2024高考英语试卷

2024高考英语试卷

　　在平时的学习、工作中，我们经常跟试卷打交道，经过半个学期的学习，究竟学到了什么?需要试卷来帮我们检验。一份什么样的试卷才能称之为好试卷呢？以下是小编精心整理的2024高考英语试卷，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

　　绝密★启用前

　　2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

　　英语

　　本试卷共12页。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

　　注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

　　2. 选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。

　　3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

　　4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

　　5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

　　第一部分 听力（1—20 小题）在笔试结束后进行。

　　注意事项: 英语听力共两节,20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分。

　　第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）

　　做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

　　第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　例: How much is the shirt?

　　A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.

　　答案是 C。

　　1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What did the woman do yesterday evening?

　　A. She watched TV. B. She went shopping. C. She attended a show.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Did you watch the talent show on TV last night?

　　W: No, I missed it. I went with my mom to buy some clothes.

　　2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What is the man’s suggestion?

　　A. Taking a rest. B. Going for a coffee. C. Having a snack.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: I love this park. It’s so beautiful.

　　M: It surely is. Are you tired? Shall we stop by the lake for a few minutes?

　　W: Good idea. Let’s go to that cafe for a little refreshment.

　　3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What are the speakers mainly talking about?

　　A. A weekend plan. B. A wedding invitation. C. A business deal.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday?

　　M: Sure, but I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday?

　　W: Okay.

　　4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　Where is Barbara going tonight?

　　A. To a gym. B. To her grandma’s. C. To the doctor’s.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight?

　　W: I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma. I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.

　　5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What is Alex doing?

　　A. He’s having breakfast. B. He’s feeding a cat. C. He’s reading a book.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Alex, did you feed the cat this morning? I don’t think she can wait.

　　M: All right. After I finish this chapter, I just can’t let go of this book.

　　第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　6. Where does the conversation probably take place?

　　A. In a fitness center. B. In a sports shop. C. In a clinic.

　　7. What does the man advise the woman to do?

　　A. Buy high-quality sportswear.

　　B. Keep working out regularly.

　　C. Avoid over-exercising.

　　【答案】53. A 54. B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Miss, do you need any help?

　　W: I want to get fit, but exercise doesn’t seem to help.

　　M: What kind of exercise have you done before?

　　W: I did jogging now and then but it was so boring, so I changed to weightlifting. But it was so demanding, and I was afraid of getting injured, so I went bike riding.

　　M: Oh, I see. You need to be consistent. I suggest you do different kinds of exercise on one day or on different days of the week. This will help hold your interest, so you can keep coming back.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　8. Why does the man make the call?

　　A. To reserve a table. B. To ask about a party. C. To postpone a meeting.

　　9. What time should the man arrive on Friday evening?

　　A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 8:00.

　　10. What is the man’s name?

　　A. Brown. B. Anderson. C. Howard.

　　【答案】55. A 56. C 57. B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Hello, Brown’s Grill. How may I help you?

　　M: Hi, I’d like to book a table for Friday evening.

　　W: Okay, how many people are there in your party?

　　M: There will be six.

　　W: And what time would you like to come?

　　M: Let’s say at... 6:30.

　　W: I’m afraid we don’t have anything available then. We could see you at 5:30 or 8:00.

　　M: Oh, 8:00 is better.

　　W: Fine. May I have your name?

　　M: Yes, it’s Anderson.

　　W: Thank you. We’ll see you on Friday. By the way, we’ve moved to Howard Street.

　　M: Oh, yeah, I know. Thanks.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　11. Why does Sarah come to talk to Jacob?

　　A. To make an appointment. B. To seek his advice. C. To explain a decision.

　　12. How many people are there in Sarah’s group?

　　A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.

　　13. What is the relationship between the speakers?

　　A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.

　　【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Jacob, do you have a minute now?

　　M: Sure.

　　W: Well, it’s not easy to say, but I have to tell you, you’re not in our group for the class project.

　　M: Sarah, what do you mean? You know, I’m always in a group with you.

　　W: I know, it’s just that this time..., this time we made the group differently. And because you were late, we’ve already made the group. See, there are four of us already.

　　M: so? we can’t be a group of five?

　　W: Well, Professor North said there should be no more than four people in each group. It’s not about you or your work or anything like that.

　　M: Okay, but please count me in next time.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　14. How often does the band come to perform in the park?

　　A. Three times a year. B. Once a year. C. Every other year.

　　15. What kind of music will be played this evening?

　　A. Country music. B. Jazz. C. Rock and roll.

　　16. What will Jannie do next?

　　A. Catch a bus. B. Listen to a lecture. C. Go to the library.

　　【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Hey, Jannie, where are you going?

