Unit 8 First aid
Teaching Goals
1. Talk about first aid and medicine.
2. Practice talking about what you should and should not do.
3. Learn to use the Subjunctive Mood (2).
4. Write a process paragraph.
Teaching times: Periods
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master some useful words and phrases.
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Words Study
1. drown vi.﹠vt.
e.g. Do cats drown easily? (drown: die in water)
Cheers drowned his voice. (drown: sound be louder or stronger than… )
2. catch fire: begin to burn
be on fire: be burning
e.g. The house caught fire last night.
The house is on fire.
注：catch fire 强调着火的动作，为瞬间动词词组，不可和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，无被动形式；be on fire 表静态，作表语或定语，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
Ex: The forest caught fire last week. It is still on fire.
复习：1). set fire to sth./ set sth. on fire
e.g. The robbers set fire to the bank after robbing.
2). play with fire
3). go through fire and water (for) 为…赴汤蹈火
4). be on fire for 对…充满热情
5). fire n. v. 着火，开枪，开除 (dismiss )
firework 烟火，烟火晚会 fireplace 火炉 fireman/fire fighter 消防员 fire escape 太平梯
3. container n. 容器 contain vt.包含，容纳 containment n. 包含
contain / include
e.g. The book contains 10 units.
The book doesn’t include Unit 11.
Six were killed, including the boy. (连那小孩在内六人丧生。)
2. electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的 (of/ concerned with electricity)
electricity n.电流 electric adj. 发电的，使用电的 （using electrical power） electronic adj. 电子的
e.g. I want to buy an electric fan. （可不讲）
This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障。
5. upside n.上边，上部 downside right side left side
upside-down adj/adv
1). 上下翻转过来
e.g. hold a book upside-down 倒拿着书
2). <口>乱七八糟的，毫无条理的
e.g. He has an upside-down way of doing things. 他做事毫无条理。
Burglars had turned the house upside-down.. 窃贼把房子翻得乱七八糟。
6. witness
1). V. e.g. We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.
我们亲眼目睹了本世纪最重要的科学进展。（目睹）
The girl witnessed to the truth of the statement. witness to sth.
那女孩证明那些言语属实。（作证）
2). N. e.g. I was a witness to their quarrel. (目击者)
The witness was questioned again and again. (证人)
7. keep in mind
keep/ bear/ have sth in mind: remember sth
e.g. She doesn’t seem to keep the matter in mind.
相关短语：
change one’s mind
e.g. Nothing will make me change my mind.
make up one’s mind
e.g. I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor.
keep in touch with
e.g. I keep in touch with my friend by internet.
keep in with 和…保持友谊
e.g. She still keeps in with her former husband.
8. calm calmly adv. calmness n.
1). adj.
e.g. It is important to keep/ stay calm in an emergency.
2). n.
e.g. the calm before the storm
3). v. calm sb. (down)
e.g. Just calm down a bit! 你先静一静。
Have a brandy(白兰地)---- it’ll help to calm you down.
9. panic panicky adj.
1). n. e.g. I got into a panic when I found the door was locked.
2). v. (panicked, panicked) e.g. The gunfire panicked the horse.
10. response n. respond v. respondent n. (law) 被告，（尤指离婚案件） 注：responsibility
e.g. She made no response. 她没有回答。
Her cries for help met with no/some/litter… response. 她那求救的呼声没有激起任何/激起一些/没有激起什么…反映。
11. conscious adj. consciously adv. consciousness n. 知觉
e.g. She spoke to us in her conscious moments. Conscious: 清醒
He was conscious of being watched/ that he is being watched. (be conscious of sth./ that…) 察觉的
他察觉有人在监视他。
I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him. Conscious: 蓄意的
我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。
Try to make the workers more politically conscious. Conscious: 对所提到的事物具有深刻的认识兴趣
努力提高工人的政治觉悟。
12. tip v.
1). tip n. 尖端，小部分，小物件 v. 给某物装上尖头，置于某物顶端
(have sth.) on the tip of one’s tongue
the tip of the iceberg 重要情况，重大问题等显露出的小部分
e.g. His name is on t he tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think of.
The legs of the table were tipped with rubber. 桌子腿装上了橡皮头。
2). tip v. (tipped tipped)
e.g. Don’t lean on the table or it’ll tip up.
