科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit3.doc
标题 American English(美式英语)
章节 第三单元
关键词 高一英语第三单元
内容
高中英语 第一册
Unit 3
一、【目地与要求】
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组
pronounce , medicine , British , however , European , reason , explain , have some difficulty in doing……, ask…for , and so on , more or less , change…into…, come about , bring in , a great many ,等等……。
二、【日常交际用语】
Would you please say that again more slowly ?
How do you pronounce/spell… ?
I’m sorry I know only a little English .
I have some difficulty in doing sth .
I’m sorry I don’t quite follow you .
What does this word mean ?
三、【知识重点与难点分析】
1.I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English .
在某些英语单词的发音上我有些困难。
have some difficulty (in) doing sth
这是一个很常见的句型。意思是“在做某事方面有困难”。
其中介词in常可省略。在此句型中difficulty是用作不可数名词,所以前面不能加不定冠词“a”,也不能改为复数形式。但difficulty前可加any , no等词,例如:
Do you have any difficulty in translating this sentence into English ?
你把这句子翻译成英语有困难吗?
WE HAD NO DIFFICULTY IN FINDING HIS HOUSE YESTERDAY EVENING . (=WE DIDN’T HAVE ANY DIFFICULTY……)
昨晚,我们毫不费劲地就找到了他的家。
2.When do you take your near exams ?
你们下一次考试是什么时候?
注意本句中用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。本句相当于:When will you take your next exams ?
此句用法只限于将来的事件是“列入日程”的,也就是说,是按计划或时刻表将要发生的事,则可以用一般现在时来表示将来。
例如:
When does the winter vocation begin ?
寒假什么时候开始?
What time does the train leave for Shanghai ?
开往上海的列车几点开车?
The plane takes off at ten A.M.
飞机上午十点起飞。
3.Pardon ? Would you please say that again more slowly ?
对不起,请慢点再说一遍好吗?
Pardon ? =Beg pardon ? =I beg your pardon?
是“对不起,请原谅”的意思。这里当没听清楚或没听懂对方话时,希望对方重复一遍的礼貌用语。意思是“I didn’t hear/understand what you said”同下句“I’m sorry , I don’t quite follow you .”一样,也是希望对方重说一遍的用语。
4.Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and America , though there are some spelling differences .
在英国和美国,书面英语大体上是相同的,尽管在拼法上有些差异。
more or less 作“或多或少”、“大约”、“差不多”、“几乎”解。
例如:
This work is more or less finished .
这件工作大体上已经完成了。
I’ve more or less finished reading the book .
我差不多已经把这本书看完了。
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling .
粉刷天花板用了大约一整天的时间。
I think it’s more or less a crime .
我认为这或多或少是一种犯罪行为。
5.How did these differences come about ?
这些差异是如何产生的呢?
come about意思是“发生”,“造成”。与happen , take place意思相近。
How did this accident come about ?
这个事故是怎么发生的?
Nobody knows how the change came about ?
没人知道这种变化是怎样发生的?
Can you tell me when it came about ?
你能告诉我这是何时发生的吗?
6.At first ,the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain ,but slowly the language began to change from one part of the world to another.
起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同,但是,慢慢地它开始在一个又一个地区发生变化。
1)句中的stay是连系动词,作“保持(某种状态)”解。相当于remain , keep的意思。通常后边跟形容词作表语。
例如:
This restaurant stays open till twelve o’clock .
这家餐馆一直营业到12点。
The temperature has stayed high this week .
这个星期气温一直都很高。
2)the same as/the same…as
是“和…一样”的意思。
例如:
Your bike is the same as mine .
你的自行车和我的自行车是一样的。
I have the same trouble as you(have).
我和你有同样的困难。
I feel just the same as you do .
我和你们的感觉是一样的。
Jenny looks the same as before .
珍妮看上去同过去一样。
Mary is about the same age as your mother .
Mary大约是和你母亲同岁。
7.Sometimes , the English spoken in America or Canada or Australia changed ; but sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same , while the language in England changed.
有的时候,美国,加拿大或澳大利亚所说的英语发生了变化;但有的时候,这些地方所说的英语保持不变,而英国说的英语发生了变化。
1)在句中“spoken in America or Canada or Australia”和“the language”,其作用相当于定语从句。
如:Sometimes , the English which was spoken in America or Canada or Australia changed ; but sometimes the language (Which was spoken)in England changed .
2.which在句中是并列连词,表示两种情况的对照,对比或相反的情况,意思是“进而”、“而”、“却”。
例如:
He is tall while his elder brother is short .
他个子高而他的哥哥个子却矮。
English is understood all over the world while turkish is spoken by only a few people outside turkey itself .
英语世界通行,而土耳其语离开本国就很少有人说了。
8.But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western England .
但是,美国人还是说“fall”,就像英格兰有些地区的人说“fall”一样。
1)本句中的助动词do与下句“In the same way Americans use the expression”I guess “(meaning “I think ”) just as the British did 300 years ago .”中的did的用法是相同的。它们分别代替上文中出现过的谓语动词“talk”和“use”,以避免不必要的重复。
2)just as , as是连词,引导一个表示方式的状语从句,意思是“正如”,“恰似”,“按照”。
例如:
Please do as I’ve told you .
