[单项填空]：
( )1．__________ you often late for school？
A．Is B．Was C．Are D．Do
( )2．I _____________ you're better today.
A．look B．see C．hope D．want
( )3．A：_____________ are you now, Ann？
B： Much better, thank you.
A．What B．Which
C．Where D．How
课后练习1：课后练习答案
一、解：
①选B。②选C。③选D，照顾、照看。
二、解：
①选C，be late for．．．
②选C，表希望。
③选D。
课后练习1：课后练习
一、[单项填空]：
( ) 1．It's cold outside, You'd_____________on your coat.
A．better put B．like to put
C．like take D．better to put
( )2．--Li Lei's mother is ill in hospital.
--______________.
A．I'm very sorry
B．I'm sorry to hear that
C．I'm sorry of that
D．I hope her better
( )3．Just now I________________in the classroom.
A．am B．stay C．was D．sit
二、[单项填空]：
( )1．Peter always plans his work as
_____________as he can.
A．careful B．carefully
C．careless D．more careful
( )2．He wants to be a football player when he________________.
A．grew up B．grow up
C．growing up D．grows up
( )3．The story is quite______________.
A．funny B．funnier
C．more funny D．a funny
课后练习1：课后练习答案
一、解：
①选A，had better+动词原形。
②选B。
③选C，just now用于过去时。
二、解：
①选B，修饰动词用副词as．．．as中间用原级。
②选D，When引导的时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句只需用一般现在时。
③选A，quite, too, very等后用形容词或副词原形。