Tip the box up and empty it. 把盒子翻过来倒空。
Careful! You’ll tip the boat over. 把船弄翻了。
No rubbish to be tipped here. / No tipping. 禁止倒垃圾。
tip n. 垃圾弃置场
e.g. Their house is an absolute tip. 他们家简直是个垃圾堆。
3). tip v.
e.g. She just tipped the ball over the net. Tip: 轻拍/打/敲
He tip the driver 5 Yuan. Tip: 给…小费
She’s been tipped for promotion. 有人认为她最可能得到提升。Tip: 可能成功
Someone tipped off the police about the robbery. Tip: 事先给某人警告或暗示
tip n.
e.g. He left a tip under his plate. Tip: 小费
The teacher gives students some tips about how to study English. Tip: 有用的小建议
13. circulate v.
circulation n. 流传，传播（不可数）；发行额，销售量（可数）；血液循环（可数或不可数）
e.g. have (a) good/ bad circulation
14. pulse plus prep. 加上
15. wound/ injure/ hurt
1). Wound 指外界暴力引起身体“创伤”，尤指刀伤，枪伤， 剑伤；而injure/ hurt指意外事故受伤。
2). 身体内部受伤不能用wound 只能用hurt/ injure
3). E.g. My left foot hurt. 我左脚痛。
I saw an injured/ a wounded man. 我看见一个受伤的人。
hurt 可以做不及物动词，表示“疼痛”；injured/ wounded 可作表语或定语，hurt只能作表语
16. roll over 不及物动词词组
e.g. The car was out of control and rolled over down to the river.
The years roll on.岁月流逝。
Roll the ball to me.把球滚给我。
其他词组：get…rolling…使…取得进展；keep the ball to rolling 使保持活跃；
roll in 大量涌来；start the ball rolling 使活跃起来
17. sudden adj. suddenly adv.
e.g. They heard a sudden cry and wondered what was the matter.
他们听到突如其来的叫喊声，不知道出了什么事。
all of a sudden 突然，冷不防 sudden death 暴死
18. in honor of(= in sb’s /sth’s honor) : out of respect for ab/sth
e.g. This is a ceremony in honor of these killed in battle.
这是为纪念阵亡战士而举行的仪式。
相关短语： an honor to sb./sth. 给…增光的人/事
e.g. Liu Xiang is an honor to China.
in…of: in praise of赞美；in need of需要；in place of 代替；in case of 万一；in front of在…(内部)前面；in the front of在…(外部)前面；in favor of 支持
19. tap
tap n. tap v. 从…中放出液体
e.g. Don’t leave the taps running.
He taps off some cider. 他倒了些苹果酒。
tap n. 轻快的敲击声 tap v. （tapped, tapped）轻拍某人/物
e.g. They heard a tap at the door.
He tapped the box with a stick. tap sth./ sb. with sth./sb.
She is tapping her fingers on the table. tap sth. on sth.
Who’s that tapping at the window? tap sth. at sth.
20. in case/ in case of / in the case of
in case 以防万一，假如
e.g. In case it rains, we won’t be able to go there on foot. 假如下雨，我们就不能步行去那里。
（in case 引导条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时或是一般过去时表将来）
in case of 万一，要是 （可能性不大）
e.g. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，则按警铃。
in the case of 就…而言
e.g. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of him, the story is true.
我们把这类故事视为神话，但就他来说，这故事却是真实的。
注：in case of/ in the case of + n./ pron. 不接从句
in case + 从句
e.g. He left early in case he should miss the train.
In case of danger, you must be calm.
Step Ⅱ Homework
给出几种情况（drowning; traffic accident; burns; bleeding; cuts; choking; bites ），把学生分组抽签。把遇到以上情况该做的和不该做的写在小卡片上。
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The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Train the students’ listening ability.
2. Help the students to improve their speaking ability by talking about first aid and medicine.
3. Teach some useful tips about first aids.
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Warming up
1. Ask students the following questions.
1).Have you ever seen a traffic accident?
2).Have you ever seen a traffic accident?
3).Do you know anybody bitten by a poisonous snake?
4).What did you do when it happened?
5).What do the six pictures in the book tell us?
(根据实际情况进行深入讨论)
2. Ask the groups of students to give their tips on the six situations. Then ask the rest of them to judge their doings.
3. Ask Ss “What could we do to prevent these accidents?”
Always be careful; prepare well before do it. (Answers : Teacher’s book Page 169)
Step ⅡListening
Ask Ss to see the picture at first and then guess what happened on these two pictures.