　　W: To the library.

　　M: There is a music concert in Victoria Park at 4 o’clock. Do you want to go?

　　W: Yes, Professor Darwin’s lecture is cancelled. I’m free this evening.

　　M: Great. The band plays pretty good music. For the last 3 years, I have never missed it.

　　W: How long ago did the band start playing in the park?

　　M: I think it was 5 years ago. Every year they arrive the first week of July and play for a week. You’re sure to enjoy this evening. There will be good country music.

　　W: My favorite is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.

　　M: I like all kinds of music, especially jazz. Oh, Jannie, we have to go now.

　　W: Why? There’s plenty of time.

　　M: Many people are heading to the park. The traffic will be terrible.

　　W: All right, but I have to return these books first.

　　M: Okay. I’ll be waiting for you at the bus station.

　　听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　17. Why did the speaker go to the hotel?

　　A. To deliver a speech.

　　B. To arrange a conference.

　　C. To interview Mr. Rochester.

　　18. What did Mr. Rochester do soon after he bought the hotel?

　　A. He talked with the staff members.

　　B. He had the old carpets replaced.

　　C. He ran a six-month training project.

　　19. What did Susan do when she met Mr. Rochester the second time?

　　A. She was a cleaner. B. She was a secretary. C. She was a receptionist.

　　20. What does the speaker think is key to Mr. Rochester’s success?

　　A. Managing time efficiently.

　　B. Valuing human relationships.

　　C. Possessing a good memory.

　　【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. This lesson is a part of our leadership series. Let me start by sharing a story of Richard Rochester, one of the most successful businessmen in Britain. Years ago, I was given the task of organizing a conference in the south of England. I chose a five-star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue. Susan, the receptionist, helped me arrange everything perfectly. Once when we were chatting, I asked Susan if she’d ever met Mr. Rochester. She said yes. Shortly after Mr. Rochester bought the hotel, he made an appointment to see the hotel manager. When he arrived, the first person he met was Susan, who was cleaning the carpet. He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. He spent all day at the hotel talking with each member of the staff, from the top guy to the lady who cleaned the toilets. Six months later, Mr. Rochester paid another visit. Susan had been promoted to receptionist, but he recognized her immediately and addressed her by name. He even remembered that she had a little girl and what her name was. Now, I don’t believe that Richard Rochester has that good memory. He must have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. It’s time-consuming, but it shows the importance he places on human relationships. I think that’s one of the secrets of his success.

　　第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）

　　第一节（共15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5分）

　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers

　　The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.

　　Walk 1 — The Natural World

　　With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.

　　Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00

　　Start Point: Scratoes Bridge

　　Walk Duration: 6 hours

　　Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking

　　Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.

　　Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00

　　Start Point: Deerpark Car Park

　　Walk Duration: 5 hours

　　Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars

　　Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.

　　Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30

　　Start Point: The Town Hall

　　Walk Duration: 3 hours

　　Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest

　　This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.

　　Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45

　　Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area

　　Walk Duration: 1.5 hours

　　1. Which walk takes the shortest time?

　　A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.

　　C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.

　　2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?

　　A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.

　　C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.

　　3. What do the four walks have in common?

　　A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.

　　C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.

　　【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。

　　【1题详解】

　　细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。

　　【2题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。

　　【3题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。

　　B

　　Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.

　　Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.

　　“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”

　　It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.

　　Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”

　　Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?

　　Trost thinks so.

　　“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.

　　And you’ll never be without something to read.

　　4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?

　　A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.

　　C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.

　　5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?

　　A. By popularity. B. By length.

　　C. By theme. D. By language.

　　6. What has Trost been doing recently?

　　A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.

　　C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.

　　7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?

　　A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.

　　C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.

　　【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。

　　【4题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。

　　【5题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。

　　【6题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。

　　【7题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。

　　C

　　We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.

　　BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.

　　Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.

　　Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.

　　BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.

　　8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?

　　A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.

　　C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.

　　9. What information does the convenient app offer?

　　A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.

　　C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.

　　10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?

　　A. They have a great passion for sports.

　　B. They are devoted to community service.

　　C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.

　　D. They have a strong environmental awareness.

　　11. What does the text mainly talk about?

　　A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.

　　C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.

　　【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。

　　【8题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。

　　【9题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。

　　【10题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。

　　【11题详解】

　　主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。

　　D

　　Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).

　　In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.

　　As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.

　　Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.

　　AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.

　　12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

　　A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.

　　C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.

　　13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?

　　A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.

　　C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.

　　14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?

　　A. Observe existing regulations on it.

　　B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.

　　C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.

