词汇导练
1．Our cars are ____________ only in colour.Actually they are of great difference.
2．Do you believe in the ____________ of God?
3．She was shocked by the violent scenes she had ____________.
4．We have made great ____________ in controlling inflation.
5．His evidence ________ me that the first reports were true.
6．When __________ (研究)，they met lots of difficulties.
7．He was __________ (感到失望的)to hear that he failed again.
8．These measures are strongly __________(支持)by environmental groups.
9．He __________ (搜索)the Web for interesting sites.
10．The detective told us he wouldn’t give up until he found convincing __________(证据)．
11．There is a __________(possible)that he will arrive late.
12．No one knows how the universe came into __________(exist)．
1.similar 2.existence 3.witnessed 4.progress 5.convinced 6.researching 7.disappointed 8.supported 9.searched 10.evidence 11.possibility 12.existence
短语汇集
1．________________ 加紧，加强，促进
2．________________ 由于，因为
3．________________ 出现，露面
4．________________ 根据
5．________________ 排除
6．________________ 调查；检查
7．________________ 编造，捏造，杜撰
8．________________ 负责，接管
9．________________ 追，追赶
10．________________ 平均
1.step up 2.due to 3.show up 4.according to 5.rule out 6.look into 7.make up 8.take charge of 9.run after 10.on average
语句试译
1．(回归课本P18)Yetis are ________ ________ ________heavily built and hairy.
据说雪人身体庞大，毛茸茸的。
2．(回归课本P18)They say that the footprints ________ ________ ________ made by bears or other animals.
他们说这些脚印很可能是熊或其他动物踩出来的。
3．(回归课本P3)Standing inside ________ lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes.
里面站着许多白皮肤、样子奇怪、长着黑色大眼睛的生物。
4．(回归课本P2)However，police found that Justin ________ in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p．m..
然而，警方发现贾斯汀在星期五晚上11点左右肯定回过家。
1.said to be 2.could have been 3.were 4.did
核心知识
1. puzzling adj. 令人困惑不解的
(回归课本P2)Boy missing，police puzzled.
男孩失踪，警方困惑。
归纳拓展
frightened/frightening
disappointed/disappointing
surprised/surprising
satisfied/satisfying
excited/exciting
interested/interesting
pleased/pleasing
bored/boring
tired/tiring
例句探源
①It puzzles scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.科学家很疑惑这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的。
②(牛津P1616)She had a puzzled look on her face.
她满面迷惑的表情。
③It’s a rather puzzling film.这是一部很难懂的电影。
1．完成句子
(1)被指责后，学生们不知道下一步怎么办。
After being blamed，the students ________ ________ (________) what to do next.
答案：are puzzled (about)
(2)最让人不解的是梅森等了一周才报了案。
The most ________ was the fact that Mason waited a week to report the crime.
答案：puzzling
(3)令我不解的是他为什么悄悄离开这个国家。
________ ________ ________ is why he left the country without telling anyone.
答案：What puzzles me
2. search n．& vi.& vt. 搜索，搜寻，搜查
(回归课本P2)Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteenMyearMold boy who went missing two days ago in Dover，New Hampshire.
警方已经加紧对一名15岁的失踪男孩的搜索，该男孩于两天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。
归纳拓展
【温馨提示】 (1)search在作名词用时，前面一般有a，the或物主代词等限定词，这时在其后既可跟of也可跟for，但意义不一样。跟of时表示的是动宾关系，of后面的名词是“被搜的对象”；跟for时后面的名词则是“寻找的目标”。(2)in search of是个固定习语，of后面的名词一定是“寻找的目标”。如果search前有物主代词或不定冠词修饰，用介词for，即in a/one’s search for。
例句探源
①The search has cost them a lot of time and money.
搜索耗费他们大量的时间和金钱。
②(朗文P1834)They travelled widely in search of work.
他们四处奔波找工作。
③(牛津P1796)Police searched for clues in the area.
警察在那一地带查找线索。
④The youths were arrested and searched for anything that would incriminate them.警察逮捕了那些年轻人，并进行搜身寻找使他们负罪的东西。
2．用search及相关词组的正确形式填空：
(1)These migrant workers moved from city to city ________ ________ ________ work.
答案：in search of
(2)They ________ him，but found nothing.
答案：searched
(3)After a long ________ ________ the book in the library，he found what he wanted.
答案：search for
(4)Let’s join them ________
________/________ ________ ________ the lost child.
答案：in their/the search for
3. witness n．[C] 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
(回归课本P2)Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his home at 10∶45 p．m..
目击者也说他们看见贾斯廷晚上10∶45朝家走去。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①In his lifetime，Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865...
