科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit3.doc
标题 Australia
章节 第三单元
关键词 高三英语第三单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元第10和11课是说明文。建议教师利用地图或地球仪引导学生用英语讨论澳大利亚的地理位置、气候特点、动植物种类等；发动学生收集有关澳大利亚的各种图片并组织学生对图片分类，指导持图片的学生在课堂上作中心发言，其他人补充的方式，师生一起就澳大利亚的历史、文化、风俗等进行讨论。
这样做的好处：1)充分地调动了学生的学习积极性和主动性；2)有效地发挥了以教师为主导学生为主体的作用；3)每个学生都能在教师的指导下得到不同层次的训练，使得学习内容落到实处。
【指点迷津】
a)单词和词组：
*fix v.make firm of fast; faster sth. So that is cannot be moved使固定，装配，安装，确定，常用于fix one’s eyes/ attention on注视：用于“修理”是非正式用语，多用于口语或美国英语中，用来表示带有安装固定性质的修理，不用于服装的修补。
The desk was fixed to the floor.
那张书桌固定在地板上。
Let’s fix (up) a date and place for the meeting.
咱们把会议的时间和地点确定下来吧。
You should fixed the lesson in your mind.
你应该把这课书好好记住。
They fixed up a bamboo bed me in the front room.
它们在房间前给我搭了张竹床。
[注意]
当“修理”讲常用repair和mend，但是在用法上又有所不同。
repair一般用于修理较为复杂的物品，偶尔也用于衣鞋。他可搭配repair bridges/cars/houses/machines/roads/watches/shoes
他还可作，名词常用复数do under be in / out of repair
mend
I’ll have to have the hole in the roof mended.
我得找个人来修补屋顶上的洞。
Mother mended the tear in my shirt.
妈妈给我补好了衬衫上扯破的地方。
They have mended the windows and it shuts properly now.
他们已把窗修好了，现在开关自如。
*rather than是……而不……；倒不如说；表示选择，常用于“平行结构”，前后的结构必须相同。如；
The colour seems green rather than blue. (形容词)
Shall we go far a walk rather than watch TV ? (动词)
I would prefer to start in August father than in July. (介词短语)
I ought to be you rather than me that signs the letter. (代词)
[注意]rather单独使用时个程度副词。与fairly同义。rather通常修饰冷色调或否定意义的词，fairly则多修饰表示暖色调或肯定意义的词。rather可用语比较级和too之前，而fairly则不能。如：
It’s rather cold today.
It’s fairly warm today.
I did rather better this time.
rather than常与would连用。would rather do than do如：Would you rather go home go with me ? would rather也可以接从句，从句的谓语用过去式表示现在或将来要做的事，谈到过去的行为用过去完成时。如：
I would rather you went there with me.
I would rather you had gone just now.
[比较]prefer实义动词；prefer to do (rather)than do; prefer to …; prefer to do; prefer something; prefer sb. to do sth. prefer that
He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.
I prefer walking to cycling.
I should prefer to wait until evening.
Which would you prefer, tea or coffee ?
I prefer my meat well done.
I should prefer you to start early.
He prefer that nothing should be said about his good deeds.
以上单词和词组可通过听对话和课文录音，以及在教师介绍过程中呈现，然后用问答讨论课文内容等方式再现以上单词和词组加深理解词义，掌握用法，最后用句型转换或补全句子等方法巩固，开发运用。
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
本单元应掌握的难点知识：
⒈分词作定语
They invented different kinds of fishing nets, also a curiously shaped piece of wood for hunting which… (page 14)
他们发明了各种各样的渔网，还发明了一种用木头制成的形状奇特的捕猎器，……
在”a curiously shaped piece of wood”中的”shaped”是以动词”shape (vt.使成……形状)”的过去分词作定语。
分词作定语是一种重要的用法。在各种测试中常要求被测试者准确选用是现在分词还是过去分词。为此必须理解分词与被修饰的名词的语法关系。一般说来，当分词与被修饰的名词是主谓关系时用现在分词；当分词与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时用过去分词。如：the falling leaves (=the leaves that are falling);the surprising news (=the news that are surprising); the broken glass (=the glass that is broken); shaped piece of wood (=the piece of wood that is curiously shaped).
