一、动名词在句中作主语
Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.集邮将花费你很多钱。
Driving a car isn’t as comfortable as traveling by train.
开车旅行不如乘火车旅行舒服。
1. it作形式主语,当动名词短语在句中作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,我们用it作为形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。
It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危险的。
It’s no good arguing with him.与他争论是没有好处的。
必背句型:
It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth.
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of …doing sth..
It’s very difficult doing sth.. It’s nice doing sth.
注:能用动名词作主语的句子比较少一些,主要用于no good, no use, useless, senseless, dangerous,waste等词作表语的句子。
2.在下列句型中只能用动名词作主语。
There is no+v-ing(…是不可能的) =It is impossible to do sth. =No one can …(or we can not…)
There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no getting in touch with him和他取得联系是不可能的。
注:动名词短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
二、 动名词在句中作表语
动名词在句中作表语时一般表示抽象的习惯性的动作,表语和主语常常可以互换。
My job is teaching English.(Teaching English is my job.)我的工作是教英语。
三、 动名词在句中作宾语
They have finished doing their homework.他们已经做完作业了。
Nothing can stop us from realizing the four modernizations in our country.
什么也不能阻止我们国家实现四个现代化。
1.在下面的及物动词或短语后面,只能用动名词作宾语。
advise建议,admit承认,allow允许,appreciate感谢,欣赏avoid避免,consider考虑,认为,delay推迟,deny否认,dislike讨厌,enjoy喜欢,escape逃脱,excuse原谅,finish完成,forgive原谅,imagine想像,keep保持,mention提到,mind介意,miss错过,postpone延缓,practise练习,prevent阻止,resist 抵抗,risk冒险,suggest建议,understand理解,can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做……,can’t stand不能忍受,give up 放弃,put off 推迟,leave off 停止等。
I don’t allow smoking in my room.我不允许在我房内吸烟。
She can’t stand waiting for her friend for a long time.她不能忍受长时间等候朋友。
Would you mind opening the window for me ?您介意替我把窗子打开吗?
Excuse my being late,please.=Excuse me for being late.请原谅我来迟了
Heavy rain prevented my visiting him yesterday.=Heavy rain prevented me from visiting him yesterday.昨天,大雨阻止了我拜访他。
2.在介词后面作宾词,动名词常跟在一些固定词组后作宾语。
(1)add to加上,be afraid of 怕(产生某种后果),be ashamed of为……感到羞愧,be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事,be clever at在……方面聪明,be engaged in从事于,be fond of喜欢,be good at擅长,be interested in对……感兴趣,be proud of为……而骄傲,be successful in在……方面成功,be sick of对……感到恶心,be sentenced to宣判,be tired of厌烦,come to谈到,depend on依靠,dream of梦想,devote…to…把……贡献,excuse…for…为……而原谅,feel like愿意 ,get to开始,hear of 听说insist on坚持,know of对……了解,keep…from…阻止……做……,persist in坚持 ,set about 动手去做, spend…on在……花费,spend…(in)doing sth.花……做某事, stop…from…阻止……做……,stick to坚持,succeed in在……取得成功,thank…for… 为……而感谢……,think of 想到.
注:insist on 表示对要求、看法、意见或主张的“坚持”;stick to 表示对“愿望、原则、决定、诺言、意见、理想或某种理论的坚持不渝;persist in 表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念固执不改。
表示“阻止某人做某事”的几个短语中stop,prevent 后的from可以省略,而keep后的from不能省,因为keep sb. doing sth. 表示”使某人一直做某事”.
(2)在下面句型中也常用动名词.
There is no use/ need /harm/ hurry +in doing sth
There be/We have fun /some difficulty/some trouble/problem/pleasure/a good time/a hard time +in doing sth.
例如:
He is busy preparing his lessons.他忙于备课。
Einstein spent the rest of his life living in the USA. 爱因斯坦在美国度过他的晚年。
I had some difficulty in explaining the maths problem to him.
我费劲地给解释这道数学题。
The little girl is interested in drawing pictures.小姑娘对画画感兴趣。
We look forward to going abroad.我们盼望出国。
Is there any hope of your team winning the match? 你们队在比赛中有希望获胜吗?
He insists on no one knowing about the experiment. 他坚持认为没人了解有关实验的情况。
四、分词在句中作表语
在系动词be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,sound,appear等后面的现在分词作表语时,一般表示主动或表示主语的性质和特征。含有“令人……”之意,多数情况下主语为物:
The first impressions are most lasting.最初的印象历时最久。
This piece of news is encouraging.这条消息鼓舞人心。
作表语的分词大部分是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的,而且这类分词实际上已基本形容词化。常见的有以下分词:
amusing,astonishing,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,interesting,missing,promising,puzzling,shocking,surprising,striking等。
The novel is very interesting and we are all interested in it. 这本小说很有趣,我们对它都很感兴趣。
These colours are pleasing.这些色彩令人愉快。
作表语的现在分词和进行时态中的现在分词的区别。
在系表结构中,现在分词表示主语的特性,be 为系动词,可以换作其他的系动词。而在进行进态中,现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作,在句中与助动词be一起构成谓语,此结构中的助动词be不能换成其他的助动词。
The news is moving.这消息令人感动。
(moving为表语,说明主语的特性)
His heroic deeds are moving us.他的英雄事迹正在感动着我们。(moving为现在分词,与助动词are构成谓语)