一生中，道格拉斯见证了1865年奴隶制的结束……
②(牛津P2313)Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
③(朗文P2358)We have been witness to the rapid transformation of the neighborhood.
我们见证了周边地区的快速变迁。
3．完成句子
(1)他目睹了我们家乡的巨大变化。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ in our hometown.
答案：witnessed the great changes
(2)被告有很多证人说他无罪。
The accused had ________ ________ to say that he was not guilty.
答案：many witnesses
(3)神舟七号的成功发射是我们伟大祖国日益强盛的有力见证。
The successful launch of Shenzhou Ⅶ is ________ ________ ________ ________ our country’s increasing prosperity.
答案：a powerful witness to
4. convincing adj. 令人信服的
(回归课本P18)He became convinced that they exist while studying the footprints.
他在研究这些脚印的过程中越发相信野人的确存在。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①I was convinced he would be more famous than Chaplin.
我相信他将比卓别林更出名。
②(朗文P443)He’ll try to convince you of Mitchell’s innocence.他会设法使你相信米切尔是无辜的。
③(牛津P438)I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
我一直劝他去看病。
4．完成句子
(1)除非你使我相信你是可靠的，否则我不会再信任你。
I will never trust you any longer unless you ________ ________ ________ your reliance.
答案：convince me of
(2)我们说服Ann坐火车而不是坐飞机去。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ by train rather than by plane.
答案：convinced Ann to go
★5.There has been no ________ evidence to prove the ________ of life on other planets.
A．convincing；existence
B．convinced；existence
C．convinced；exist
D．convincing；exist
解析：选A。第一空表示“令人信服的证据”，第二空意思是指“生命的存在”，由此可以确定答案为A。句意为：还没有令人信服的证据来证明其他行星上存在生命。
5. similar adj. 相似的，类似的
(回归课本P18)Each reported sighting produces similar descriptions of the creature.
每个看到这种生物的人对它的描述都是相似的。
归纳拓展
be similar to与……相似
be similar in在……方面相似
similarly adv.相似地
similarity n.相似；相似点/性
例句探源
①(牛津P1869)My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.我的教学风格和多数教师相似。
②(朗文P1911)We have similar tastes in music.
我们对音乐的品味相近。
6．完成句子
(1)Many French words __________ __________ __________(与……相似)English ones.
答案：are similar to
(2)Rose bought some new shoes that are very __________ (相似的)to the pair she had before.
答案：similar
★7.My opinions on the matter are __________ to Kay’s while Mark’s are __________ from her.
A．similar；different B．similar；differ
C．familiar；different D．familiar；differ
解析：选A。be similar to 与……相似，be different from 与……不同。句意：我在这件事情上的看法与Kay的相同，但Mark和她的看法不同。故A正确。
★8.(2010年福建顺昌高三模拟)Our bodies are strengthened by working out.__________，our minds are developed by learning.
A．Likely B．Similarly
C．Probably D．Therefore
解析：选B。likely可能地；similarly类似地，相似地；probably可能地；therefore因此。句意：通过工作可以增强体质，同样，通过学习可以开发智力。
6. strength n．[C]&[U] 力量；力气
(回归课本P18)The engineers ran after the creature，which ran with amazing speed and strength.
当工程师们追赶野人时，野人却以惊人的速度和体力奔跑起来。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2039)Sarah hugged her brother with all her strength.
萨拉使尽全力拥抱她弟弟。
②(牛津P1997)It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
③The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.
能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。
易混辨析
strength，energy，force，power
(1)strength指(物的)强度、(人的)力气，尤指承受重物的力量。还可指人的强项、长处。
(2)energy含义是物理定义“能”。用于人时，指人的精力、工作能力，还可指能量、能源。
(3)force指物理学上的力，尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的力；也指为做成某事而使用的力量，还可指武力、强制力、效力。
(4)power可指一切内存的、外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为势力、政权等；也指电力、动力、功率。
9．用strength，force，energy，power填空：
(1)Knowledge is __________.
答案：power
(2)Old as he is，he is full of __________.
答案：energy
(3)He lost some of the __________ in his muscles when he stopped exercising.
答案：strength
(4)The police had to use __________ when they took him to the police station.
答案：force
★10.To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their __________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
解析：选A。空缺处应选与weaknesses相对的词，只有A项正确。benefit利益，好处；technique技术，技巧；value价值，均不符合题意。
★11.-You are always full of __________.Can you tell me the secret?
-Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A．power B．strength
C．force D．energy
解析：选D。句意：-你总是精力旺盛，能否说一下你的秘诀？-每天都做充足的锻练。power 权力，势力；strength力气，优势；force力，武力；energy精力；be full of energy指“精力旺盛”，符合题意。
7. due to 因为，由于
(回归课本P2)People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sightings of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.
