【教学目标】
1. 谈论科学和科学家（talk about science and scientists）
2. 练习描写人物并展开辩论(Practice describing people and debating)
3. 进一步学习动词不定式（Learn more about the infinitive）
【单元内容概述】
本单元的中心话题是 “科学家”， 具体涉及科学家的名言、轶事、科学家的成功之道、如何向科学家学习等。 语言技能和语言知识几乎都围绕介绍 “科学家” 这一中心话题设计的。
1. 单词
undertake analysis obvious within agriculture gravity curious branch debate scan boundary graduate resaech weelchair disable theory seek misunderstand scientific observe match predict unhappiness crime astronomer microscope telescope heaven intelligent patient experiment
2. 词组
work on go by go on with dream of turn out use up be satisfied with take a look at what if the other way round
3. 功能英语
1） 描述人物 （Describing people）
The scientist is curious and careful.
He is also intelligent and patient.
… you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduated student…
2） 辩论 （Debating）
I think biology is the most important and useful science because…
That’s correct. That’s true
It’s clear that… I doubt that…
It’s hard to say. Well, maybe, but…
There’s no doult that… What’s your idea?
Have you thought about…?
4. 语法
动词不定式（短语）作主语、宾语、定语和状语：
To obey the law is everyone’s duty. (作主语)
Scientists try to describe and explain what we see. (作动词宾语)
That will be the only thing to do now. (作定语)
Learn from the past mistakes to avoid the future ones. (作状语,表示目的)
We were surprised to find him there. (作状语,表示原因)
重、难点知识讲解
一. 重点单词与词组
1．undertake vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken)
（1）着手工作[start on (work)]，担任职位（take up a position）.
He undertook a revolutionary task then.
他当时从事一项革命工作.（undertake. sth.）
He undertook a journey.
他准备旅行。
（2）承担；接受；同意；保证
We should undertake the responsibility for changes.
我们应该承担起改革的责任。（承担）
He undertook to be our guide.
他同意做我们的向导。（undertake to be …同意）
（相当于promise /agree）
He undertook to improve the working arrangements.
他答应改善工作方式。
（undertake to do sth.相当于promise /agree to do sth.）
I will undertake that all the cattle will grow well.
我保证所有的牲畜都能长得好。（undertake that…保证…）
2． curious adj.
（1）好奇的；好求知的（eager to know /learn）.
A good student should always be curious to learn.
好学生应有求知欲。（be curious to do sth）
（2）好管闲事的，爱打听隐私的（having /showing too much interest in other people's affairs）
He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it; even though it was addressed to his father.
虽然，信是寄给他父亲收的，但他对信的内容十分好奇，就把它折开看了。（be curious to do sth）
（3）古怪的；奇怪的；奇特的；不寻常的（strange, unusual）
This is a curious piece of 19th century art.
这是一部稀罕的十九世纪艺术品。
派生词：curiously adv.
Curiously (enough), he seemed to know that already.
真奇怪，那件事他好像知道了。
3． branch n.（学科）分科；树枝；支流；支线；分支机构
Some birds settled on the branches of a big tree.
一些鸟栖息在一棵大树的枝头上。（树枝）
The Han River is a branch of the Changjiang River.
汉水是长江的支流。（支流）
You can find a branch road /railway in front of you.
你可在眼前发现一个道路/铁路支线。（支线）
Physics is a branch of science.
物理学是一门科学。（分科）
Our business has branches in many cities.
我们在许多城市设有分店。（分支机构）
He comes from a branch of our family that settled in America.
他来自我们定居美国的家族的一支。（分支）
相关搭配：
a Party branch 党支部
a League branch团支部
a general Party branch党总支
a branch office分局；分店
4． debate n. 辩论；争论
vt. 与……辩论；争论
vi.辩论；争论；参加辩论
There will be a long debate before the new law is passed.
新法令通过以前要先作一次长的辩论。（n.）
I debated upon /about the question with Mary.
我跟玛丽辩论这个问题。（v.）
与upon /about 连用，构成词组：
debate upon /about sth with sb或debate with sb upon /about sth.
与某人辩论某问题
They debated the question at the meeting yesterday.