[注意]不及物动词的过去分词也可以作定语，表示完成或状态。如：the fallen leaves (=the leaves that are fallen)
⒉熟记表示倍数的句型: be…times as +adj./adv. (形容词或副词)+as…
be…times + adj./adv.(形容词或副词)+than…
be…times + the size of…
The newly-built reading-room is four times as big as the old one.
新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的四倍。
The newly-built reading-room is three times bigger than the old one.
新建的阅览室比旧阅览室大三倍。
The newly-built reading-room is four times the size of the old one.
新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的四倍。
【妙文赏析】
Kangaroos lives only in Australia and on the islands near it. Not many people knew they were there until about 200 years ago. At that time, Captain Cook sailed to Australia from England.
He and his men had traveled halfway around the world. They needed food
for the long trip home. Captain Cook sent a few sailors ashore to get food.
When the sailor returned, they brought with them a big grey animal. The men’s eyes were being opened wide.
“Look at his tail,” said one, “It must be four feet long!”
“What’s the animal called?” asked the captain.
“We tried to get the people to tell us,” answered a sailor, “They kept saying ’Kangaroo’. They wouldn’t say anything else.”
“Kangaroo,” said Captain Cook, “That’s a good name. It sounds as queer as he looks. Captain Cook carefully noted this word in his word book.”
The missionaries(传教士) who later came to Australia were anxious to see a kangaroo but their questions were met with puzzled looks. They soon discovered that the native who answered Cook’s question was really saying, “I don’t know what you’re pointing at.” This is how the word “Kangaroo” has come into use.
【思维体操】
非谓语动词作宾语补语时的混淆，出在感观动词与使役动词后接不定式与现在分词的差别，现在分词与过去分词的差别。除此之外，其外动词的用法都是固定的。
⒈在感观动词与使役动词后接不定式，表示强调动作本身已经发生，它指动作的全过程，因而表明该动作已结束。
⒉现在分词表明动作的情景，即动作正在进行，在使役动词后还含有让动作得以延续之意。
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1)When I went into the hall, I found a group of children _____(run) upstairs.
2)Every morning, Granny Wang will see her granddaughter _____(go) downstairs and then came back with her house work.
3)Tom said that he found some trees by the roadside _____(cut) down and the fallen trees ______(lie) on the ground.
4)─Did you hear someone _____(knock) at the door?
─Yes, I did. I heard him ______(knock) several times.
5)─Don’t worry, boy. We’ll soon have you _____(walk) again.
─Thank you.
参考答案：
1)running; 2)go; 3)cut, lying; 4)knocking, knock; 5)walking
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
非谓语动词（不定式、分词）作宾语补语小结。
非谓语动词作宾语补语（在被动语态中，是主语的补语）主要体现在一些动词或短语的用法上，因此必须熟记这些词。一般说来，这样的动词有三类：
⒈以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, beg, tell, order, force(drive),require,allow,permit,forbid,like,get,cause,encourage,expect,want,invite,sign,wave,love,prefer,teach,prepare,train,help(补语也可不带to),dare, cause, set(使),warn,还有词组,wait for, call on(号召),depend on, 而choose, find, know, consider一般可以用to be作宾语补语。如：
*He dared me to jump across the stream.
他用激将法要我跳过那条小溪。
*I’ll prepare her to face the difficulty.
我要让他做好准备去面对困难。
*In this way, you will be able to train them(to) read faster.
用这种方法你能训练他们阅读得更快。
*He is considered to be an honest boy.