　　D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.

　　15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.

　　C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.

　　【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。

　　【12题详解】

　　词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。

　　【13题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。

　　【14题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。

　　【15题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的`新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。

　　第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）

　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?

　　Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.

　　●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___

　　●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?

　　●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.

　　Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.

　　A. Visit during off-peak times.

　　B. So, should we stop traveling?

　　C. Travel for you and no one else.

　　D. Can overtourism be avoided then?

　　E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.

　　F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.

　　G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.

　　【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。

　　【16题详解】

　　前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。

　　【17题详解】

　　前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。

　　【18题详解】

　　前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。

　　19题详解】

　　空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。

　　【20题详解】

　　前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。

　　第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）

　　第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didnt think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner.

　　During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. Its these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.

　　As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.

　　21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle

　　22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened

　　23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match

　　24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised

　　25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test

　　26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed

　　27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order

　　28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties

　　29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth

　　30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale

　　31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait

　　32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for

　　33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied

　　34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities

　　35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified

　　【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。

　　【21题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent租金；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。

　　【22题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。

　　【23题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。

　　【24题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。

　　【25题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。

　　【26题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。

　　【27题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。

　　【28题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。

　　【29题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指做这是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。

　　【30题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。

　　【31题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。

　　【32题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。

　　【33题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented 代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。

　　【34题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。

　　【35题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。

　　第二节（共10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.

　　Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”

　　A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.

　　Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.

　　___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”

　　【答案】36. who

　　37. themes 38. were

　　39. to 40. inspired

　　41. was built

　　42. visibility

　　43. to find

　　44. Recalling

　　45. and

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。

　　【36题详解】

　　考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。

　　【37题详解】

　　考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。

　　【38题详解】

　　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。

　　【39题详解】

　　考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。

　　【40题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。

　　【41题详解】

　　考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。

　　【42题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。

　　【43题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。

　　【44题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。

　　【45题详解】

　　考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。

　　第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）

　　第一节（满分15分）

　　46. 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

　　（1）你完成的作品；

　　（2）你的感想。

　　注意：

　　（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear Chris

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.

　　In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。

　　【详解】1. 词汇积累

　　决定：decide→determine

　　整个的：entire→whole

　　提供：offer→provide

　　总之：in a word→in short

　　2. 句式拓展

　　简单句变复合句

　　原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引导的定语从句)

　　[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句)

　　第二节（满分25分）

　　47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

　　I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

　　That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.

　　Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.

　　Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

　　At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."

　　注意：

　　（1）续写词数应为150个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】参考范文

　　Para 1

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.

　　Para 2

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。

　　【详解】1.段落续写：

　　①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。

　　②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。

　　2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友

　　3.词汇激活

　　行为类

　　①拒绝：reject/refuse

　　②给某人拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb.

　　③记下，写下：write down/set down

　　情绪类

　　①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably

　　②开心地：happily/joyfully

　　【点睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）

　　【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句）

　　2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）

　　英语

　　姓名________________ 准考证号________________

　　全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

　　考生注意：

　　1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

　　2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

　　第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）

　　做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

　　第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　例：How much is the shirt?

　　A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.

　　答案是C。

　　1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What is Kate doing?

　　A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　原文】M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.

　　W: Thats okay. Bob and I are glad you came to see us.

　　M: Oh, I have to go in. My flight will take off soon. Do contact me when youre in Sydney.

　　W: Sure, we will.

　　2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What are the speakers talking about?

　　A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Paul, listen to the radio. Its Youve Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.

　　M: Yeah, how beautiful! Its been popular for almost two decades.

　　3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What will the speakers do today?

　　A. Go to an art show. B. Meet the mans aunt. C. Eat out with Mark.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: David, forget about Mark. His aunt is in town, so he cant go with us today.

　　M: Oh, what a pity! Its the last day of the art show.

　　4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What does the man want to do?

　　A. Cancel an order. B. Ask for a receipt. C. Reschedule a delivery.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: How may I help you?

　　M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.

　　W: Yes, what’s the problem?

　　M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.

　　5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　When will the next train to Bedford leave?

　　A. At 9:45. B. At 10:15. C. At 11:00.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Next, please.

　　M: Oh, hi, I missed my 9 oclock train to Bedford. Do I have to buy another ticket?

　　W: No. The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.

　　M: Thank you.

　　第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　6. What will the weather be like today?

　　A. Stormy. B. Sunny. C. Foggy.

　　7. What is the man going to do?

　　A. Plant a tree. B. Move his car. C. Check the map.

　　【答案】6. A 7. B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Honey, have you checked todays weather forecast?