Play the tape for four times:
1.Just listen; 2. Do Ex.1; 3. Do Ex.2; 4. Do Ex.3;
Step Ⅲ Speaking
T: No place is safe at all, even in our home. Do you know:
1). What accidents often happen at home?
2). What should we do be safe at home?
3). What we shouldn’t do?
Step Ⅳ Homework: Ask Ss to make a dialogue, using the useful expressions. (just choose one situation)
Language points:
1. aid/ help/ assistance
aid: 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
help: 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，墙角受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance: 多指个人给予道义，知识，物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
e.g. We help/aid each other and learn from each other.
When all assist, the job can be done quickly.如果大家都帮忙，这项工作很快就能完成。
2. make sure: find out whether sth. is definitely so.
1). make sure of sth./ doing sth.
e.g. You’d better make sure of the time and place.
Can you make sure of success? 你能确保成功吗？
2). make sure that
e.g. Before you leave the lab, make sure that the door is locked.
3. reach 够得着
e.g. The apple is too high. I can’t reach it.
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The Third-Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Improve the Ss’ reading ability.
2. Let the Ss know more about first aid.
3. Help the Ss to master the new words and expressions.
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Lead-in & Pre-reading
T: Yesterday we have learn something about first aid. Now, if you have been asked to write an article about first aid, would you write an outline before writing? See, it’s really a good way to help you with your essay writing. There are three outlines. Choose the one which you’ll use and tell us why.
Step Ⅱ Reading
1. Go through the text quickly and find out which outline is used in the passage.
2. Then, ask Ss to look at the pictures in Post-reading. Match each picture with sentences in the text.
3. Then, explain the text sentence by sentence.
Step Ⅲ Homework: 分小组，模拟急救现场，并配音讲解，学完课文后表演
Language points:
1. as if/ though
1)引导的从句如果是事实过可能性大，多用陈述语气。常于look, seem, taste, smell, sound,ect.搭配
e.g. It looks as if it is going to rain.
It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
2)从句如果是主观想象或夸大比喻，与事实不合，常用虚拟语气。
e.g. He looks as if he were ill.（其实没病）
He walks as if he were drunk. 他走路的样子象喝醉了。
Ex:
He is a happy-go-luck(无忧无虑的) man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.
The young man with long hair looks as if he were a woman.
2. 情态动词后跟上完成形式的意义和用法。
1). could have done
e.g. We could have helped that boy, even we were busy. 那天，即使我们很忙，我们本来也可以帮助那个男孩的。（本可以做，但事实没有做）
He could have told his girl friend the secret. But I’m not very sure. 他或许已经把这个秘密告诉他的女朋友了，不过我也并不确定。（或许已经做过，表示对过去某事的推测）
2). must have done 一定已经做过(表示对过去某事较有把握的推测)
e.g. They must have stayed up late night-all of them looks sleepy.
他们昨天晚上肯定熬得很晚了，他们看起来全都非常疲倦。
3). should have done/ ought to have done 本应该做(却没做，表达一种强烈的遗憾，责备之意)
e.g. They should have handed in their homework yesterday.
昨天他们本该把家庭作业交上去的。
4). needn’t have done 本不应该（但事实上已经做了）
e.g. You needn’t have copied the exercise book. I have one more and I can give it to you.
你其实不必抄那本练习册，我还有一本可以给你。
3. witness
e.g. These facts are a witness to his careless. 这些事实证明了他的粗心。（n.证明，证人，目击者）
She witnessed the accident. 她亲眼看见该事故。（v.目击，为…作证，成为证据）
4. wish
wish + that从句,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气（动词用过去时，或过去完成时）
e.g. I wish that I knew the answer. 我希望我知道这个答案。
I wish I had bought it yesterday. 我希望昨天买了它。
其他接宾语从句用虚拟语气的词有：suggest/ advise/ propose/ insist/ decide/ order/ request/ demand/ desire/ ask, 其谓语动词用 （should）+动词原形
e.g. I suggest that we should start the meeting at once.
He insist that all of us should be there on time.
5. accident/ incident/ ever
1). accident 指意外或偶然发生的事故，特别是不幸的，有损害性的事故。
e.g. He was killed in a traffic accident.
注：accident为可数名词，前面可加不定冠词an,表示“一个”“一次”，习惯用语by accident为“偶然”，相当于by chance.
e.g. I met her in the street by accident, yet she had a bad accident three days ago.
