教学内容：Scientific achievement
Ⅰ．课前准备导读
一、学习目标
用已经掌握的词汇谈论有关科学成就，学习用英语表达的意图和愿望；了解一些构词法知识；掌握本单元所涉及的重要的生词和短语的用法。
二、语言点讲解
1．cloning[′kl nI ]n. [U] (biology) (any of a )group of organisms or plants produced asexually from one ancestor(生物) 无性繁殖系，克隆 eg:
In the world today some scientists are still working at cloning. 在当今世界上，有些科学家仍在致力于克隆的研究。
2．genetic engineering [d I′netIk end I′nI ri ] n. [U] science of genes; branch of biology dealing with the ways in which characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring 遗传学
3．which one do you think is the most important?你认为哪一个最重要？
do you think (believe, suppose, guess, imagine, say等动词)有时用于特殊疑问句中作插入语，这时do you think(believe…)要置于疑问词之后，其句型为：“疑问词+do you think(believe…)+主语+谓语？”如疑问词本身是主语，则句型为：“疑问句（主语）+do you think(believe…)+谓语？” eg:
Who do you think he is?你认为他是谁？
Where do you believe he has gone?你认为他去哪儿了？
Who do you think told me so?你认为谁告诉我那件事的？
What do you suppose has happened？你猜出什么事啦？
4．Do these achievements have anything in common?这些成就有共同之处吗？
（1）in common（团体）共同的，共有的
in common with 相当于 together with意为“……一起，与……一样”。
eg:In common with(=Like) many people he prefers meat to fish.
与许多人一样，他喜欢肉而不喜欢鱼。
（2）have … in common (with…) （与……）共有 eg:
They have nothing in common with one another. 他们彼此没有共同点。
三、课前准备针对性练习（19分，15分钟）
（一）单项选择（第小题1分，共9分）
1． get such a book?
A．Where do you think can I
B．Do you think where I can
C．Do you think where can I
D．Where do you think I can
2, Alexander Grahan Bell invented telephone in 1876．
A． /
B．a
C．the
D．one
3． The two have in common. They often quarrel with each other.
A．something
B．nothing
C．anything
D．everything
4． I’ve a super restaurant near here!
A．invented
B．found out
C．discovered
D．met
5． I saw an old woman who was dressed.
A．bad
B．poor
C．good
D．badly
6．-Tell me, Mike. What’s the of the American Civil War?
-It is because the black slaves wanted freedom.
A．effect
B．cause
C．result
D．importance
7． the development of information technology, we can get in touch with each other easily.
A．As
B．Because
C．Over
D．With
8． Do they anything in common?
A．show
B．keep
C．have
D．get
9． Real friends should have everything common.
A．on
B．with
C．by
D．in
（二）汉译英（每小题2分，共10分）
1． 爱因斯坦被认为是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
2． 相对论不容易理解。
3． 你们有共同之处吗？
4． 你认为哪个最重要呢？
5． 基因工程是生物学的一个重要分支。
Ⅱ．听力导读
一、语言点讲解
1． That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. 这是一个人的一小步，却是全人类的一大飞跃。
（1）giant[′d aI nt] ①adj. of great size or force巨大的 eg:
giant strength 巨大的力量 a cabbage of giant size 一棵巨大的洋白菜
②n. man of very great height and size 巨人 eg:
His son is a giant of 6 feet already. 他儿子已是6英尺高的大个儿了！
（2）leap [li p] n. [C] jump; sudden upward of forward movement 跳跃；
eg: a great leap forward 一大进步
2． eureka [j ′ri k ] int. (Greek=I have found it!) cry of triumph at making a discovery（希腊语）有所发现时得意的欢呼，意思为“我找到了！”。
3． What would you say if you were …？此句为与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟语气。意为“如果你要是……你会说什么？” eg:
What would you say if you were a leader?
如果你要是一名领导，你会怎样说呢？
I would fly to the moon if I had wings.
