1. wish you were here
wish 之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。“但愿，要是…就好了”
hope/ wish
I see you soon. Let’s the best.
I I a bird. I she come tonight.
My parents me to grow up quickly. I you a happy New Year!
--- Do you think he will pass the exam?
--- I so.
2. go trekking 长途跋涉
3. what animal is uncomfortable to sit on?
这人很难相处。The man is hard .
这个题目对于我来说很容易解决。The problem is easy for me .
我需要一顶帐篷在里面睡觉。I need a tent .
给我一张纸写字。Give me a piece of paper .
有五双可供选择。There are five pairs .
4. adventure①U. 冒险C 冒险经历，奇遇
充满惊险刺激的生活 a life full of adventure
年轻人总喜欢冒险。The young are always fond of .
这位探险家跟孩子们讲了他的非洲奇遇。The explorer told the children about his in Africa.
②vt. 大胆提出或进行，敢于 大胆提出意见
③vi. 冒险，企图侥幸（on/upon）
Those explorers adventured on unknown seas.
5. be busy (in) doing sth be busy at/with/over/about sth
女孩忙着做家庭作业。The girl is busy at/ with her homework.
你在忙什么？What are you busy with?
我们看见他们忙着打扫教室。We saw then busy cleaning the classroom.
我们发现他忙于生意。We found him busy with his business.
6. astonishing adj.“惊人的，感到惊讶的” astonished adj. “感到惊讶的” 常做表语。
astonish vt. 使惊讶 astonishment n.惊讶
The news astonished everyone. He was astonished to hear he had got the job.
She looked astonished when she heard the news.
You seem astonished at the result.
I find it quiet astonishing that none of you liked the play.
It is astonishing that he finished the work so early.
To my astonishment , it disappeared completely.
He glared at the painting in astonishment .
7. We leave London on 15th July … 用一般现在时表示将来时，在口语中，一般现在时有时用来表示一个按规定，计划或安排要发生的事，这时都有个表示将来的时间状语。这种用法仅限于少数动词：begin, start, arrive, come, leave, go, open, close, be ,sail etc.
飞机上午11点起飞。The plane at 11 a.m.
他们明天到。They here tomorrow.
我今天下午2点到4点在办公室。I in my office from two to four this afternoon.
8. dusty adj. (dustier, dustiest ) ①满是灰尘的②（颜色）土灰色的，灰暗的
The water in the Yellow River is dusty.
At last they came to an old temple which was dusty.
9. by camel by 此处表方法，手段，原因“以…，借助于…”
①by +不带冠词的工具名词 乘火车/公共汽车/飞机/船/汽车/的士
②by+ doing 通过教学/务农
by 还可用于 ①hit/ catch/ lead +sb. by the +身体部位
这男孩拉着他妹妹的胳膊。
那位妈妈牵着小孩的手过马路。
② (一个)接着（一个） 逐渐 逐步
10. travel down the River Nile down “向下，顺流而下”
up/ down
Tom jumped and caught the ball. We walked the hill before the sunset.
The ship sailed the river to get to the source of the river.
汽车沿海岸向北行驶了两英里。The car has traveled two miles the seashore.
我给你讲讲南方的情况吧。Let me tell you about what’s going on south.
他进了城里，而他姐姐去了农村。He went to the town while his sister went to the country side.
每年有大量的学生成为牛津大学的新生，也有许多离校。Every year many students go to Oxford, while many go from it.
11. actually adv. ①（口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地
他的确没来过。He didn’t come here actually.
②（表想法与事实不一致而惊奇）居然，竟然
他既然指望我给他付票钱。He actually expected me to pay for his ticket.
③（礼貌地纠正他人）实际上，事实上
事实上，我们不是美国人。We’re not Americans.
④（礼貌地引起注意，转移话题）说实在的，确实
说实在的，我这会很忙。Actually, I’m busy now.
12. rough adj. ①粗糙的，高低不平的②粗鲁的③粗略的，大体的④艰难的，难受的
The skin on her hands is hard and rough.
I had a rough time during the war.
Our car bumped up and down on the rough road.
He made a rough sketch. He is rough in speech.
They draw a conclusion in rough.
The boss was very rough on the staff.
13. special clothing clothing /cloth/clothe/ clothes/ dress的区别：
How much clothing does it take to make a blouse of the girl?
Then they handed each of us a hot wet clothing to wipe our hand.
She often wears beautiful clothes .
When she gets home she will take off her clothes .
This shop sells women’s .
The mother is clothing her baby.