我在大街上偶尔碰见过她，然而三天前她却遭遇了一场严重的事故。
2). incident 泛指不重要的事件，还可以指政治上有影响的重大事件。
e.g. I remember an incident that took place in Mr. Li’s class.我记得发生在李先生课上的一件事。
The Lugouqiao Incident broke out in July 7th, 1937. 1937年7月7日爆发了卢沟桥事变。
3). event 指重要事件，特别是有历史意义的重大事件
e.g. How to develop the western part of China well is an important event.如何开发好中国的西部是一项重要的活动。
6. count
e.g. You really count with me. 对我来说你确实很重要。(count: 有重要性的)
Try to count to ten before you lose your temper. (count: 数数)
I count Tracy and Lucy among my closest friends. 我把。。和。。算作我最亲密的朋友。（把…计算在内）
7. deal with
e.g. You dealt with that situation very cleverly. 你很巧妙地处理了那个艰难的局面。（处理，料理；attend to, manage sth.）
The next chapter deals with verbs.下一章讨论动词。（讨论,涉及到；take or have sth. as a subject, discuss sth.）
I hate dealing with large impersonal companies.我讨厌和那些没有人情味的大公司打交道。（与…打交道，与做生意；have social, business etc. relations with…）
另：deal with ab.: behave towards ab. 对付，对待
e.g. They try to deal politely with angry customers. 他们尽量对发怒的顾客彬彬有礼。
注：do with/ deal with/ get rid of
get rid of 表示“处理”，侧重“消灭”“摆脱或清除”；deal with和do with 侧重“处理”的手段，方法或方式。do后可接宾语，deal后不接宾语；do with常与what连用；deal with常与how连用。
e.g. If they are not coming, we can get rid of the tickets.如果他们不来了，我们可以把票处理掉。
How do you deal with matters of this sort？你是怎么处理这类事情的？
What did you do with the broken car? 你怎么处理那辆坏了的车的？
8. to stay calm
1). to stay calm 在句中用作表语。Stay作为连系动词用，意思是维持某状态。Stay用作连系动词时，后面要跟形容词，构成系表结构。
e.g. He decided to stay single for the rest of his life after his wife was killed in a car accident.
他妻子出车祸去世后，他决定不再婚。
The weather will stay fine for another two or three day.
接下来两三天天气会继续保持晴朗。
相关词组：stay (at) home; stay away from 避开；stay behind 留下不走；stay for/to 留下（吃饭）
stay in留在家里(不出去)，留在学校不回家(作为一种惩罚)；stay on 继续呆下去；stay out在外面不回来；stay up不睡觉，没有倒塌（下沉）
2). calm adj. 镇静的；v. 使镇静，使沉着
a. 作adj,
calm/ quiet/ silent/ still 表示“静”的区别：
quiet 寂静的，安静的。强调外在的安静，无吵闹，噪音。
silent 安静，侧重没有人声的，沉默的
calm 既可指人有可指外界环境，既可指内在的也可指外在的
still 不动的，强调无动作，无姿势的改变。
b. 作v.
e.g. Just calm down a bit and everything will be all right. 沉着点，以前都会好起来的。
类似的形容词转化动词的还有：
形容词 动词
clean 清洁的 使清洁
clear 干净的 清除
dirty 肮脏的 弄脏
dry 干燥的 使干燥
empty 空的 倒空
free 自由的 使自由
slow 慢的 放慢
warm 暖和的 使缓和
9. on the way& in the way
in the way 障碍（阻止你到想去的地方的人或物）；on the way 在途中
e.g. Please don't stand in the kitchen door-you’re in the way. 你挡了我的路。
Let’s not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。
其他词组：by the way顺便提一下；on the (one’s) way to 去…的路上；in this (that) way这样（那样）；by way of 途径；in a (one) way在某种程度上
10. answer/ reply/ respond
answer 指以口头，书面或其他方式回答或反应
reply 正式用词，多表示经过考虑，一一答复所提的问题或论点
respond 正式用词，表示“回答”用得较少，多指对外界刺激迅速而自然地作出反应
11.press n.压，按，印刷，压力，新闻；vt & vi 压，压榨，逼迫，拥挤，受压
e.g. He press the doorbell.
Just press this button, and you’ll start the engine.
The University Press 大学出版社
12. enough 可作adj./ n./ adv. Enough has been said.已经说得够多了。N.
e.g. There is enough food for ten people.
= There is food enough for ten people. 做adj时，可放在被修饰名词前面或后面
Are you warm enough? 做adv,放在被修饰形容词，副词或动词只后。
13. manage to do =succeed in doing e.g. How did you manage to get all this? 所有这一切你是怎么得到的？
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The Fifth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Review the learnt sentence structure in the Subjective Mood.