人们认为他是一个城市的孩子。
⒉以不带to的不定式（被动语态时，要带to）和分词作宾语补语的动词是表示感觉的动词和使役动词。它们是feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch和have, let, make。这些词中，let只有用不定式作宾语补语的用法，他一般不用被动语态。have也不用被动语态。make没有用现在分词作宾语补语的用法。
*The boss made the workers work more than ten hours a day.
这个老板迫使工人们每天工作十多个小时。
*Don’t have children learn so many subjects before they go to school.
上学前，不要让孩子们学习太多的学科。
*Jack saw a stranger go into his house.
捷克看见一个陌生人进了他的家。
⒊除了感观动词和使役动词外，下列动词一般用现在分词作宾语补语：catch(发觉),dislike, find, get, keep(使得),leave(让), set(使), like, love。下列动词可以用过去分词作宾语补语：get, make, find, want, order, wish, leave.如：
*When camping in the mountain, we got the fire burning all the night.
在山上宿营时，我们让火彻夜燃烧。
*When she walked near to the door, Lily found the door locked.
当黎黎走近房门时，她发现门锁着。
注意：
1)不定式根据语境的需要可以有被动式或完成式。现在分词也有被动式，如：
*They ordered the fire to be put out at once.
他们要求立即将火扑灭。
*When she awoke, she found herself being looked after by a nurse.
醒来时，她发现自己还由一名护士照料着。
*The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说该书已被译成多种文字。
2)在被动语态中宾语补语变成主语补语，感观动词和使役动词后的不定式必须将加上。如：
*The boy was seen to enter that empty house.
有人看见那个孩子进了那间空房子。
*Birds are seldom heard to sing at night.
鸟很少听到在夜间叫。
3)英语中用带的不定式作宾语补语的动词大多表示允许、请求、命令、要求、爱好、厌恶以及表示智力的动词。但有几个动词却没有这种搭配。如：hope, find, demand, agree, suggest, lead(引导)。这些动词要牢记。
【动脑动手】
同步训练
I.单词拼写：
1.Most v____ have rivers running through them.
2.A modern city should have an advanced transport s_____.
3.The salty soup made me very t_____.
4.The man is s____ himself trying to lose weight.
5.They built a f____ around the yard to keep the dog in.
6.Tom and Jack are going (露营)_____ in the bush with their friends.
7.Old John was (经验)_____ at finding underground springs.
8.Some metals have to be (进口)_____ from abroad.
9.Every person needs water and a diet of (健康)_____ foods.
10.Lin Fang was invited to an (澳大利亚)_____ home yesterday. 1.______
2.______
3.______
4.______
5.______
6.______
7.______
8.______
9.______
10.______
II.单项选择：
A)同步训练：
11.He asked his mother to _____ the hole in the pocket of his jacket.
A. fix B. mend C. repair D. fix up
12.He _____ his homework and then went home.
A. handed in B. handed down
C. handed out D. handed back
13.Which is wrong?
A. He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
B. He prefers to listen to others than talk himself.
C. He likes listening to others much better than talking himself.
D. He prefers listening to others to talk himself.
14.Which doesn’t mean the same as the others?
A. Line A is three times as long as Line B.
B. Line A is three times the length of Line B.
C. Line A is three times longer than Line B.
D. Line A is twice longer than Line B.
15.Pigs will ____ just abut anything.
A. feed on B. feed in C. feed with D. feed to
16.The Second World War _____ in 1939.
A. took place B. happened C. occurred D. broke out
17.The coat and trousers ____ a suit. That is to say: A suit ___ of the coat and trousers.
A. make up, make up
B. are made up of, make up
C. are made up of, is made up of
D. make up, is make up of
18.In a severe winter many wild animals can _____ lack of food.
A. die in B. die from C. die of D. die for
19.Which is wrong of the following?
A. More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
B. More than two-third of the earth’s surface are covered by water.
C. About 80 percent of our population are peasants.
D. About five-fourths of our population are peasants.
20.Which is wrong of the following?