My sister is wearing a red .
14. in case ① conj. “万一，以防” ②adv.放于句末，“以防万一，免得”
我一天都呆在家里，以防汤姆打电话来。I’ll stay at home .
坐出租车吧免得开会迟到了。Take a taxi .
你最好带些钱，以防万一。
in case of +n “万一发生，在（有坏事的）情况下”常放在句首。
万一发生火灾，打电话给警察，
万一下雨，比赛就回延期。
in no case “决不”放在句首，全句要部分倒状。
你决不应该放弃。
我决不会改变主意。In no case shall I change my mind.
in any case adv.“无论如何，不管这样”
无论如何，尽力而为。
在任何情况下，我都会支持你。In any case, I’ll stand behind you.
in that case“既然如此”
I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some .
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s I have to wait.
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
--- it’s cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella.
--- .
A. Yes, take it easy. B. Well, it just depends C. OK, just in case D. All right, you’re welcome.
15. get turned upside down upside down adv.①颠倒地，翻倒过来地②乱七八糟地
不要倒拿盒子。 她把房间弄的乱七八糟。
16. whatever ① “无论什么”引导宾语从句。
无论决定什么，他都不同意。He disagreed with .
父母不应该给孩子无论什么他们想要的。Parents shouldn’t give their children .
我想到什么就说什么。I will just say .
② no matter how 引导让步状语从句。
不管你做什么决定，我都会支持你。 ,I will support you.
不管其他人怎么想，他继续他的工作。 , he keeps working.
The old tower must be saved, the cost.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
17. supply n&v ①U 供应，供给，提供 supply and demand in short supply
The water company cut the supply of water for no reason.
②C a (good)supply of 大量的
we need a good supply of water when traveling in desert.
③pl. 供应品,补给品
We’ll be receiving new water supplies next week.
The medical supplies were running out.
④vt. 供应，供给，提供 supply sth to sb =supply sb with sth
The government free books schools.= The government schools free books.
牛提供牛奶给我们。
All the room are with electric lights.
A. supplied B. given C. offered D. burnt
18. as … as possible : as …. as one can
尽可能早地 尽可能经常地 尽可能友好地 尽可能多地
尽可能远地 尽可能近地 尽可能快地
The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him I did.
A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as
19. scare ① v. （使）害怕 ~ sb.
那响声把我吓了一跳。
② ~ away / off 把…吓跑 ~ into/out of doing吓得做/不做
light a fire to the wolves
They him the keys.他们把他吓的交出了钥匙。
③n. 惊慌，恐怖 give sb. a scare 使某人吓一跳
④scared/ scary be scared at sth be scared to do be scared that-clause
20. bite v. (bit, bitten) 咬，啃， 叮
Once bite, twice shy.
别咬指甲。 我的狗不咬人。
那只狗咬了小偷的腿。The dog the thief the leg.
我的狗把我的裤子咬了个洞。My dog a hole in my pants.
婴儿被蚊子叮了。The baby mosquitoes.
be bitten with bite one’s lip bite back
21. view ①U 观看，视野②C 风景，景色③C 看法，意见+ on/about
那寺庙值得一看。
从山丘顶上眺望，风景真美。
有关这个问题你的看法如何？
依我看，这个计划行不通。
in one’s view take the long view in view of
viewer 观众，观看者
22. look forward to “期盼，盼望” to 为介词
v+ prep. to 短语小结：pay attention to refer to get down to turn to lead to
be used to stick to prefer sth to sth lead to agree to devote… to
23. remind (27) 提醒，使想起
remind sb. of /about sth/sb remind sb to do sth remind sb that/ wh-
谢谢你的礼物，它会使我常常想起你。
他提醒我要带的装备。
请提醒他明天开会别迟到。
她提醒我说我还没交作业呢。
请提醒我要准备什么东西。
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pat attention to our table manners.
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
What he said just now me of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized
24. run out (27) ①用完了，其主语通常是时间，食物，金钱等，表被动含义
他的钱很快就花完了。
②run out of 用完了，其主语通常是人 他很快用完了钱。
③run out of 从…流出/跑出 那女孩哭着跑出了教室。
24 . as well / as well as
He is a doctor, and a professor .
The teacher, her students, gone to see a film.
She can cook sew.
25. total adj./n/v 合计，总计 totally adv.完全地 in total
一共有20000人参观了这个地方。 2000 people visited the place.
26. silence n. ①沉默 in（total）silence
Speech is silver while silence is golden.
我们默默地互相注视着。
②（对某事）缄默+on