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高中英语句子成分教学设计

时间:2022-06-25 17:14:57 高中英语句子成分教学设计 我要投稿

高中英语句子成分教学设计

  一、基本要求

  对各学科教案的设计,都有一个基本要求。每一个教师在达到了基本要求之后,要写出学科特色和个人的教学风格来。

  ①教案中必须有:

  教学内容(教学课题)、教学目标、教学重点、教学难点、板书设计(及演示文稿.ppt)、主要教学方法、教学工具、各阶段时间分配、教学过程(五个环节)、教师活动、学生活动、各阶段设计意图、课后评价与反思等内容。

  同一个教学内容,在同一时期,不同的教师设计的教案形式可以不同。

  同一个教学内容,在不同时期,同一个教师设计的教案也会不同。

  每个人都有自己的设计方法和风格,只求基本部分相同,不求完全相同。

  教师的备课和讲课,要依据《纲要》和《课标》、依据教材,但是不能唯《纲要》和《课标》、教材,要根据该地区的情况、学校的条件、学生接受能力和水平,二次开发教材。要发挥出自我,要体现出自身的价值来,让听课的专家、领导和教师在课堂上能够“找到有悟性的您”。

  ②青年教师教案要详细,但是不能超过A4纸5页。有经验的中老年教师教案要简洁(简洁不简单),但是不能少于A4纸2页。教案要保留书面和电子两种形式,以备后期利用和检查。杜绝无教案上课,后补教案和不规范教案。

  教案的后期利用是指将旧教案复制过来。首先是改换日期时间等基本信息。然后,根据信息技术发展的情况、所授班级的情况、教学环境的变化,个人信息技术的教育教学观念的改变,个人教育教学水平和能力的提高等,将教案中的旧的东西剔除掉,加进新的教育教学观点、概念和方法,加进新的信息技术的知识和技能,加进更切合本班学生实际的例子……。最终,将旧教案改变为适合教育教学的新教案。

  ③在课堂实施的过程中,也要根据实际的课堂教学情况的变化而变化,能够灵活多变地、轻松自如地驾驭课堂,不拘于教案。

  ④设计教案目的是在上课时,给自己看的。不是给学生或是其他什么人看的。

  但是,对于同行教师进行教学交流、讨论研究的教案;对于教学领导检查教学要看的教案,对于教学设计大赛和评比的教案,对于选入《教学设计案例》的教案,一定要注意区别对待。

  对于同一节课的教学内容,不同用途的教案,可以根据不同的需求写成多种形式。既不要求个个都做成经典教案,亦不必投入太多的无谓劳动。教案可繁可简、可粗可细,但是都要认真地对待,最起码也要符合教案设计的基本要求。

  二、高中英语句子成分教学设计(精选5篇)

  句子成分分析总是和主要语法知识如谓语与非谓语,各种从句融合在一起。因此,学习句子成分实际上也是在学习英语的核心语法。下面小编为大家整理了一些优秀的高中英语句子成分教学设计(精选5篇),仅供大家浏览。

  高中英语句子成分教学设计1

  【目标要求】

  [学习目标]了解英语句子成分

  [学习重点]了解并掌握常用句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语和状语 [学习难点]能够简单的判断英语简单句的成分并能够正确造句。

  【过程方法】

  [预习导航]

  预习前,请先思考以下问题:

  Q:英语中,一个句子中有哪些主要成分?这些成分分别由什么来充当?

  试试看,你能正确划分几个句子以下句子的成分吗?

  1. I like English very much .

  2. It often rains in the south .

  3. He looks happy today .

  定义:句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

  分类:句子成分主要有六种:主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语和状语

  还有其他的补语、同位语,插入语等

  1 主语 表示句子描述的是‘谁’或‘什么’,是谓语的陈述对象。通常由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,或从句担任。 The sun rises in the east. I am a teacher.Getting up early is a good habit.

  2 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任。 We study English. He lives in Shanghai.

  3 表语 说明主语的性质或特征,由名词,形容词,副词,不定式,动名词,或从句担任。We are students. She is beautiful. He is hard working.

  4 宾语 表示及物动词或短语的对象或内容,由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,或从句担任。I love you. I teach English. He bought a book.

  宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语 I give you lessons.

  5 定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的,由形容词,代词,不定式,动名词,或从句担任。 This is a hard job. She is a beautiful girl.

  6 补语 补充说明主语或宾语的,由形容词,名词,代词担任。We made him monitor. 7 状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的。通常由副词,不定式,分词或从句担任。 He runs fast. She is very beautiful.

  8同位语 对前面的名词,代词做进一步的解释,由名词,形容词担任。This is Mr.zhou, our headmaster.

  9 插入语 对一句话做一些附加性的解释。 To be honest, I don’t agree with you.

  [预习反馈]

  [探究释疑]一、主 语

  主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,如“我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语,而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,它因此被称为宾语,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,从句等做主语

  例子:1. 名词做主语: Our school is not far from my house.

  2. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing.

  3. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job need more knowledge.

  4. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder.

  二、谓 语

  谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如: I(like)walking.我喜欢走路。(一般现在时主动语态)

  I made your birthday cake (last night).昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态)

  It is used by travelers and business (people all over the world). 全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态)

  复合谓语可分为两种情况:

  第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语:

  What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思?