昨天他们在会议上辩论了这个问题。（vt.）
另外，此词也可指心理的思想的斗争，可作“考虑，思考”讲，如：
I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep.
我入睡前心中一再思考这个问题。
派生词：debater n.好争辩者；精于争辩者
5． work on
（1）继续工作 例如：
They have been working on the problem these five years.
这五年来他们一直致力于解决这个问题。
（2）对……做工作，对……施加影响例如：
Work on your father until he agrees.
做做你父亲的工作，直到他同意为止。
（3）影响
A child's tears always work on his mother's feeling.
孩子的眼泪总是影响其母亲的情绪。
6． research vt. & vi.调查、研究、探索（into, on）
They researched on /into the effects of cigarette smoking.
他们研究了抽烟的影响。（research on /into sth. vi.）
We are researching a subject.
我们正在研究一个专题。（research sth. vt.）
This book has been very well researched.
这本书的研究做得很深入。（vt.）
n.（1）研究，探讨（[ U ]）
They will do some research on disease of the blood.
他们将研究血液疾病。（do research on /into sth.）
They are working on a piece of research.
他们正从事一项研究。
（2）一项研究成果（[ C ]）
They carried out a research into the causes of brain damage.
他们进行了脑伤原因的研究。
My researches were directed towards finding a cure for headaches.
我的研究目标是治头疼的方法。
7． seek vt. & vi.(sought, sought) 寻找，探索，追求（after, for）
We sought after the truth in the matter.
我们寻找事情的真相。（seek after sth.. vi.）
They were seeking among his untidy papers for the right one.
他们正在杂乱的文件堆中找寻着要的那一份。（seek…for… vi）
You could seek shelter from the rain.
你能寻找避雨之所。（seek sth vt.）
You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
这件事情你应该请教你的律师。（请求，要求）
They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped.
他们试图将他治罪，但他逃走了。（尝试，试图，try）
其它用法：
（1）自然地移往（to move naturally towards）
Water seeks its own level.
水自然往下流。
The compass pointer always seeks the north.
罗盘的指针总是指向北方。
（2）not far to seek不难了解的；浅近的（easily seen /understood; at hand）
The reason for his failure was not far to seek, he was ill during the examination.
他不及格的原因不难理解，他在考试时病了。
8． observe vt.观察，看到，注意到（see and notice; watch carefully）
She has observed the stars all her life.
她一生观察星体。
They observed the thief stealing /steal the money.
他们看见这个小偷偷了钱。（observe sb do /doing sth.）
二、重难点句子
1． Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
霍金写道，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作永远是无止境的，即使是最好的理论也可能被证明是错误的。
（1）on the other hand 与Hawking writes 均为本句的插语，原句应为：
Hawking writes scientists, on the other hand, know that…, scientists know that…是writes 的整个宾语主句，that their job… 则又是宾语从句中的谓语动词 knows 所引导的另一个宾语从句。
（2）…and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong 是writes 引导的宾语从句中谓语动词know引导的第二个并列宾语从句。在英语中，宾语从句的引导词that可以被省略，但如果一个动词引导两个以上并列的宾语从句时，第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不可省略。例如：
He said that he would come back soon and that he would continue to learn drawing.
他说他马上就会回来的，而且会继续学习绘画的。
（3）turn out“结果（是）；证明（是）；原来（是）”（to happen to be in the end）往往指结果与所预想的或表面上的不一致。例如：
His answer turned out to be wrong.
他的答案被证明是错误的。（turn out to be…）
The party turned out a success.
聚会很成功。（turn out sth）
He turned out to live in Hastings.
原来他住在黑斯廷斯。（turn out to do）
It's turned out nice and sunny again.
（天气）终于又是阳光普照了。
2． By asking why, how and what if, curious mind find new ideas and solutions.
通过不停地问自已为什么，如何运作和盘根究底的假设，这个求知的人终于找到新的主意及方法了。
what if倘使…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧。
例如：
What if we move the picture over here? Do you think it'll look better?
把画移到这儿会怎样？你看会不会好看一点？
What if you should fail?
假如你失败了，该怎么办呢？
What if he fails?
如果他失败又有什么关系？
高考解析
1、I have worked with children before, so I know what _______ in my new job.（2000 NMET）
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expected D．expects
命题目的：考查“What to expect”中的不定式在句中做宾语.