请按我说的去做。
I have changed it as you suggest .
我已按照你的建议作了修改。
She loves singing and dancing , just as her mother does .
正如她母亲一样,她也喜欢唱歌跳舞。
Please leave everything just as you find it .
请让一切都保持原状吧。
9.a great many + 名词/of代词,这里一个固定搭配用法,作“许多”,“非常多”解(=a large number of ). many在句中可用作形容词,也可用作代词。
例如:
A great many workers went on stride last week .
上周许多工人举行了罢工。
Now a great many of them are out of work .
现在他们当中许多人都失业了。
10.There are several reasons for this .
这种情况的原因有几个。
1)the/ one’s reason for sth or doing sth是一个固定搭配的用法,作“…的原因、理由”解,the reason后不能用of。
the reason why +从句,意思也是“…的原因”。在口语中也可以用the reason that .
例如:
Give me your reasons for doing it .
告诉我你做那件事的理由。
What is the reason for your hurry ?
你为什么这么匆忙?
This is the reason why he didn’t pass the examination .
这就是他考试不及格的原因。
The reason that he didn’t pass the exam was that he didn’t work hard enough .
他考试不及格的原因是学习不够努力。
3)reason与cause的区别。
reason与cause作名词时都有“原因”和“理由”的意思。reason通常指产生某种行为 或想法的推理上的理由,而cause通常指导致某一事件发生的起因。reason常和for连用,而cause常和of连用。
例如:
Please give me your reason for absence .
请你把缺席的理由告诉我。
The cause of the fire is still unknown .
这场大火的起因还不知道呢。
11.…they also brought in some words from their own languages .
…他们也把自己语言中的一些词汇带到英国中来了。
bring in是动词词组。意思是“带进来”,“请进来”,“赚得”,“带来收入”。
例如:
We’ll bring in a professor to give us a lecture on the difference between American English and British English.
我们准备请一位教授来给我们讲一讲美国英语和英国英语的差异。
Don’t bring Peter in .He will do nothing to help us .
不要请Peter来,他不会帮我们什么忙的。
His orchards bring(him)in $2000 a year .
他的果园每年可赚二千美元。
He does odd jobs that bring him in ten to twelve pounds a week .
他做零工每月可赚十至十二英镑。
12.I have some difficulties with pronunciation .
我在发音方面有些困难。
在这句中difficulty是可数名词,意思是“sth difficult to do or understand =难事,难做的 事或难懂的事。”
例如:
She met with many difficulties when she was traveling in Japan .
她在日本旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事。
I want to marry her , but my parents are making difficulties .
我想同她结婚,但我父母却从中阻挠。
13.I don’t have any more tapes .
我再也没有磁带了。
not…any more/no more 意思是“不再”,“再也不”。
例如:
She said that she wouldn’t go there any more .(=she said she would go there no more .)
她说她再也不会到那儿去了。
We couldn’t stand it any more .
我们再也忍受不了了。
I don’t want to see him any more .
我再也不想见到他了。
14.I practised writing them for homework .
我在作业中练习写这些(汉字)。
practise sth or doing sth 练习做某事。注意practise后要跟名词或动名词,不能跟不定 式。
例如:
They are practising speaking English with some foreigners now .
现在,他们正在同外国人练习说英语呢。
He practises running every morning .
他每天早晨都练习跑步。
四、【背景知识】
英国英语和美国英语之间的区别主要有以下几个方面:
1)在词汇方面的区别:
gas/gasoline(美)──petrol(英); baggage(美)──luggage(英);
package(美)──parcel(英); mail(美)──post(英);
movie(美)──film(英); subway(美)──underground(英);
stairway(美)──staircase(英); soccer(美)──football(英)等。
2)在拼写方面的区别:
check(美)──cheque(英); jail(美)──gaol(英);
tire(美)──tyre(英);
美国英语一般用-or词尾,英国英语用-our词尾:
color──colour; favor──favour;
labor──labour等。
美国英语用-er词尾,英国英语用-re词尾:
center──centre; meter──metre;
theater──theatre等。
美国英语不双写辅音字母l,英国英语要双定辅音字母l:
marveled──marvelled; quarreler──quarreller;
traveling──travelling等。
3)在读音方面的区别:
again[′gein](美)──[′gen](英);clerk[kl:k](美)──[kla:k];
laboratory[′lebrtri](美)──[l′brtri](英);
此外,像dance , class , fast , half , past这些词中的元音字母a ,美国英语读作[ e ],英国英语读作[ a :],如[dens](美)──[da :ns](英);[kl es](美)──[kla :s](英);[f est](美)──[fa:st](英)等。
4)语法方面的区别:
在表示汉语“有”的概念时,美国英语多用动词have,英国英语多用动词完成式have got。
例如:I have a new car.(美)──I have got a new car.(英)。又如,美国英语说I insisted that everything be ready by six o’clock that evening,而在当前标准英国英语里,这类虚拟语气形式是“should”+动词原形,也就是:I insisted that everything should be ready by six o’clock that evening .
尽管美国英语和英国英语有着上述的一些区别,但这些区别并不影响相互之间的交际。