  You’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。

  第二种是由系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:

  You look the same. 你(们)看起来一样. The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. 天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.

  三、宾 语

  宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语.

  英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

  说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth, careful等后也可有宾语。

  宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。

  My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)

  She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语)

  We all like him.(代词作宾语)

  Give me four.(数词作宾语)

  We all like to go to school.(不定式to go to school作like的宾语。school作to的宾 语)

  We all like swimming.(动名词作宾语)

  I think he is right.(宾语从句作宾语)

  He asked me what I was thinking about at that moment. (me作asked的宾语,

  [he asked me] 由what疑问代词引导的宾语从句作宾语)

  The book is worth reading.( 形容词worth可有宾语)

  四、表 语

  表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem等)之后。

  一. 名词作表语

  Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。

  That remains is a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。

  二. 代词作表语

  What’s your fax number?你的传真号是多少?

  Whos your best friend?你最好的朋友是谁?

  三. 形容词作表语

  I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。

  四. 数词作表语

  She was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道的人。

  五. 不定式或ing形式作表语

  Her job is selling computers.她的工作是销售电脑。

  Our next step was to get raw materials ready.

  我们下一步是把原料准备好。

  六. 介词短语作表语

  The patient is out of danger.病人脱险了。

  I don’t feel at ease.我感到不自在。

  七. 副词作表语

  The sun is up.太阳升起来了。

  I must be off now.现在我得走了。

  八. 从句作表语

  This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。

  不定式作表语

  作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

  The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐。

  Her wish is to become a singer.她的愿望是当一名歌手。

  Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

  我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。

  五、定语

  定义:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘??的’表示。

  充当定语的有:主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。 形容词作定语:

  The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。

  Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

  There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

  There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

  代词或名词所有格作定语:

  His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

  His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

  There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

  介词短语作定语:

  The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

  The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

  There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语:

  The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

  It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

  There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语:

  The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

  The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

  不定式作定语:

  The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。

  分词(短语)作定语:

  The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.

  The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

  There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

  定语从句做定语:

  The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

  There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

  六、状语

  英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

  状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

  状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

  副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

  1.副词一般在句子中做状语.

  He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.

  2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。

  I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.

  3.介词短语

  Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.

  4.从句作状语

  When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.

  5.分词作状语

  Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

  高中英语句子成分教学设计2

  I 教学内容

  英语句子八种成分

  英语简单句基本句型

  II教学目标

  1. 知识目标:学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型

  2. 能力目标:简单句基本句型的识别和运用

  3. 情感目标:通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习,为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下坚实的基础,树立起学好英语的信心。

  III教学重难点及方法

  1. 教学重点:理解英语中构成各成分的词性

  2. 教学难点:学习和运用基本句型

  3. 教学方法:explaining, discovering & practicing

  IV教学步骤

  Step1 significance

  英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成,环环相扣,相辅相成,英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置,可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候,我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组,与此同时,句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位,因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。

  学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的,并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分,学好了该部分的知识,对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助,只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型,我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子,才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。

  Step2 the sentence elements

  英语句子成分可分为8种:

  主语(subject); 谓语动词(predicate); 表语(predicative);宾语(object);宾语补足语(object complement); 定语(attribute);状语(adverbial);主语补足语(subject complement)

  一. 主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分,往往由名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。

  1. Walls have ears. →名词

  2. He will take you to the hospital.→代词

  3. Three and four is seven. →数词

  4. To see is to believe. →To do 不定时

  5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词

  6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子

  T:相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的,关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。要注意非谓语动词形式和句子作主语的情况。

  二. 谓语

  T: 谓语由什么来充当呢?

  S:动词

  T: 不错,谓语的确是由动词来充当的,具体来说是什么样的动词呢? S1:be动词和实义动词

  S2:及物动词和不及物动词

  S3:系动词和实义动词

  T:非常好,你们的回答都是正确的,谓语除了由动词构成,还可以由动词短语以及助动词/情态动词+动词来组成。

  1. Action speaks louder than words.

  2. The chance may not come again.

  3. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

  三. 表语:位于系动词之后,构成系表结构,说明主语的特质,特征,状态等。注:系动词又叫连系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作主语。

  常见的系动词:

  “状态”类:be

  “变化”类:get/become/turn/grow/go

  “感官”类:taste/smell/look/sound/fell

  “持续”类:stay/keep/remain

  其他:(似乎)seem/appear

  (证明是)prove/turn out to be

  表语常由形容词(adj.),名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,介词短语,to do不定式,句子构成。

  1. Everything here is expensive.→adj.

  2. My father is a professor. →n.

  3. Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.

  4. Three times five is fifteen. →数词

  5. The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语

  6. His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do

  7. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子

  四.宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。

  位置:一般放在动词/动词短语之后介词之后

  宾语往往由名词,代词,动名词,数词,to do不定式,句子,介词+名词充当

  1. She covered her face with her hands. →名词

  2. We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron

  3.→动名词

  4. Give me four please. →数词

  5. He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do

  6. We need to know what others are doing. →句子

  7. We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词

  五.定语:修饰名词

  位置:

  定语常由名词,名词所有格,数词,形容词,序数词,to do形式,现在分词doing和句子来充当。

  1. →n.

  2. father didn’t have a car. →名词所有格

  3. girl. →adj.