解题方法：
此题答案为B.“疑问词＋不定式”常相当于名词的作用，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。所以此题可排除A、D。而这个不定式的动词 except 与 what 构成动宾关系，应用不定式的主动语态表示被动含义，所以排除Ｃ。
2、It is ________ that he has left out _______ “n”in the word “government”.
A．obvious; an B．obviously; a
C．clear; the D．clearly; a
命题目的：句型及冠词的用法.
解题方法：
此题答案为A。第一空用在句型It is obvious /clear that…表示“很显然”，此句型相当于Obviously /Clearly…；第二空在元音音素前，用不定冠词“an”。
3、－Will you go to ask him for help?
－But ______ he is busy?
A．when B．once
C．what if D．what
命题目的：考查what if的用法.
解题方法：
此题答案为C。“what if”表示“假如……的话，该怎么办？”又如：What if the earth broke up?如果地球爆炸了，会怎么样呢？
同步测试
一、单项填空：从下面所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
( )1．The old man _____ our guide.
A．acted B．undertook as C．undertook to be D．worked
( )2．－Is the table free? －Sorry, it is already______.
A．seated B．bought C．busy D．engaged
( ) 3．To learn to speak a foreign language well, ______.
A．much practice is needed by one B．much practice will be needed
C．one needs much practice D．one is needed with practice
( ) 4．It is better to lose one's life than _____.
A．if you lose your spirit B．losing his spirit
C．to lose one's spirit D．your spirit getting lost
( ) 5．In front of the farmhouse, they met a little boy ______ a branch to make a walking stick.
A．who was working on B．that working at
C．who worked at D．was working on
( ) 6．We will have to ______ each other to see whether art is more important than science.
A．discuss B．talk with C．argue D．debate
( ) 7．______ I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture!
A．Only if B．Even if C．If only D．What if
( ) 8．Don't be unhappy. With time _____, you will get a higher pay.
A．going by B．goes by C．went by D．has gone by
( ) 9．He was not satisfied with a paper map. ______, he built a model that could move to show how the position of the stars changed from season to season
A．Instead of B．Therefore C．However D．Anyhow
( )10．－Why doesn't he make notes?
－He has no pen _____. He seems ______ it.
A．to write, to forget bringing B．to write, to forget to bring
C．to write with, to have forgotten to bring D．to use with, to have forgotten
( )11．They used up all their money to _____ their lost son.
A．seek B．seek out C．search D．look search of
( )12．_____ is no doubt that he will get the present he has always dreamt ____.
A．There; of B．It; about C．There; to D．It; of
( )13．Only if you can keep it secret ______ tell you all about the matter.
A．I will B．will I C．do I D．I shall
答案及提示
1．C. undertake to be“担当（职位），作为（身份）”，相当于act as或work as.
2．D. 根据上下文可知说话人想知道“这餐桌是不是空的”。engaged指“被合用”之意。
3．C. 不定式的逻辑主语应为人，即排除A、B、D为被动语态，不合句意。
4．C. 不定式指代形式主语it，又因为前面是to lose one’s life，为不定式形式，所以要求形式上的统一。
5．A. 为定语修饰先行词boy，根据上下文应强调当时的情景。B、D语法上均错误。C时态不是最佳。
6．D. discuss“讨论”，句型为：discuss sth with sb
argue “争论”，句型为：argue with sb about /over sth.
Talk with sb“与……交谈”。根据本题之意，应为“辩论”。
可说：debate sb.（与某人辩论），也可说debate with sb about /upon sth
7．C. If only“如果……就好了”后面可接真实及虚拟语气。本句是一与过去相反的虚拟语气。意思是“如果我在参加这次讲座之前，读了阅读目录上的文章就好了”。
8．A. with＋复合宾语，time与后面的动词是主谓关系，即用现在分词。
9．B. 根据上下文，这应该是上文的原因的必然结果。
10．C. 不定式作定语修饰pen.因为：He must write with a pen.须用to write with .seem后须用不定式.
11．A. seek sb“寻找某人”相当于seek for /search for.
12．A. There is no doubt that…是固定句型，“毫无疑问”，dream of“梦想，渴望”。
13．B. “only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句须用部分倒装语序。