Warming up
1. Cube n立方体；立方形；正六面体
The cube of 5 is 125. 5的立方是125。 The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.立方体的, 立方的 a cubic meter 立方米 引申：square n.正方形 平方
Speaking
2. benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益a public benefit公益disability benefits残废抚恤金(pl)救济金
be of benefit to the people对人民有好处[U]
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.这部字典将对我有很大裨益。
Exercise benefits our health.运动有益于我们的健康。
We benefit by [from] daily exercises.每天做操对我们有益。
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。
The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于这场雨。
3. range n.山脉vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…从……到……不等 vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains一列山脉 a range of pictures 一系列画片
the annual range of temperature每年的温度变化范围 a wide range of knowledge广博的知识
4. all the way adv.从远道, 自始至终, 一路上all the time adv.始终
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree.他一直爬上了树顶。
5. property n.财产, 所有物, 所有权, 性质, 特性
This car is my property. 这车是我的财产。
Many plants have medicinal properties. 许多植物具有药性。
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失败，垮掉，破坏，把。。。分类，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) 突然挣脱，逃脱；脱离；背叛
break in 强行进入，打断，搅扰 break into sth 强行闯入，break off 断开，折断；突然终止
break out 爆发；break through 冲破，突破；break up 粉碎，破碎，结束；解散；拆开，绝交
7. whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。
Whatever is left over is yours. You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office. She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠词。
9. pure adj.纯的, 纯粹的, 纯净的, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 纯金 The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山间河流中的水通常是纯净的。
pure English 纯正英语a pure mind 心地纯洁 It was a pure accident.这全然是一次意外事故。 by pure chance 全凭运气 pure science 纯科学
10. dense adj.密集的, 浓厚的 density n.密度
Densely populated 人口密集的
11. mass n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量
adj.群众的, 大规模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一团云。
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air一团热空气
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群众, 民众
Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生产
a mass-circulation magazine大量发行的杂志
12. absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
to absorb the full meaning of a remark 理解一句话的全部意义take in
He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。
be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于put heart into
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
13. give off 发出(蒸汽、光等)
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away 赠送，捐赠，泄露，暴露；give sb/sth back 还，归还； give in (to sb /sth) 屈服； give off 放出，发出（气味，热，光等）；give out 用光，耗尽，分发，散发； give up 放弃；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive 感觉敏锐的，神经过敏的，敏感的 （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。
He’s very sensitive about his weight. 他很忌讳别人说他胖。
She’s very sensitive to criticism. 她一听批评就急。
Health care is a politically sensitive issue. 医疗卫生是政界的一个敏感问题。
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. 我的牙齿对冷食过敏。
an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem 演员对诗歌富有表现力的朗诵。
2. a variety of (同一事物)不同种类，多种式样
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
He resigned for a variety of reasons. 他由于种种原因辞职了。
3. contribute （sth） to 捐献，捐赠；增加，添进（到某物）；为。。。撰写稿件
contribute to 是。。。的原因；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们给地震基金捐赠了5000美金。
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death. 据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 移民在许多方面都对英国文化有所贡献。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 她给这家报纸撰写了一些稿件。
Unit 13 the water planet 知识清单
Warming up
1. Cube n_____; _________；正六面体
The cube of 5 is 125. The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.________ a cubic meter _______ 引申：square n.__________
Speaking
2. benefit n. ______ vt. ______ vi.受益a public benefit_____disability benefit_____
be of benefit to the people [U]This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.
Exercise benefits our health We benefit by [from] daily exercises
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health. The plants benefited from the rain.
3. range n. _________ vt_________ vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…_________ vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains a range of pictures the annual range of temperature
a wide range of knowledge
4. all the way adv. __________, 一路上
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. all the time adv.
5. property n._________, 所有权, __________
This car is my property. Many plants have medicinal properties.
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失败，垮掉，破坏，把。。。分类，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) _____________break in _____________
break into sth_____________，break off _____________ break out_____________；break through _____________break up _____________
7. whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。
Whatever is left over is yours.You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office.She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠词。
9. pure adj. _____________, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.
pure English a pure mind It was a pure accident. by pure chance pure science
10. dense adj. _____________ 浓厚的 density n.密度 Densely populated _____________
11. mass n. _____________, 群众, 大量
adj. _____________, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds.
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air I've masses of work to do. the masses
Troops are massing on the frontier. Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
mass production a mass-circulation magazine
12. absorb vt.________
This job absorbs all of my time. to absorb the full meaning of a remark take in
He is absorbed in study. be absorbed in absorb sb.'s attention
13. give off _________
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away ______；give sb/sth back _______； give in (to sb /sth) ______； give off ____________；give out ____ give up __________；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive ___________ （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. He’s very sensitive about his weight.
She’s very sensitive to criticism. Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem
2. a variety of ___________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. He resigned for a variety of reasons.
3. contribute （sth） to ________________
contribute to ______________；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
语法：情态动词
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to （Key: C D B B）
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need Key： C
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
①-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not ey: C A
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must Key：A
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③-Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today? -Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have atterded
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended Key: B B D A
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You________ her last week.（2004年福建）
A． ought to tell B． would have told C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat Key: D C
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need Key：A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
- Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done Key: B
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ - The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do Key: D A B
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t Key: C
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might Key: A
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could Key：C
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①-Write to me when you get home. - _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② - Could I call you by your first name？ -Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might Key：C C