  4. →数词

  5. . →adj./序/ to do

  6. country. →doing

  7. are to sign their names here. →从句

  六.状语:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。

  1. →时间状语

  2. →地点状语

  3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam.→原因状语

  4. We’ll send a car .→目的状语

  5. 结果状语

  6. , so will I.→条件状语

  7. 让步状语

  8. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.→伴随状语

  七. 宾语补足语:英语有些及物动词(vt),接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要

  有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义,状态等。

  “宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语

  宾语常常由名词,形容词,介词短语,非谓语动词来充当

  1. →n.

  2.

  3. there.→介词短语

  4. .→to do

  5. →现在分词doing

  6. →done

  八. 主语补足语。如过上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语变成主语,原宾补→主补

  1. 2.

  Step3. Practicing

  将下列句子翻译成汉语并找出它们的主语,说出是什么词充当的主语。

  1. Little streams feed big rivers. (小河流入大江)

  2. He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑)

  3. Smoking is bad for your health. (吸烟对你的健康不利)

  4. The disabled are to receive more money. (残疾人得到了更多的救济金)

  5. Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你无论什么时候准备好都行)

  翻译下列句子并划出各部分的句子成分

  1. I am reading.

  2. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 谓语、状语

  3. All I could do was to wait.To do 作表语

  4. She is in good health. 介词短语作表语

  5. This is where I first met her. 表语从句

  6. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 主补

  7. 定语

  8. 一男一女)同位语

  9. 作同位语

  10. 宾语

  11. She likes to go to the cinema this afternoon.

  12. 宾补

  13. 宾补

  Step4 simple sentence structure

  基本句型:主语+系+表语

  主语+谓语

  主语+谓语+宾语

  主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

  主语+ 谓语+宾语+宾补

  1. 主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P

  Eg:our city is at the crossing of some important railways.

  The city will become rich.

  Practicing:

  (1) 你的故事听起来很有趣。

  (2) 把鱼放在冰箱里,否则它会变坏。

  (3) 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。

  (4) 这个计划证明是可行的。

  2. 主语+谓语(vi)

  Eg:Building has started.

  The train leaves at 7:40.

  动词副词搭配:The teacher teaches well.

  The child walks very slowly.

  动词介词搭配:The girl looked at the picture.

  The children ran to the forest.

  Practicing:

  小鸟在树上欢快的唱歌,鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏,我玩的很开心。

  3. 主语+谓语+宾语 S+V+O

  Eg: The boss employed five more workers.

  My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.

  He forgot to close the door.

  Practicing:

  (1) 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。

  (2) 他拿出一瓶啤酒,很快将其喝光。

  (3) 他许诺给我一个礼物。

  4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

  Eg: He has fetched us some new textbooks.

  Grandma cooked us a nice meal.

  The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.

  归纳:接双宾语的常见词有:ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise

  Practicing:

  (1) 顺便问一下,他把钱给你了吗?

  (2) 下学期谁教你们生物?

  (3) Mr. White 告诉我为什么出国。

  5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

  Eg:The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.

  We found him a very good pupil.

  Practicing:

  (1) 我建议他多读点书

  (2) 他修了机器。

  (3) 我们选他当班长。

  Step5. Summary

  学习英语句子中的成分并学会在句子中去划分成分,对于后期我们处理长难句非常有帮助。通过判断和划分句子成分,找到句子主干,就可以充分的,正确的理解复杂的句子。同时在写作中也不易犯语法错误,尤其是在写长句时。解决选择题也是一样,分析句子成分,明确横线处缺什么成分,应该用什么性质的词来担当该成分,那么问题就迎刃而解了。

  举例:Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ that’s I was born.”

  A. When B. how C. why D. where

  解析:很明显,that’s I was born.是一个主系表结构,缺表语,再来看I was born 是一个句子,那说明是用句子来作表语,根据意思“医院”和“我出身”是什么关系?→“我出身在这个医院”是“我出身”的地方,那么肯定是用where来引导的一个地点状语从句。

  You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different disabilities. We found the hall full.

  高中英语句子成分教学设计3

  一、定语从句的引导词

  1、一共有9个:who, whom ,whose, that,which, when,where, why,as

  与名词从句相比:定从不能由what和how引导;which的含义改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。

  2、引导词的功能有哪些?

  (1)引导定语从句

  (2)代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。(先行词在从句中不再出现)

  二、定语从句的关键

  1、首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句:

  (1)放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词,则一定是主语从句。

  (2)放及物动词后,若及物动词不是被动语态,后面一定是宾语从句;若该及物动词是被动语态,后面一般是主语从句(It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…)或状语从句。

  (3)放be动词后,后面一定是表语从句,但 “It is/was + 从句(被强调成分) + that”是强调句(强调句中“非谓语”)。

  (4)放名词后,一般是定语从句,但若该名词有“内涵/内容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion), 则很可能是同位语从句。

  (5)用逗号分开的从句,一般是状语从句或 as/which引导的定语从句,也要注意用放在句中用逗号分开的“插入语”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。

  2、其次,判断出是定语从句后可以用“三个优先”法做题:

  (1)优先选择含whose的选项,能与空格后的名词构成“某人的某物”搭配,一般就是答案;

  (2)优先选择含介词的选项,然后看该介词与从句中的谓语是否能构成符合逻辑的搭配;

  (3)用逗号分开的定从,优先考虑as和which,若该空能翻译为“一件事”而从句意思是通顺的,则放句首就用as,句末用which(若该空能翻译为“如同”“像…一样”则应用as)

  3、再次,做定语从句题可以用“三问法”来检测是否出错:

  (1)先行词本身是否为特殊的词?

  way+ in which/that/省略

  指物的不定代词:anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that

  指人的不定代词或数词:one, those, anyone, two等 + who

  既有人又有物: + that

  “抽象的地点”condition, situation,case, point + where

  “抽象的时间”one’s stay/visit + when

  在特定语境中可以作“地点/位置”理解的词:trousers/ sleeves + where

  (2)先行词前面有无特殊的词?

