2. 关于“exam”
take/have one's/an exam 进行考试 hold an exam 举行考试
pass an exam 通过考试 fail (in) the exam 考试失败,没通过考试
take part in an exam 参加考试 give (students ) an exam 考学生
3. more or less
a. 大约 It's an hour's journey, more or less
b.或多或少 Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and America.
4. 与 difficulty 相关的结构
① have some ( much, little, no...) difficulty/ trouble ( in ) doing sth.
② There is/was some ( much, little, no...) difficulty /trouble ( in ) doing sth.
③ It is/ was difficult for sb. to do sth. ④ have difficulty with sth.
He said he had some difficulty/difficulties with his English pronunciation.
5. different的相关句型
be different from 与...不同 be different in 在...方面不同
tell the difference between A and B
① The weather of North China is different ______ that of South China.
② Can you tell us the difference ________ Asian elephants and African elephants?
③ They are quite different ____ character.
7. come 短语
come about : happen How did this accident come about?
come across: a. meet by chance 偶然遇见某人或某物
b. occur to 出现于...中 The thought came across my mind that …
come after : 跟随,追踪 The farmer came after the dog with a stick.
come at : 攻击, 袭击 If any beast comes at you, I'll stay with you.
come back: 回来come out:
a. appear; become visible The sun / stars come(s) out.
b. become known (消息)传出, (真相) 大白 When the news came out...
c. be published 出版 When will his new book come out?
come up :
a. ( of seeds, plants, etc) show above the ground. Spring has come; everything comes up.
b. be put forward The question hasn't come up yet.
c. come up to sb. 走近某人 come to oneself :苏醒过来
come true:实现come on:过来；加油come into being:出现；诞生
① --- When did the company_____________? --- In 1993.
②_____________; I’ll tell you about it.
③ When I looked through the paper, I ________________his name in it.
④ He ________________ smiling to me.
⑤ We have sowed seeds in the fields, but nothing has _____________yet.
⑥ When will your book_____________?
8. 数量词的表达方式
a. a good / great many students; a good / great many of the students
many students ; many a student a great / large number of
millions of / hundreds of / thousands of dozens of / scores of
b. much; a great deal of; a large amount of
c. lots of / a lot of ; plenty of large quantities of / a large quantity of
9. bring in
bring up: a. ( educate ) b. ( raise ) c. ( throw up)
bring about: 带来 ( cause to happen ) bring on: 使...前进; 带来
The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. bring out: take out
① We have ___________ experts to advise on the project.
② This business ___________ 300 million dollars a year.
③ The war_________________ great changes in living.
④ They have ______________ their sons to stand on their own feet.
⑤ They decided to ________________ the matter at the next meeting.
11. in a few days’ time ; in a few days
His birthday is in a week's time/ in a week. His birthday is a week away.
in 与 after 的区别:
① He will be back ________ two days. ② He came back ________ two days.
③ He will be back _______ two o'clock. ④ He came back ________ two o'clock.
12. during / in / within
① In 和 during 都可以表示一段时间，在可以用 in 的地方，一般也可以用 during。但 during 更强调时间的延续性，在表示事态要延续一段时间的名词前，一般要用 during。如：during the meal。
② In 和 within 在表示时间的长度时，都有“不少于” “不超过”的意思，只是 within 显得更正式一些。
1. My uncle lives _______ ten minutes’ walk. The president will arrive ______ ten minutes.
2. We’ll be on holiday ___________ July. He was killed ___________ the war.
3. We made a lot of friends _________ our stay in Beijing.
14. Take 短语
take off 起跳; 起飞;除去,脱掉take away 拿去,移动take back
a. 撤销;收回(所说的话,以承认错误或道歉) I took back what I had said.
b. 同意拿回;取回 take down : a. write down写下,记b. 取下 c. 拆除,拆毁
take out: bring outtake on a. 开始从事 He took on a part-time teaching job in a
middle school. b. 雇用、招收 The factory is taking on more men.
c. 具有（呈现）新的面貌 The land around the lake took on a
different looktake over 接替、接管、继承
take up a. 提起、拿起 This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots.
b. 占去（时间、空间） That big clock will have to go; it takes up
too much room in the small hall. It can take up a whole afternoon to prepare a meal.
c. 开始从事（某项工作） I hope to take up my new duties as your
chairman at the next meeting.
d. 开始热衷于（某项活动） When did Jane first take up music?
e. 接受、采纳 I’d like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
take sb. / sth. by surprise 突然袭击、强攻take care 注意、当心
take care of 照顾、负责take charge of 负责take sth. for granted 视为当然
take it easy 放开些、别紧张take place 发生、举行take the place of 代替
take turns 轮流
19. 并列词 when 的用法
① be about to do … when... 正准备... 这时(突然)
② be doing … when... 正在做...这 时(突然)
③ be on the point of doing… when…④ had just done … when … 刚刚做
完…就…
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
I was about to go shopping when some friends dropped in on me.
I was going out when it began to rain.
I was walking in the street when I heard my name called.
14. bank / shore / coast / seaside / beach
bank 指河流或小溪边沿的陆地；shore指海边或湖边靠水的一窄条陆地；coast 指陆地与海面的交接地带；seaside指近海地区；beach指海滩。
1. We’re spending August at the __________.
2. My house is on the southern _________ of the river.
3. There are a lot of islands off the ________.4. The _______ was crowded with sunbathers.
5. The sailors were warned not to get into trouble while they were on _________.
23. say … to sb. say " Hi" /"Hello" to sb. (give one's regards to sb)
(remember sb. to sb.) say " Good-bye" to sb. say sorry to sb.
say yes to sb. say no to sb. 25.be made from / of / in; be made up of;
be made into; make...out of ; make up for
j The table ________________ wood. k Paper is made _____ wood; that is to
say, wood can be made _____ paper.
l A TV set ____________ hundreds of different parts.
m The machine _______________ this factory works well.
n We should do our best to _________ our lost time.
另外注意以下短语:
make ( good/full) use of; make the best / most of; ( = take advantage of )
make up one's mind
26. through / across
1. 从……通过、穿过 The sunlight was coming through the window.
2. 一直到 I go to work morning through night.
3. 经历、经受 He has been through a long illness.
4. 从一边到一边 We plan to travel through Europe this summer.
5. （进行到底） I’m counting on you to help me through.
1. Look around when you walk _______ the street. She drove straight ________ the town.
2. There is no bridge ________ the river. Water flows ____________ this pipe.
3. The river is 10 metres ___________1. 我们的工作条件多少有些改善。
2. 我们学校下学期将从外省引进一些新教师。3. 你找到那所房子有没有困难?
4. 通常对于一个孩子来说判断正误有些困难。5. 有时候很难说清争吵是怎样发生的。
6. 对不起,我不明白你的意思,请再说一遍好吗? 7. 当你在伦敦见到约翰时,请代我向他问好. 8. 因为恶劣天气的缘故,飞机没能按时起飞. 9. 我的一个朋友要出发去上海,明天我将去
车站送他。10. 我正准备离开,这时他来敲门了。11. 当他打开盒子时,除了一张纸外他什么也 没看见. 12. 台湾与大陆 ( the main land) 被台湾海峡 ( the Taiwan Straits) 隔开。