公众对男孩的失踪表现出极大的兴趣，原因是在他失踪前后有人声称看到天空中出现令人迷惑不解的亮光，还有关于外星人造访地球的报道。
归纳拓展
(1)be due for sth.应有，应得到某物,be due to do sth.预定、预计、预期做某事
be due to sb.应给予某人；应支付给某人
(2)because of由于，因为
owing to由于，因为
on account of由于，因为
thanks to幸亏，由于；多亏(常表示正面的原因
例句探源
①(牛津P621)Most of the problems were due to human error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
②(朗文P631)Our book’s not due to be published until December.我们的书预计要到12月份才能出版。
③After he was fired，the company failed to pay him the commissions due to him.
他被解雇后，公司没有支付应该给他的佣金。
12．完成句子
(1)他的缺席是由那场暴风雨造成的。
His absence ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(＝He was absent ________ ________ the storm.)
答案：was due to the storm；due to
(2)由于粗心他失败了。
He failed ________ ________ ________.
答案：due to carelessness
(3)这本书预定于十月出版。
The book ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in October.
答案：is due to be published
8. show up 出现，露面
(回归课本P2)When Justin did not show up at the family lunch the next day，Mrs.Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.
到第二天中午全家人在一起吃午饭的时候，贾斯廷仍然没有露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，就让丈夫打电话报警。
归纳拓展
show in领……进来
show out把……送到门口，送……出去
show sb.around/round...领某人参观……；带某人巡视……
show off炫耀，卖弄
(be) on show展出，陈列
例句探源
①(朗文P1896)Her tumor didn’t show up on the scan.
她的肿瘤在扫描仪上看不出来。
②(牛津P1853)Has anyone shown you around yet?
有没有人带你四处走走？
③She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.
她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。
13．用适当的介词或副词填空：
(1)Samples of all kinds of export commodities will be ________ show at the fair.
答案：on
(2)Has anyone shown you ________ the city since you came here?
答案：around
(3)She wanted to show ________ her new dress at the party but she lost her necklace.
答案：off
(4)Why didn’t you show ________ yesterday?
答案：up
9. make up 编造，捏造，杜撰；弥补；组成；和解；整理；化妆，打扮
(回归课本P3)“Sometimes people make up such amazing stories，”says Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case.
“人们有时候喜欢编造这类耸人听闻的故事，”负责调查此案的萨姆皮特森侦探说。
归纳拓展
be made up of＝consist of由……组成
be made from由……制成(成品中看不出原料)
be made(out)of由……制成(成品中能看出原料)
make...into...把……制成
make out辨认出，理解，明白；开(写)支票,
make for走向，前往；冲向；有助于
make off离开，逃走
例句探源
①NonMHan people make up nearly 30% of Yunnan’s population.非汉族人口几乎占云南人口的30%。
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.
她们之间发生过三次大的争吵，但每次都重归于好。
③They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.他们把他打扮成一个老头，出演这出戏的最后一幕。
④(朗文P1246)Oh，she wouldn’t make up a story like that.
呀，她不会编造那样一个故事。
⑤(牛津P1222)They made up a bed for me on the sofa.
他们给我在沙发上铺了个床。
14．Without my glasses，I couldn’t ________ whether that figure on the blackboard was a 3 or an 8.
A．make out B．make up
C．make for D．make off
解析：选A。句意：不戴眼镜，我看不清黑板上的数字是3还是8。make out弄清，弄懂。
★15.(2010年舟山模拟)The driver started to speed up to ________ for the hour he had lost in the traffic jam.
A．keep up B．take up
C．make up D．catch up
解析：选C。句意：“为了弥补他在堵车时耽误的一小时，司机开始加速”，make up for弥补。
16．(2010年吉安模拟)When I wanted to buy a computer，I saved as much as I could，and my mother ________ the rest of the money.
A．kept up B．held up
C．took up D．made up
解析：选D。句意：“当我想买电脑时，我尽可能地多攒钱，我妈妈补上了剩下的钱。”make up弥补。
10. take charge of 负责，接管
(回归课本P3)Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case.侦探Sam Peterson负责此案。
归纳拓展
(1)take charge of有时可代替be in charge of，前者更侧重动作。
(2)in charge of意为“管理、负责”，含主动意义。句子的主语可以是人、职务或由人构成的单位。
(3)in/under the charge of＝in/under sb.’s charge意为“在……的掌管之下”，主语一般是物，并含有被动意义。
例句探源
①Mary was in charge of the baby.
玛丽负责照顾这个婴儿。
②(朗文P318)Soldiers under Bensen’s Charge say he was a harsh but fair commander.
本森手下的士兵认为他是一位严厉而公正的指挥官。
③(牛津P319)He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
17．完成句子
(1)这个部门的负责人来自澳大利亚。
The person ________ ________ ________ the department is from Australia.