  有不定代词修饰:all/every/little/much+ …+ that

  有最高级/序数词修饰:the best/second … + that

  有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修饰:+ that

  有who/which疑问词:+ that(避免重复)

  有the same/ such/ as修饰:一般+ as

  (注意: ①第一个as是否为一个以as结尾的搭配,如regard…as;

  ②区分such…as(定从)与such …that“如此…以至于”)

  (3)先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分?

  注意:从句中spend后的“时间”,以及visit后的“地点”,不是状语,而是宾语,应该用不定代词

  4、只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况?

  先行词前为all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代词时;

  先行词前有:all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代词修饰时;

  先行词被序数词修饰时;

  先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;

  先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时;

  先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时;

  主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时;

  在修饰时间、地点等先行词时,只有用that代替when, where等引导词;

  【例】Ill never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.

  Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?

  先行词为reason, way (意为“方法”)时,常用that 代替why,which, in which,也可省略。

  引导词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that引导。

  先行词是主句表语时;

  【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

  当主语以there be 开头时;

  当先行词是数词时;

  同一个复合句里有两个定语从句,一个用which,另一个通常用that。

  5、reason后面用什么引导?way 后面用什么引导?

  reason后面的定语从句用why引导。

  way 后面定语从句用in which 或 that引导that可以省略。

  6、when引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?

  when引导的.定语从句等于介词+ which引导的定语从句。

  7、where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?

  where 引导的定语从句等于介词+which引导的定语从句。

  8、one of 和 the (only) one of引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么?

  前者引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数;后者用单数。

  9、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别?

  限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分,缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是对主句的进一步说明,不要从句对主句意义无多大影响;非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。而且非限制性定语从句中不能用that。

  10、as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别?

  as和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句.都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分。

  as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首,并常和know, see, expect等词连用,意为:“正如……”,而which不能位于句首。

  11、as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句?

  such... as; the same... as; so ...as..

  12、the same…as和 the same…that 引导的定语从句如何区别?

  the same…as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物,强调同类。

  the same…that引导的定语从句指的是同一物。

  13、such…as…和 such…that…如何区分?

  such…as…引导的是定语从句,as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分。

  such…that…引导的从句是状语从句,that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分,在选择填空首先看从句中是否缺句子成分,如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句;如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分。

  14、whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点?

  whose 作定语,后面跟名词。一般有三种表示形式:

  【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.

  = This is the dictionary the cover of which has comeoff.

  = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.

  15、 “介词 + 关系词” 开头的定语从句有哪几种情况?

  注意:引导定从的介词后不能加who/that

  (1)先行词在从句中做状语,用来替换when/where/why的:in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:

  (2)“of所有格”: the+名词+ of + which/whom; of + which/whom +… the+名词

  (3)“某个范围中的多少”: some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…

  (4)偶尔可用“介词+ whose”和“介词+where”

  三、关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1、who指人,在从句中做主语

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  2、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.

  【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  4、that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

  The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

  5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  (注意:the + 名词 + of which/whom常考!)

  四、介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句(重点)

  关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导:

  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

  =The school in which he once studied is very famous.

  【注意】

  1、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

  (1)This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)

  (2)This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)

  2、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

  (1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

  (2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)

  3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代词或者数词,构成some of which/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。(重点:常考!)

  (1)He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.

  (2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

  (3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

  在特定语境中,可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句

  The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.

  高中英语句子成分教学设计4

  教学建议

  能力训练

  1.通过口头练习,学会日常生活中各种表达自己观点和看法的方式。

  2.学会简单的通过表面现象分析内在缘由, 并用现实的事例进行应证,初步掌握这种文体的写作技巧。

  3. 通过35课的学习可以简单地描述一个完整的事件。

  德育渗透

  1.通过课文的学习,使得学生深层地了解地球环保这一重要主题, 让他们懂得地球环保不是一个和几个方面的事情, 而是随时随地, 方方面面, 彼此互相联系和沟通,并且影响着我们人类的生活的大问题。

  2.通过对于环保的了解,使同学们的意识增强, 认识到环境污染的严重危害性和从自身做起保护环境的必要性。

  师生互动活动

  Lesson 33:口头练习:对话交际功能——日常生活用语(给出自己的观点和看法)。

  Lesson 34:学生扮演新闻记者采访土壤沙化的当地的居民,印度的受伤的病人, 国家的环保机关的负责人询问有关课文的信息。另外可以让学生扮演俄罗斯的环保专家。

  Lesson 35:学生扮演国家历史博物馆的讲解员同时其他学生可以作为参观者询问问题,了解某种动物的发展兴衰史。

  Lesson 36:口头,笔头练习:讨论个别环保问题并汇报写出一篇小论文。

  口语建议

  可以让学生们就西北某一贫困林区毁林种庄稼的做法发表正反两方面的讨论,运用所学的口头的表达方式。

  语法建议

  可以让学生们将34和35课课文的有关过去分词作定语和表语的结构挑出,写在黑板上用学生找的现实的课文原例分析语法。

  教材分析

  从本单元的对话来看,主要是学习如何用英语表达出自己的观点和看法, 是同意还是不同意。如同意对方的观点: I think so. I agree completely. I’m with you. That’s a good idea---. I think it is great. 如果不同意: I dont know about that. I don’t think so. Sorry, but I disagree. I know what you mean, but don’t you think ---. I see your point, but I think ---. You’re right, but I think---.