如果我长上翅膀的话，我就要飞到月球上去。
二、如何听的建议
在听力训练过程中，注意培养自己的预测能力。在每段录音未放之前，抓紧时间速读题干和选项并预测话题，即推测录音内容，以确定听的重点，使听音具有明确的方向性和选择性，从而提高答题准确率。做到先看后听，变被动为主动，这是英语听力测试中一种最基本、最实用，同时也是我们必须掌握的技巧之一。
如本单元听力部分题干中涉及到三位从事科学探索的著名人物，听力内容则应重点注意他们的 achievements。
Ⅲ．口语导读
一、语言点讲解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的队员正在从事艾滋病的治疗工作。
（1）work on “从事于（某项工作）”；“设法说服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night.
他们修这辆旧汽车一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts.
你们在干什么呀？我们正在创作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能说服他改变主意吗？
（2）work at “学习，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years.
他们研究这门科学好多年了。
（3）work out 作出；算出；设计出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 这道题算不出来。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。
2． extremely [Ik′stri mlI] adv. to a very high degree 极端地；极度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难和危险的工作。
extreme [Iks′tri m] adj. reaching the highest degree 极度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 极度的耐心/仁慈
in extreme pain 在极度痛苦中
3． cure [kj ] (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治疗；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六个月治疗。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治疗的药物；治疗法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?迄今对癌症有治疗方法吗？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 这药可以治好你的头痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你就痊愈了。
③（词组） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉坏习惯 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的工作。
（1）manned [m nd] adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飞船等）载人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft
从无人向载人飞船的发展
（2）man-made[′m n′meId] adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 这是个人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我们发射了多少颗人造卫星。
二、交际用语讲解
本单元学习表示打算和意图的交际用语（intentions and wishes）现归纳如下：
1． I’m thinking of …
2． I’d like to…
3． I’d love to …
4． I’d rather…
5． I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
6． I feel like…
7． I hope that …
8． I expect that…
9． My plan is to…
10． My hope is to…
三、口语针对性练习（20分，15分钟）
（一）完成下列各句（每小题1分，共10分）
1．I’m thinking of (carry) out this policy.
2．I’d like (invite) my teacher to come to the party.
3．I’d rather (stay) at home in the evening when I live in the country.
4．I feel like (have) fish instead of meat.
5．He intended (take) the exam next year.
6．We hope that the foreigner (give) us a speech next week.
7．My plan is (travel) all over the world.
8．We prefer (watch) TV at home to going out for a walk.
9．Xiao Ming would rather listen to the radio than (watch) the football match.
10．I wish I (be) a bird of we had flood here.
（二）补全对话（每小题2分，共10分）
Jill： 1 （你在业余时间喜欢做什么）？
Joe： 2 （我喜欢跑步）.
Jill： 3 （我不喜欢跑步）I like walking.
Joe： Is walking a kind of exercise?
Jill： Yes. Now most people think walking is the best exercise.
Joe： Do you do a lot of walking every day?
Jill： Yes. I walk an hour every day. 4 （它对人身体有好处）.
Joe： I’m not sure. I’d like to ask my grandpa. 5 （他喜欢走路）.
Ⅳ．阅读指导
一、生词和词组
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能发生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win?他有可能获胜吗？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的结果是不分胜负。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是个合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能会……
It’s likely that… 可能会（有，发生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不会成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能会迟到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱住；紧握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那个小男孩紧握住妈妈的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓紧绳子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 领悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我没领悟老师的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 紧握；抓紧；领悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem.
他没有彻底理解这个问题。
(3)短语：beyond/within a person’s grasp 为某人所不能/能抓到的；为某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成为……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾气/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困难的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟练 eg:
master English 精通英语 master foreign affairs 精通外交事务
He never mastered the art of the public speaking.
他从未掌握当众演讲的艺术。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长
④male teacher 男教师 eg:
the master of the house 一家之长
the maths master 数学教师 a master’s degree 硕士学位
4．arrange [ ′reInd ] vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs.
他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 为……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist.
母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to met her. 我安排他和她见面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 约定与某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball.
我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. = He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.
他安排把会议延后一周召开。
5． failure [′feIlj ] n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失败；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的事例；失败的人，企图或失败的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是个好老师。
Success came after many failures. 失败多次之后终于成功。
6． locate[l ′keIt] vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地点设置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 将设置在郊区的一所新学校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我们学校坐落于市中心。
(4)比较location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church.