答案：in charge of
(2)这个车间是由一个叫杰克逊的年轻人掌管的。
The workshop is ________ ________ ________ ________ a young fellow called Jackson.
答案：in the charge of
(3)你什么时候接管这家公司的？
When did you ________ ________ ________ the company?
答案：take charge of
句型解析
1【教材原句】 However，police found that Justin did in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p．m..(P2)
然而，警方发现贾斯汀确实在周五夜里大约11点钟返回过家中。
【句法分析】 “do/does/did＋动词原形”用于肯定陈述句中，加强语气。
【温馨提示】 (1)这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
(2)只对肯定句的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。
(3)do/does/did在句中要重读。
(4)在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时也表达更加客气的语气。
18．Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they ________ faster than in the 1920s.
A．were moving B．did move
C．had moved D．would move
解析：选B。考查强调句。句意：在20世纪30年代汽车行驶得非常慢，但是他们确实比20世纪20年代行驶得快多了。do/does/did＋动词原形，是强调的一种形式，根据句子的时态改变助动词的形式。在本句中由时间状语in the 1920s可知应用一般过去时。
★19.The little girl is generally healthy，but every now and then she ________ a cold.
A．has caught B．is catching
C．will catch D．does catch
解析：选D。does是助动词，用于肯定句中，对谓语动词catch加以强调。句意为：这小女孩总的来说很健康，但偶尔的确会感冒。选项A、B、C表示的三种时态均不合题意。
2【教材原句】 Standing inside were lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes.(P3)
(飞船里)站着很多白皮肤的、奇形怪状的、眼睛又大又黑的生物。
【句法分析】 这是一个倒装句，主语是lots of whiteMskinned，strangeMlooking creatures with large black eyes。因为creatures是复数形式，所以动词用复数形式的were。因为主语较长，句子倒装避免了头重脚轻。
20．(2009年高考江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.
A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
解析：选C。考查倒装语序。从题意可知，说话人是在介绍嘉宾，因此应该使用现在进行时，表示出席50周年校庆仪式的有……因为主语较长，因此把Attending the ceremony提到前面以保持句子结构的平衡。
21．(2010年重庆模拟)Eventually they arrived at a cave，________.
A．in front of that there stood a strange tree
B．in front of which stood a strange tree
C．in front of that stood a strange tree
D．in front of where there stood a strange tree
解析：选B。考查倒装句。in front of which stood a strange tree是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰cave。
语法指导
复合句
◆什么是复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，主句表达的是重要信息，从句起到补充修饰的作用。一个组织严密的复合句通常在包含大量信息的同时，还要正确地反映信息间的逻辑关系。
【佳句选粹】
①There is a rumor that he has married a widow.
【分析】 本句属于复合句，由“主句＋同位语从句”构成。“he has married a widow”作为“rumor” 的同位语，由that引导构成了同位语从句。
②Let’s meet tomorrow if it is convenient for you.
【分析】 本句属于复合句，由“主句＋条件状语从句”构成。“Let’s meet tomorrow”是主句，“if it is convenient for you”是由if引导的条件状语从句。
◆主要从句类型
英语中的从句有很多类型，因此除了准确判断句子之间的主从关系以外，还要熟悉和掌握各种不同类型的从句。
1．名词性从句：它在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
【佳句选粹】
①How it all happened is a mystery to me.
这一切是怎样发生的对我来说是个谜。(主语)
②I wonder if you could stay for another day.
不知你可否再待一天。(宾语)
③The question is whether they have signed a contract.
问题是他们签没签合同。(表语)
④The idea that money means everything is unsound.
金钱万能的思想是错误的。(同位语)
2．定语从句：多由关系代词或关系副词引导。
【佳句选粹】
①Jim introduced me to a girl who sat next to him.
吉姆把我介绍给他旁边的一位姑娘。
②Then I telephoned the doctor (whom)she had recommended.然后我给她推荐的医生打了电话。
③There are the reasons why we did it.
这些就是我们这样做的原因。
3．状语从句：用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。
【佳句选粹】
①We all stood up when he came in.
他进来时我们都站了起来。(时间)
②I didn’t go because I wasn’t feeling well.
我没有去是因为我身体不舒服。(原因)
③It was so dark
that we couldn’t see each other’s faces.
天那样黑，我们看不清彼此的脸。(结果)
④Though they were poor，they were still happy.
他们虽然很穷，但仍然很幸福。(让步)
⑤Just as the water is the most important of liquids，air is the most important of gases.
正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。(方式)
⑥You’ll do all right，as long as you follow his advice.
只要你听从他的劝告，你就会干得很好。(条件)
⑦The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.
导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。(比较)