　　M: Yes, its cold and wet. There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.

　　W: What are we going to do then?

　　M: Nothing much. Just stay indoors. There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.

　　W: Right.

　　M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.

　　W: I hope its over quickly.

　　M: Well, it wont get better until late Wednesday. Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.

　　W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　8. Why is Kathy in California now?

　　A. She is on vacation there. B. She has just moved there. C. She is doing business there.

　　9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?

　　A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter.

　　10. What does Kathy thank Dave for?

　　A. Finding her a new job. B. Sending her a present. C. Calling on her mother.

　　【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Hello, Dave. This is Kathy from Sunny California.

　　M: Hi, Kathy. You finally called. How was the move? All settled in?

　　W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month. We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.

　　M: Yeah, I understand. How are Jeff and the children?

　　W: Jeff is doing well with his new job. Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do. Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma. By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time. I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.

　　M: No problem. Betty and I are friends now. How is the weather there?

　　W: It’s nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.

　　M: That’s great.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child?

　　A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus.

　　12. What is Jacks attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?

　　A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding.

　　13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?

　　A. Overprotecting their children.

　　B. Pushing their children too hard.

　　C. Having no time for their children.

　　【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?

　　M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day. Why?

　　W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school. Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.

　　M: I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.

　　W: You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills. Some parents are just being over-protective with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything. Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?

　　A. To keep records of her progress.

　　B. To sell home-grown vegetables.

　　C. To motivate her fellow gardeners.

　　15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?

　　A. They need no special care.

　　B. They can be used in cooking.

　　C. They bear a lot of fruit soon.

　　16. What is difficult for Marie to grow?

　　A. Herbs. B. Carrots. C. Pears.

　　17. What is Maries advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?

　　A. Aim high. B. Keep focused. C. Stay optimistic.

　　【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: So Aurie, your kitchen garden looks excellent. What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?

　　W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievements and keeping me motivated and moving forward. As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.

　　M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land. Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?

　　W: Strawberries would be a good choice. They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.

　　M: Thats cool. Well, do you have plans to try newor any particular crops next year?

　　W: Next season I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area. I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. After a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.

　　M: What advice would you offer someone thinkingof doing kitchen gardening?

　　W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like. Dont be too discouraged if things dont go according to plan. Learn from your mistakes and move on. Theres always next season.

　　听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　18. What is "Life of Johnson"?

　　A. A magazine column. B. A TV series. C. A historical novel.

　　19. What is Johnson famous for?

　　A. His acting talent. B. His humorous writing. C. His long sports career.

　　20. When did Johnson join Sports Times?

　　A. In 1981. B. In 1983. C. In 1985.

　　【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Welcome to Meet the Author. Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnsons weekly article under the title Life of Johnson, the articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet. Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at the Denver Weekly for 2 years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times. He has been voted national sports writer of the year 11 times. So now lets welcome the funny man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.

　　第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

　　第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

　　Help restore and protect Marins natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. Well explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.

　　GROUPS

　　Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.

　　AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING

　　Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.

　　Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.

　　Well be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.

　　Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

　　No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.

　　UPCOMING EVENTS

　　Time Meeting Location

　　Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead

　　Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot

　　Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead

　　21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

　　A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.

　　C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.

　　22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?

　　A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.

　　23. What are the volunteers expected to do?

　　A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.

　　C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.

　　【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。

　　【21题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。

　　【22题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。

　　【23题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。

　　B

　　“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.

　　Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.

　　Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.

　　Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”

　　24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?

　　A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.

　　25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

　　A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.

　　C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.

　　26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

　　A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.

　　C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

　　27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

　　A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.

　　C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.

　　【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。

　　【24题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。

　　【25题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。

　　【26题详解】

　　主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。

　　【27题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。

　　C

　　Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.

　　When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

　　The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

　　But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

　　Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.

　　Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.

　　28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?

　　A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.

　　C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.

　　29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

　　A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.

　　C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.

　　30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

　　A. They can hold students attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.

　　C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.

　　31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

　　A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

　　B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

　　C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

　　D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

　　【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。

　　【28题详解】

　　词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。

　　【29题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。

　　【30题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。

　　【31题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。

　　D

　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.

　　“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

　　Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

　　“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.

　　Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.

　　What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

　　“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”

　　32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?

　　A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.

　　C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.

　　33. What does Daru’s study focus on?

　　A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.

　　C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.

　　34. What has led to the biases according to the study?

　　A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

　　C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.

　　35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?

　　A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.

　　C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.

　　【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。

　　【32题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。

　　【33题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。

　　【34题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。

　　【35题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的.研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。

　　第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, its vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.

　　I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but Im old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.