  同时注重 damage, pollute, desert, in place, limit, fit, present, pour, die out, measure, go off, point to, to one’s joy 等重点词汇和短语在本单元中学习,本单元中的.阅读课主要内容是通过列举如:人为污染地球的土地,空气和水资源以及自然界对人类的报复; 动物界遭到人类的侵害,造成了生态不平衡等事例, 而达到警醒同学和世人,让同学们从小就培养一种环保意识, 维护环境生态的平衡。同时在这里运用了重点语法知识,Past Particle形式充当表语和定语的用法。

  重点知识讲解

  1. It was called “Saving the earth” and it was all about the damage that is being caused to the world.

  1) It was called(believed, thought, considered, known, said ---) that --- 可以看成是主语从句,真正的主语后致,it是形式主语。可以翻译成:据说---, 据认为---。

  It is believed that the troops have already crossed the border.

  据说军队已经越过边境。

  It is known that he is honest.( He is known to be honest.)

  听说他是一个诚实的人。

  1) damage

  n. (不可数) 损坏,损害

  The earthquake caused great damage.

  地震造成巨大的损失。

  When she sees the damage that you have done she will be mad.

  当她看到你所造成的损失,她会发疯的。

  vt. 损坏

  A heavy rain came down and damaged the crops. 一场大雨突至,损坏了庄稼。

  Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.她长时间的疾病造成了她的心脏受到了轻微的损害。

  2. We listen to lectures about pollution, agriculture, nuclear waste, radiation and so on.

  waste

  vt. 浪费

  1) Mother told me not to waste money. 母亲不让我乱花钱。

  2) Don’t waste time playing computer plays.不要浪费时间打电脑游戏。

  waste something on something/in doing something 用法与spend类似,可以让学生记成“双费(浪费和花费)”。

  n. (通常不可数) 浪费, 废物

  1) This waste of good food should not be allowed. 浪费食物是不允许的。

  2) Where do you put your kitchen waste? 你把厨房的废物放在哪里?

  3) It’s a waste of money to buy the book. 买那本书是浪费金钱。

  a waste of time/money/energy是固定表达,同a wonderful education类似。

  3. It won’t be fit for us to live in.

  fit

  adj. 适合于---的。 be fit for something:适合某事

  1) He isn’t fit for the job. 他不适宜此工作。

  2) These shoes are not fit for me. 这些鞋不适合我。

  3) The house isn’t fit for you to live in. 这间房子不适合你居住。

  be fit for somebody to do something:某人适合做某事

  4) This water is fit for drink. 这种水可以喝。

  5) It’s not fit for you to talk like that.你这样谈话是不得当的。

  adj. 健康的,精力充沛的

  6) Exercise keeps you fit. 体育运动使你保持健康。

  vt. 对--- 适合,符合,适宜合适,强调大小、尺寸

  7) This jacket fits me well. 这件夹克适合我。

  8) The key doesn’t fit the lock. 钥匙与锁不符。

  9) This theory fits facts. 这条理论适合实际。

  vi. 合适

  10) The shoes fit perfectly. 这双鞋不合适。

  11) He doesn’t fit into the team. 他不宜在队中。

  fit somebody to do something/fit somebody for something:使某人适合做某事

  12)Vocational training will fit them for a good job.

  Vocational training will fit them to get a good job. 职业的培训使他们能找到一个好工作。

  vt.安装

  12) We fitted a new lock on the door. 我们给门安上了一个新锁。

  注意suit表示的是颜色样式和款式的合适。

  The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife’s age. 这块布料的颜色适合我妻子年龄的妇女。

  Red and black are colors that suit me well.红和黑色对我来说非常合适。

  4. The area of desert in the world is growing every year.

  desert n.沙漠

  1) He drove a car across the desert. 他开车穿越了沙漠。

  vt. 抛弃、背弃

  2) He deserted his family. 他抛弃了他的家庭。

  vi. 开小差

  3) The soldier deserted from the army. 士兵们从军队中开小差跑了。

  deserted adj. 无人使用的,已废弃的

  4) The railway station was deserted. 那个火车站已经废弃不用了。

  5. Then one year, the rains fail to come.

  fail vi. 失利,失败 fail to do something 做某事没成功

  1) She failed to pass all the exams. 她考试全部失利。

  fail in something 在某事上没成功

  2) He failed in business. 他在事业上一败涂地。

  failure n. 失败 在某一方面失利介词用常用in

  3) Her failure in the exam made her cry. 在考试中的失利使她痛哭。

  6. One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle.

  limit vt. 限制

  1) We must limit our spending. 我们必须限制我们的开销。

  2) Mother limits us to eat one cake each. 母亲限制我们只能一人一块蛋糕。

  n. 限制

  3) The speed limit within the city is 35 miles per hour. 在城市里的限速是每小时35英里。

  7. When trees are cut down, there is nothing to hold the soil in place on the hillside.

  place in place 在原处

  1) She likes everything to be in place. 她喜欢将每种东西放回原处。

  2) I hope you will keep the books in place. 我希望你将书放回原处。

  in place of somebody:代替某人

  3) Will you go in place of me?你是否代替我去?