2. Sum up the cases in which we should use the Subjunctive Mood.
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Check the answer of word study.
Step Ⅱ Grammar
1.基本用法：
1). 与现在事实相反
句型：If +主+V-ed/ were, 主+ would/ should/ could/ might + V.
e.g. If I were you, I should (would / could/ might) tell him the truth.
如果我是你，我就会（可能）对他说实话。
If he had time, he would (could/ might) go with you.
如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
2). 与过去事实相反
句型：If +主+ had + P.P., 主+ would/ should/ could/ might + have P.P.
e.g. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t (couldn’t ) have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你就不会（可能）考试不及格。
She would(could/ might ) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.
3). 与将来事实相反
句型：If +主+ should/ were to + V, 住+would/ could/ should/ might+ v.
e.g. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would/ could/ might) go to see my grandmother.
If it should rain, the crops would (could/ might) be saved. 如果下雨，庄稼就一定有救。
2. wish 引导宾语从句中的虚拟语气
句型： 主+ wished + (that) + 主+ v-ed/ were (与现在相反)
主+ wished + (that) + 主 + had +P.P. 与过去相反
+ would/ could +have + P.P.
主+ wished + (that) + 主+ would/ could + v. (与将来相反)
3. as if/ though 引导的从句时，表示一般情况用陈述句，
句型：主+ v. + as if/ though + 主+ v-ed/ were (与现在相反)
主+ v. + as if/ though + 主 + had +P.P. 与过去相反
+ would/ could +have + P.P.
主+ v. + as if/ though + 主+ would/ could + v. (与将来相反)
e.g. It looks as if it is going to snow.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun were circling round the earth.
4. would rather 的虚拟用法：
句型：1.) 主+ would rather + v. 表示现在或将来主观上的愿望与选择。
e.g. Marry would rather (not) have a fresh-tasting toothpaste.
2.) 主+ would rather (not)+ have + P.P. 表示过去宁愿做而没有做的事情。
e.g. The mayor (市长) would rather have handled that press conference last week.
3). 主+ would rather + v. + than 表示现在或将来某人自己“宁愿…，而不”
e.g. He would rather read than talk.
The kids would rather play outdoors than indoors.
She would rather join us in research work than go on holiday to seaside.
4). 主+ would rather + have + P.P. + than 表示过去某人自己“宁愿…, 而不”
e.g. The aged man would rather have participated in social service than amused himself by watching TV at home several years ago.
5). 主A+ would rather +主B + P.P./ were 从句一般为过去式，希望别人现在或将来做事
e.g. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment in the issue for the time being. (暂时)
6). 主A +would rather +主B+ had + P.P. 表示宁愿别人过去做sth.
e.g. David would rather that Jim had called at Chinese Economic and Trade Exhibitions yesterday.
5. 其他用虚拟语气的情况：
1). would as soon, would sooner, would prefer 表“希望或婉转的责备”要求用虚拟语气，谓语动词为过去式表示现在或将来情况，谓语动词为过去完成时表示过去情况
e.g. I would just prefer you had returned the book to him yesterday.
2). had better+ V.
3). otherwise, if only, suppose/ supposing 引导含蓄条件句表愿望，建议用虚拟语气
e.g. If only I knew how to operate the internet phone. 要是我知道怎么打网络电话就好了。
4). It is (high/ right/ about/ good) time + 从句用虚拟语气（是…的时候）
It is time for sb. to do sth.
It’s time we went to bed = It’s time for us to go to bed.
e.g. It’s high time you stopped idling about and started looking for a job. 闲逛
5). but for…（要不是…）& without … 用在句首，引导虚拟条件句，时态随句意改变
e.g. But for/ Without his uncle, the kid would have been drowned in the pool.
6). If it were not for… (要不是…) 与现在相反
If it had not been for… 与过去相反
e.g. If it were not for the fact that his father is on the board directors, he would never have a job.
If it had not been for your advice, I would have made a serious mistake.
7). but that + 从句（用虚拟语气）
e.g. I would go by steamer but that I’m a poor sailor. 要不是因为晕船，我就坐船去了。
8). as it is & as it were
as it is 用在句首“事实上，实际上，就目前的情况而言”
as it were 用在句尾“照现状，照原样”
e.g. Cao Yu is a sort of Chinese Shakespeare as it were.