Unit 1 Friendship
be good to 对….友好
add up 合计
another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做
calm down 镇定下来
have got to 不得不
be concerned about 关心；挂念
walk the dog 遛狗
make a list of 列出
share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 经历；仔细检查
hide away 躲藏；隐藏
set down 放下；记下
a series of 一系列；一套
be crazy about 对…着迷
on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地
according to 按照；根据…所说
get along with 与…相处
pack up 收拾，打理行装
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难
fall in love 相爱
throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊
try out 试验；试用
join in 参加（活动）
communicate with sb 和…交际
far and wide 到处
look to sth 注意，留心某事
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯
be ignorant of 无知的
1. I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
11. She found it difficult to settle and…
12. This series of readers is very interesting.
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
Unit2 English around the world
in…ways 在…方面
be different from 与…不同
play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于
such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论
come up with 提出
come up to a place 参观某地
ever before 从前
at the end of 在…末期
even if/ though 即使
be based on 在...基础上
close to 距离…近
make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用
change…into 把…变成
in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 从一处到另一处
take…with…随身携带
the same…as 与…相同的
at present 目前
as a rule 通常；照例
be present at 在席；出席
carry out a rule 执行规则
be absent from 缺席
be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth
be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
at sb’s request 应某人的要求
have a command of掌握
make a request 请求
give commands 命令
request that …(should)+v原形
in one direction 朝一个方向
an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as we know 正如我们所知
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.
(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)
4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)
5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)
8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.
(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)
9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)
句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是…
扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.
eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.
附：
1. either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。
2. be different in
强调在某方面的不同
be different from 强调在各方面的不同
3. in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构
三个表示最后最终的用法：
⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用
⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等
4. 与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？
⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.
对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？
5. include ─ including; included
identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v)
government (n) ─ govern(v)
wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)
foreign ─ foreigner;
solve (v) ─ solution (n)
6. petrol------gas ;
lift------elevator;
flat------apartment
film------movie; sweets----candy;
post------mail
Unit3 Travel Journal
one-way fare 单程票
round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事
graduate from 从…毕业
go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣
insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法
at an altitude of 在…海拔上
attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度
care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾
care to do愿意/同意做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
to my mind = in my opinion
make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事
give in (to) 投降；屈服；让步
give in (vt) 上交
give up 放弃
give up doing/sth
as usual 像往常一样
at midnight 午夜
make camp 野营，宿营
put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷
sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉
sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则… 二则…
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.
强调句基本句型：it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。
2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.
insist that….(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求
insist that….陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为
3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)
4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.
5. Good luck on your journey.
6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight. (simile)
Unit4 Earthquakes
have time to do 有时间做某事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手
burst into tears/ laughter
burst out crying/laughing
突然哭/笑起来
in ruins 成为废墟
cut across 穿过、横穿
blow away 吹走、刮走
fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人员
be pleased to do 乐意做某事
make/ give a speech 发表演说
judging….from 根据……来判断
tens of thousands of 成千上万
dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的
be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面
the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事
come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
think little of 对……评价低
invite sb for/ to sth
think highly of 对……评价高
one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3
seventy-five percent 75%
agree with sb
give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽
agree to sth
give off 发出（气味等）
agree to do sth
give away 赠送；泄露
agree on sth 达成一致意见
give back 归还
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻
as you know 正如你所知道的
be known as 作为……而知名
as is known to all 众所周知
be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以预料到的
it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的
happen= take place= come about= break out
偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发
1. It is always calm before a storm.
2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 此句为There be 句型
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词表伴随
4. It seemed that the world was at an end.
5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.
句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义
6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定
7. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
附：分词用法 之 作定语
falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水
Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
lose heart 丧失勇气
worry about 担心（动作）
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上
be worried about 担心（状态）
in trouble 处于不幸中
be sentenced to 被判处
be out of work = lose one’s job 失业
be equal to 相等的，平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨
blow up 充气，爆炸
set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起
send up 发射，使上涨
set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)
go up 上升，增长；被兴建
set off 出发，动身
set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起
set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）
be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在……活跃
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为……而死
stop sb (from) doing sth
die from 死于（外因）
prevent sb (from) doing sth
die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advice 不可数 a piece of advice
advise doing sth
fight for 为争取……而斗争
advise sb on sth
fight against 为反对……而斗争
advise that (should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth
work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a try
be willing to do sth 乐于做某事
realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想
answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
break the law 违反法律
come to power 当权，上台
social activities 社会活动
equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj)
cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv)
educated (adj)------education (n)
willing----unwilling 不愿意的
active----inactive 不活跃的
1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）
2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.
the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句
链接：It’s the first time that 现在完成时
It was the first time that 过去完成时
4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
should have done 本应做而未做
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了
can’t have done 过去不可能做过