  take place:发生

  4) A car accident took place yesterday. 昨天发生了一起车祸。

  take the place of somebody:代替某人

  5) I’ll take the place of Mr. Wang. 我将代替王先生的位置。

  take one’s place:接替某人

  6) I’ll take Mr. Wang’s place. 我将接替王先生。

  8. However, many of these are dying out.

  die out vi.(火)熄灭

  1) The fire died out at last. 最后火还是熄灭了。

  vi. 绝种

  2) This kind of bird is dying out, and we must protect them. 这种鸟类已经正在灭绝,我们应该保护他们。

  9. The purpose of the trip was to record all the wildlife and plants that we could find in the forest.

  Purpose n. 目的, 通常是可数名词。目的是什么 用介词for.

  1) What was the purpose of his visit? 他来访的目的是什么?

  2) He came to Beijing for business purpose. 他来北京是有商业目的的。

  on purpose: 专门

  3) I had no doubt that she did this thing on purpose. 我毫不怀疑她做这件事是有目的的。

  10. In the afternoon, we all went off separately to look for new plants.

  Go off 动词短语

  走开

  1) She got angry and went off after she heard what I said. 听到我所说的她一生气离开了。

  响起巨大的声音

  2) Although the clock went off, he didn’t wake up.尽管闹钟暴响, 他仍然没有起来。

  熄灭

  3) The lights went off suddenly. 灯突然地熄灭了。

  腐败

  4) “The milk has gone off .” my mother said, “ and don’t drink it!” 妈妈说道:“别喝那牛奶了,它已经坏了。”

  11. He was busy measuring a plant and taking photographs of it.

  Be busy doing, keep busy doing sth. 忙于做某事。

  We are busy making preparations for the coming exam. 我们正在忙于为即将来到的考试做准备。

  measure vt. 测量

  1) The policeman measured the speed of the car. 警察测量车速。

  vt. 有……的长度,相当于系动词。

  2) The room measures 6m long. 这间房子有六米长。

  n.计量单位

  3) The meter is a measure of length. 米是一种计量单位。

  take the measure of something:测量某物的长度

  4) I take the measure of the desk following the teacher’s instructions. 我遵循老师的指令测量桌子。

  n.手段、方式

  5)They took a strong measure to deal with the workers.他们采取了强硬的手段来对付工人。

  12. 分词作为形容词时, A. 及物动词中现在分词表示主动,和动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动或动作已完成。 B. 不及物动词中现在分词表示动作在进行,过去分词表示已完成。

  例如:A:

  There are many wounded soldiers in the battlefield.

  My spoken English has greatly improved.

  Don’t sit in that broken chair. It’s dangerous.

  She is a leading figure in the Party.

  Barking dogs seldom bite.

  B:

  The risen sun, fallen leaves, retired workers, escaped prisoner , a rolling stone, boiling water, boiled water.

  另外还有一些假过去分词。如 1)“adj-noun-ed” a warm-hearted man. 2) “数词-noun-ed” The one-eyed man is hiding behind the door. 3) “数词-度量衡名称” a twenty-cent book

  分词作表语, 现在分词表示主动正在进行, 过去分词作表语表示被动已经完成。

  The day was so charming! The news is encouraging.

  The door remained locked. He seemed quite delighted at the idea. The room was packed with people.

  高中英语句子成分教学设计5

  教学目标

  通过本单元教学,使学生掌握有关提出建议或忠告的句型,对他人的一些具体问题提出自己的建议或忠告。复习有关看病的用语。通过对课文的学习,了解有关营养与卫生方面的基本常识,描写中国食谱与西方食谱之间的差异及优势。

  1.重点词汇

  examine;advise;contain;score;scores of;discuss;cause;suggestion;in (the)future;be rich in;put on weight;at the end (of);lose weight

  2.重要句型

  1)I advise you not to eat fruit that isnt ripe in future.

  2)The result is that many of them become fat.

  3)There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.

  3.语法

  学习英语中提出建议和忠告的句型

  4.日常交际用语

  a. Seeing the doctor:

  1)What can I do for you? What was the matter?

  2)Lie down and let me examine you.

  3)Ive got a pain/cough/headache.

  4)I dont feel well.

  5)Theres something wrong with……

  6)Take this medicine three times a day.

  7)Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.

  8)Take two pills now and two more in four hourstime.

  b. Making suggestions and giving advice

  1)Youd better have a good rest.

  2)I advise you to do something.

  3)I advise you not to do something.

  4)I suggest that you do…

  5)Why not do…?

  6)Why dont you do…?

  教学建议

  写作建议

  1.首先让学生们写在练习本上,然后与同组讨论,互相交换议建议。

  2.谈论书中所给出的几个题目,练习学生们看病的用语。如:

  Ive got a pain/ Theres something wrong,/I feel terrible./ I dont feel well,so on.