A. He didn’t study hard and thus he failed his test.
B. He didn’t study hard, so he failed his test.
C. He failed his test and because he didn’t study hard.
D. He didn’t study hard and therefore he failed this test.
B)语法训练
21.Mr Smith usually says that _____ is learning.
A. teacher B. teaching
C. to teach D. being teaching
22.It’s no use _____ a lot without doing anything.
A. to talk B. to say C. talking D. speaking
23.─What has made you so upset?
─_____ three tickets for tonight’s football game.
A. Lost B. Losing
C. Because of losing D. Because I lost
24.Do you consider it any good _____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried
25._____ pity on the snake led to his own death.
A. The old man’s taking B. The old man taking
C. The old man took D. The old man taken
26.We have heard of _____ something for the village.
A. your having done B. you’re having done
C. yours having done D. your doing
27.My father’s great pleasure is ______.
A. to fish B. fishing C. to be fishing D. being fishing
28.The shy girl doesn’t like _____ in public.
A. praising B. to be praised
C. being praised D. to praise
29.─Did you close the door when you left?
─Yes, I remember _____ it, for it remains _____.
A. to close, closed B. closing, locking
C. to close, to be locked D. closing, locked
30.Jenny regretted _____ the lecture given by Prof.Miller.
A. to miss B. missing C. being missed D. to be missed
III.完型填空
Some boys join the Navy when they are quite young and often given a course of training as soldiers. It is a long course. During it, the boys study things like maths and science as well as to 31 guns and to do other 32 things.
One of the important things they are 33 is, of course, how to swim. In the old days, many soldiers 34 swim. But now it is rare to find one that can not.
In one school for 35 , the swimming director was very good. He had never failed to teach one to swim 36 the time the course ended. One year, however, 37 was one particular boy who seemed unable to swim. The director 38 giving him extra lessons, but he had 39 success. In the end, as the time drew 40 for the course to end, he had to admit defeat.
31.A. keep B. fire C. make D. carry
32.A. valuable B. special C. constant D. practical
33.A. learned B. studied C. done D. taught
34.A. should B. wouldn’t C. couldn’t D. did
35.A. soldiers B. boys C. swimmers D. officers
36.A. in B. for C. by D. at
37.A. this B. that C. these D. it
38.A. tired B. managed C. succeeded D. planed
39.A. some B. little C. any D. none
40.A. close B. around C. through D. near
IV.短文改错
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41._______
42._______
43._______
44._______
45._______
46._______
47._______
48._______
49._______
50._______
【创新园地】
单词拼写：
1.Large q____ of coal are needed to produce electricity every year.
2.─What p____ you from going to the concert last night?
─Losing my ticket.
3.Newspapers and TV sets can keep people in t____ with the word.
4.─Can I help you ?
─I’d like to have this package w____ .
5.The computer is one of the most important I ____ in many years.
6.The entrance examination is coming soon, we’ll have to be p___ for it.
7.Old John lived t____ World War Two, but he was very weak.
8.─What a naughty boy! I can hardly find a way to deal with him.
─It will take you much p____ to help him.
9.Cakes and milk are usually s_____ for breakfast in the kindergarten.
10.Mrs.White was o_____ to those who had helped her and her children when they were in trouble.
答案：
1.valleys; 2.system; 3.thirsty; 4.starving; 5.fence; 6.camping; 7.experienced; 8.imported; 9.healthy; 10.Australian;
11-15BADDA 16-20DDBBC 21-25BCBCA
26-30ABCDB 31-35BDDCA 36-40CCABD
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia family. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41. time
42.Australian
43.of
44.drive
45.their
46.
47.had
48.were
49.questions
50. in
【创新园地答案】
1.quantities; 2.prevented; 3.touch; 4.weighed; 5.inventions;
6.prepared; 7.through; 8.patience; 9.served; 10.obliged