那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。
7． organ[′ g n] n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 动植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 语言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 组织，机构 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 国会是政府的主要机关。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 风琴
二、同、近义词辨析
1．likely, possible 与probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有别。possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。
（2）possible 不能用人作主语。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能这样说吗？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人作主语。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要来。
（4）likely 既可用人作主语，也可用物作主语。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come.
他可能要来。但不能说：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法与上述类似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 与snatch
catch是普通用语，用“设法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起枪就冲了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他从敌人士兵手中夺过了枪。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢走了她的手提包就跑了。
三、语言点讲解
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的成就，其中许多可能就诞生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到来，必将发生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us?
谁知道我们将来注定如何？
（2）in store 也有储存着，备用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end.
那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺贮存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中关村作为高新科技特区被创立并迅速成为中国高科技工业的先锋。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府成立工作组调查此问题。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可写成in the late 1990’s 二十世纪九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世纪八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技术
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 当我获得硕士学位时，我想回到家乡，可是我没能找到学有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一个复合句。When I got my master’s degree 为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词wanted。wanted和couldn’t find为并列谓语动词，由并列连词but连接。where I could use what I had learnt为定语从句，修饰先行词company。what I had learnt 为宾语从句。
（2）a master’s degree 硕士学位 a doctor’s degree 博士学位
a bachelor’s degree 学士学位
又如：Master of Arts 文学硕士 Doctor of Law 法学博士
Bachelor of Science 理学学士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。
（1）本句是复合句。How happy I was … 为宾语从句。
when I set foot in China again and was back with … 为时间状语从句。
（2）set foot in/on 进入，踏进 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned. 她说直到这屋子收拾好了她才住进去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island.
没有人曾光顾过那个荒芜的岛。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科学，技术，知识发展经常”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。
（1）此句为复合句。it为形式宾语，代表that引导的宾语从句。
（2）rely on/upon信赖，依赖 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，讲清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他们想说明他们做着一项重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而感到激动。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 为定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。
（2）come to life 苏醒；恢复生气 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life. 我们都以为他淹死了，但经过一小时的人工呼吸后，他又苏醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life. 当我告诉学生们这个好消息时，他们都活跃起来了。
四、典型病句诊断
1． 病句：Yufang has come to China for three years.
诊断：Yufang has been in China for three years.
点拨：come为终止性动词，用于现在完成时时态，不能与表一段时间的状语连用。
2． 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out.
诊断：Where he has gone is to be found out.
点拨：主语从句应用陈述句语序。
3． 病句：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return back to China.
诊断：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return to China.
点拨：return意思是“come back”，不与back连用。
4． 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth.
诊断：I would rather you told me the truth.
点拨：would rather 后面带的宾语从句表示一种愿望，动词要用过去式来表示虚拟语气。
5． 病句：The old man stays very health.
诊断：The old man stays very healthy.
点拨：stay为系动词，意为“保持（状态）”，后用形容词作表语。
6． 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China.
诊断：Great changes have taken place in China.
点拨：take place “发生，举行”，不用被动语态。
7． 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one.
诊断：This lesson is much easier than that one.
点拨：形容词比较级前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加强语气。
8． 病句：All the answers are not correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
诊断：None of the answers are correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
点拨：all…not和not all…表示部分否定，意为“并非都……”，而none表示全部否定，意为“都不……”。
9． 病句：I don’t like the way which you speak to me.
诊断：I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
点拨：在way后面引导定语从句时，可用that, in which 或省略。
10． 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science.
诊断：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
点拨：affect vt. “影响”； effect n. “影响”，have a good/bad effect on 意为“对……有好/不良的影响”。
类文阅读针对性练习（16分，20分钟）
A
Farmers could grow more rice and shaky Internet communications could work better some day, thanks to prize-winning discoveries by teenage scientists showed at a national science fair on Monday.
High-school scientists from across the United States showed off word in genetics （遗传学）, molecular biology, mathematics and other fields that judges said rose to the professional level.
“It just blows me away. They’re all just unimaginable, ”said Joel Spencer, a New York University professor who served as a judge at the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology.