  课文建议

  Step1本篇课文是有关健康饮食的话题,通过对比中西方饮食的对比,让学生们能够对课文的了解,教师列表写在黑板上。(略)

  Step2通过阅读,让学生掌握一些饮食的名称,如Whats your favorite food?

  duck/ chicken/egg/peanuts/jiaozi/noodles/chocolate/cream/cakes/potato crisps/butter,etc…

  听力建议

  Step1.Preparation for listening

  让学生们准备去听听力,首先让他们看P121页的练习,使学生们能够了解练习的大概内容。

  Setp2.每一道题先放一遍,提问学生们是否听懂,大概的内容是什么。然后再放两遍,让学生们单独去做练习。

  Setp3.让学生们能够重复每一段小故事。如:Ex1.

  I was in a chemistry lesson. I was carefully looking at something on the lab table and my hair caught fire. Luckily I wasnt badly hurt .Next time Ill tie my hair back before I go into the lab. Long hair can be dangerous

  重点难点讲解

  辨析pain与ache

  相同点:两者都表示疼痛。不同点:

  pain要注意以下三个方面:

  ① 表示身体某部位不适时,属于可数名词;

  Ive a pain in my back. 我后背有点疼。

  ② 表示精神上的痛苦时,属于不可数名词;

  He gave his mother much pain by failing all the subjects. 他所有的考试不及格使他妈妈很痛苦。

  ③作“努力”、“辛苦”讲时,只用复数形式,但不能用many,few修饰。

  No pains,no gains. 不劳则无获。

  ache表“疼痛”时,其主语是身体的某部位,而不是“人”。

  My legs ache. = I have pains in my legs. 我脚疼。

  注:head,tooth,stomach(胃)与ache一起构成复合名词,如:headache(头疼),但leg,foot,hand,forehead不行。

  辨析asleep,sleepy 和sleeping

  相同点:这三个词都具有形容词性质。不同点:

  asleep意思是“睡着了,它是表语形容词,在句中只能作表语或宾语补足语,不能作定语。

  The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.

  老师发现汤姆在课上睡着了,放学后把他留了下来。

  sleepy意思是“想睡了”但并没有睡着。它可以在句中作定语。

  Im sleepy and Id like to go to bed.老想睡了,我去房间休息了。

  sleeping意思是“正在睡觉”。它可以在句中作定语。

  They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were.他们把那位正在睡觉的女孩叫醒,问她父母在哪儿。

  辨析diet与food

  相同点:diet,food都可作“食物”解。不同点:

  diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物,特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物,如病人的疗养饮食。

  The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。

  注意:diet是可数名词,常与不定冠词a连用,如:

  food是一般用法,凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都称food. food是不可数名词,但在表示食品的种类时,可以用复数。

  The doctor put him on a diet after operation.手术之后,医生规定了他的饮食。

  Too many sweet foods will make you fat.太多的甜食会使你发胖。

  辨析in the future 与 in future

  相同点:这两个短语都表示“在将来”的意思,一般可以互换。不同点:

  1)in future (= from now on)强调“从今以后/今后”,如:

  Dont do that again. Be more careful in future. 别再那样做了,今后更要注意。

  2)in the future (=time that has not come yet)侧重表示“将来某个时候/将来”,不一定就是从今立即开始,与in the past相对。

  My sister wants to be an actress in the future. 我妹妹将来想当演员。

  辨析 too much 与 much too

  1)much too具有副词功能,作程度状语,常用来修饰形容词或副词原级,意为“实在太,非常”。它不能修饰动词。

  It is much too expensive. 这实在太贵了。

  2)too much具有形容词、名词和副词的功能,可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,意为“太多、过多、过分、太厉害”。中心词为much,too用于修饰much,表示程度,用以加强语气。其用法可以归纳为以下几种:

  a. 用作形容词,修饰不可数名词;

  b. 用作副词,修饰动词,作状语。

  c. 用作名词,后常与of连用。

  d. 用作代词;

  e. 一般不单独用在be动词之后,但可用在 “be too much for sb.”结构中,表示“对某人来说太难了(受不了)”。例如:

  1)There was too much noise.(√)The noise was too much.(×)噪音太大了。

  2)She is afraid the rip will be too much for her. 她怕受不了旅途的劳累。

  3)You are asking for too much.你要的太多了。

  4)Jack thinks too much of himself.杰克太自以为是。

  It cost him too much. 他付出的代价太大了。

  辨析advise和suggest

  相同点:这二个动词都是提出建议和忠告,后面同时可接如下用法:

  1)可接名词:He advised / suggested a rest.他建议休息一下。

  2)代词:They advised / suggested nothing to us.他们对我们没有什么建议。

  3)动名词:Tom advised / suggested sending for a doctor at once.汤姆建议立即叫医生。

  4)that引导的宾语从句(that从句中用should+动词原形,should可省略,意思相近)。

  I advised / suggested that he (should)eat more fruit.我建议他应多吃水果。

  不相同点:

  advise可以接宾语+不定式短语或疑问词引导的不定式短语,而suggest不能这样用。

  The doctor advised me to rest for a week.医生建议我休息一星期。

  I suggested to hold a meeting (×)

  I suggested holding a meeting.(√)