Research done by finalists in the nationwide competition could lead to faster Internet speeds, more effective antibacterial drugs and better energy conservation. One team researched black holes in outer space, while another examined more than 700 fossils to better understand why dinosaurs died out.
Juliet Girard and Roshan Prabhu won a $ 100, 000 scholarship for their work proving genes（基因） that help some strains of wild rice flower earlier than others.
Drawing on a database（数据库） that described the genetic makeup of rice, the two students, from Jersey City, New Jersey, identified two genetic segments (sections) that directed wild rice to blossom an average of 10 days earlier than the ordinary short-grain rice that feeds much of the world.
Their discovery could allow genetic engineers to develop a new strain that would take less time to reach maturity, allowing farmers to produce more and extending the growing region into colder climates.
Steven Bymes of Lexington, Massachusetts, took the top individual prize for his theory describing outcomes in a two-player game called Chomp.
Several said they planned to publish their findings in famous professional magazines.
1．What made the university professors surprised was that .
A．high-school students did very well in all scientific fields
B．they had never thought of these things when they were young
C．the work of the high-school students was of high quality and reached the professional level
D．high-school students have found out why dinosaurs died out
2．Which of the following is true?
A．Two students discovered the way of growing more rice and growing rice in colder climates.
B．What the two students discovered about the genetic makeup of rice may lead to an important development in agriculture.
C．Steven Bymes took the top prize at the national science fair on Monday.
D．Several students planned to write more articles in some professional journals.
3．What is this report mainly about?
A．Farmers can grow more rice and shaky Internet communications can work better after the competitions are held.
B．Some high-school students have become professional scientists.
C．High-school students can make great contributions to the world in many fields just like adult scientists.
D． A national science fair made scientists greatly surprised.
B
Scientists have uncovered the exact difference between man and mouse.
Teams of scientists from around the world will publish today the draft（草图）genome（基因组）of the mouse, which enables them for the first time to compare another mammal’s entire DNA directly with that of humans.
The similarities are far greater than the differences- man and mouse share a common ancestor that lived more than 70 million years ago-which has allowed scientists to find treatments for a good many human diseases.
British members of the project say the draft mouse genome, published in the journal Nature, has provided the “phrase book” for scientists to translate the language of the human genome.
“The entire biomedical research community can for the first time fully use this resource to deal with human diseases. They will now have powerful tools that will serve them for many years to come, ” said Dr Jane Rogers, head of sequencing at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which did 20 percent of the work.
Comparisons show almost every gene in the mouse has a corresponding （对应的）gene in humans 99 percent similarity that should help to find how each human gene works. Already the work has been able to show that man and mouse each have about 30, 000 genes yet only 300 or so are unique to either species, increasing the value of the lab mouse as a “model” for human genetics.
This is an extraordinary milestone. For the first time we have an opportunity to see ourselves in an evolutionary（进化的）mirror. The mouse genome stands for a very important chapter in the lab notebook of evolution By taking away genes to create sick mice, scientists have been able to reproduce a number of human disorders. Knowing the entire genomes of humans and mice will enable them to employ the technique more widely, leading to a rapid development in the understanding of illnesses.
4．Scientists have found that .
A．men and mice are actually the same kind of animal
B．mice are actually the ancestors of human beings
C．the genome of the mouse is the same as that of humans
D．humans and mice most probably have developed from the same ancestor
5．The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that .
A．man has finally found his true ancestor
B．it will be easier for people to find the causes of human diseases and cure them
C．it has enabled the scientists to compare human DNA with that of another mammal
D．it makes it possible for man to understand the complicated language of his genome
6．The word “unique” in the sixth paragraph probably mean .
A．having no like of equal
B．the same
C．corresponding
D．excellent
7．It can be inferred that .
A．every gene of a mouse works in the same way as that of a human being
B．it has become easier for humans to find their real ancestor
C．more mice will be used in scientific experiments
D．scientists will use less mice in their experiments to protect them
8．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Mouse’s Book of Life May Provide Cures for Human Diseases.
B．Mice and Men Are the Same.
C．Man and Mouse Share a Common Ancestor.
D．The difference Between Man and Mouse.
类文阅读针对性练习
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A