  John suggested us to go for a walk.(×)

  John advised us to go for a walk.(√)

  辨析die of 与die from

  相同点:两者含有“由于……而死”之意,后均接名词或动词-ing形式。在因外界环境影到体内或疾病,衰弱,年迈而造成的死亡时,两者可互换。

  He died of/from overeating/hunger/cold /illness.他因为消化不良/饥饿/寒冷/疾病而死亡。

  不同点:

  die of 可用来表示因内在感情而造成的死亡,或因直接原因导致死亡,常用于以下情况:

  die of cancer/a cold/a fever/old age/sorrow/love

  die from用来表示非人体的而是环境污染,事故等造成的死亡,或者说因间接原因导致死亡,常用以下情况:

  die from polluted air /an accident/drinking too much/ a wound因污染的空气/事故/饮酒过度/受伤而死

  分析句型as much /many as…

  作“多达……程度”解。所涉及的数量如果是可数的,则用many,如果是不可数 的,则用much,如:

  You can eat as much as you like.你爱吃多少就吃多少。

  Here are plenty of magazines. Take as many as you want. 这里有大量的杂志,你要多少拿多少吧。

  分析discuss用法

  vt.讨论,商量,商讨

  1.+疑问词+to do

  Well discuss when to hold the sports meeting.我们将讨论什么时候开支运动会。

  2. +从句

  We discussed where we should go.我们讨论了我们该上哪儿去。

  n.讨论,议论

  We had a long discussion about the question.关于这个问题我们讨论了很长时间。

  cause much discussion 引起议论

  be under discussion 在讨论中。

  1.When playing football or basketball,you might be using 400 calories an hour.

  这句是状语从句中省略了主语和动词be.在表示时间、地点、条件、方式(比较)或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或其主语是it,那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(尤其是动词be)往往可以省略,如:

  连词+V-ing

  When (she was)walking along the river,she met the stranger.

  连词+V-ed

  He wont come unless (he is )invited.

  连词+adj/adv

  The news will change all our plan,if (it is )true.

  另外,在比较状语从句或方式状语从句中,可根据需要省略相同的成份。

  You can jump much higher on the moon than (you jump)on the earth.

  2.What food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy?

  该句为“特殊疑问词+do you think+其他部分构成的,用以征询对方的看法或推测等。其中的do you think 是插入语,并不影响全句结构。可以用于这一结构的动词还有believe,imagine,suppose等,如:

  Who do you think has got the first prize? 你认为谁获得了第一名?

  Which do you suppose will be taken away next? 你认为接下来被拿走的是哪一个?

  但是当think,believe,imagine,suppose等用在“think+宾语+to be”结构时,要慎重选择who(主格)或whom (宾格),试比较:

  1)Whom do you think to be the best in our class?你认为谁是我们班的学生?

  2)Who do you think will be our English teacher next term?你认为下学期谁会当我们英语教师?

  句1为“think sb. to be”结构,是对sb.表示疑问。

  句2是对I think 后宾语从句的主语表示疑问。

  表示建议和提出忠告的方法

  “建议”可以包括两个方面,即表示建议对方做某事和表示建议对方和自己一起做某事,第二种情况在现代汉语中可用“咱们”这个人称代词。“建议”有许多表达方法,有直接了当地提出自己的想法,也有转弯抹角地暗示自己的想法;有随时想起的提议,也有经过周密思考提出的建议。表达“建议”的常用方法有:

  1)用“Lets” 开头的祈使句后面接动词原形,建议对方和自己一起做某事,句尾常常加 “shall we?”,“OK” 等用于征求对方看法的词语,从而使语气缓和得多。例如:

  Lets cross over here while the lights green.

  Lets call it a day now,OK?

  Lets go upstairs,shall we?

  “Lets…,shall we?” 句型可以和 “Shall we…?” 换用,肯定回答常用 “Yes,lets…” .例如:

  —Shall we listen to some music? —Yes,lets listen to some.

  2)用 “Why dont you…” 句型建议对方做某事,可缩略为 “Why not…?”。 例如:

  Why dont you sell the car if you need money?

  Why not look in the local paper?

  3)用“How/ What about…?” 句型,表达非正式的建议,征求对方意见,多数情况下建议对方和自己一起做某事。例如:

  How about a trip to the beach on Sunday?

  What about coming across the road for a break?

  4)用suggest,suggestion等词汇表示比较正式的建议,在会议和讨论中使用较多,也常用于书面语中。例如:

  I suggest a meeting with the new members.

  I suggest trying it once more.

  I suggest (that)we (should)take the night train.

  “劝告”偏重于为对方着想,替对方出主意、想办法,或者是长辈对晚辈、师长对学生、有经验的对无经验的人讲应该做什么或怎样去做。表达“劝告”的常用方法有:

  1)“Youd better….”句型表达随便的劝告,口语中有时省略had和主语you.例如:

  Youd better take an umbrella. Its going to rain.

  Better do it yourself. Its no good depending on others.

  2)用should,ought to,might,could 等情态动词表达责任和义务。例如:

  —Please tell me which courses to take in the first term.

  —Well,you could take a history course. You might also take art course. You should certainly take a language course.

  3)用advise,advice 等词汇。例如:

  I strongly advise you to see the doctor.

  My advice is: Go to the doctor right now.

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