　　____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.

　　In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, its not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, theres nothing better.

　　For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

　　A. I dont often use this dictionary.

　　B. It takes no account of the context.

　　C. But I still dont want to replace them.

　　D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

　　E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.

　　F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

　　G. Dictionaries dont always give you enough information.

　　【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。

　　【36题详解】

　　上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。

　　【37题详解】

　　上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。

　　【38题详解】

　　下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。

　　【39题详解】

　　下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。

　　【40题详解】

　　上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。

　　第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

　　第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.

　　When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!

　　So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____50____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____51____. That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.

　　I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.

　　41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit

　　42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently

　　43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training

　　44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved

　　45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence

　　46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason

　　47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with

　　48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved

　　49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked

　　50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice

　　51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges

　　52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped

　　53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing

　　54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried

　　55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests

　　【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。

　　【41题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。

　　【42题详解】

　　考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。

　　【43题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。

　　【44题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。

　　【45题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。

　　【46题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。

　　【47题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only 6 Id ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。

　　【48题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。

　　【49题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。

　　【50题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。

　　【51题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。

　　【52题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。

　　【53题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　　12　　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。

　　【54题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　15　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。

　　【55题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。

　　第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.

　　The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.

　　Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.

　　The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.

　　【答案】56. engineering

　　57. functional

　　58. to give

　　59. closed 60. walks

　　61 the 62. favorites

　　63. as 64. which##that

　　65. richness

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。

　　【56题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。

　　【57题详解】

　　考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。

　　【58题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。

　　【59题详解】

　　考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。

　　【60题详解】

　　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。

　　【61题详解】

　　考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。

　　【62题详解】

　　考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。

　　【63题详解】

　　考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。

　　【64题详解】

　　考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。

　　【65题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。

　　第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

　　第一节 （满分15分）

　　66. 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

　　（1）你完成的作品；

　　（2）你的感想。

　　注意：

　　（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.

　　In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。

　　【详解】1. 词汇积累

　　决定：decide→determine

　　整个的：entire→whole

　　提供：offer→provide

　　总之：in a word→in short

　　2. 句式拓展

　　简单句变复合句

　　原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引导的定语从句)

　　[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句)

　　第二节 （满分25分）

　　67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

　　I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

　　That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.

　　Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.

　　Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

　　At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."

　　注意：

　　（1）续写词数应为150个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】参考范文

　　Para 1

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.

　　Para 2

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。

　　【详解】1.段落续写：

　　①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。

　　②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。

　　2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友

　　3.词汇激活

　　行为类

　　①拒绝：reject/refuse

　　②给某人拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb.

　　③记下，写下：write down/set down

　　情绪类

　　①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably

　　②开心地：happily/joyfully

　　【点睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）

　　【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句）

　　2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）

　　英语学科

　　第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）

　　第一节（共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　1. Where are the speakers going?

　　A. A new restaurant. B. A convenience store. C. Their office.

　　2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?

　　A. On Thursday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday.

　　3. Why does the woman make the call?

　　A. To check the price. B. To make an apology. C. To cancel her order.

　　4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

　　A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Salesperson and customer.

　　5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

　　A. Their move to a new place. B. Toms friends at school. C. A sports center.

　　第二节（共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6 段材料, 回答第6、7题。

　　6. What does the girl tell her dad?

　　A. She decides to quit college.

　　B. She worries about her academic ability.

　　C. She is unpopular with her classmates.

　　7. How does the father help his daughter?

　　A. By telling a funny joke. B. By sharing his own story. C. By planning a school tour.

　　听第7段材料, 回答第8 至 10题。

　　8. Who is the man?

　　A. A researcher. B. A bird watcher. C. A radio host.

　　9. When do birds sing quieter?

　　A. On weekend mornings. B. During rush hours. C. In early evenings.

　　10. What is Dr. Zollinger going to do next?

　　A. Summarize her studies. B. Play some recordings. C. Answer more questions.

　　听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。

　　11. Where was Jena born?

　　A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In Australia.

　　12. How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?

　　A. Five. B. Six. C. Ten.

　　13. What do we know about Mikes parents?

　　A. They enjoy living abroad.

　　B. They first met at the age of 20.

　　C. They will start their own company.

　　听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。

　　14. What is the first question to Mr. Green about?

　　A. His adventure in space. B. His physical condition. C. His doctors advice.

　　15. How does Mr. Green feel about traveling to Mars?

　　A. Its unlikely to happen.

　　B. Its physically demanding.

　　C. Its a chance not to be missed.

　　16. Which is Mr. Greens favorite movie?

　　A. Apollo 13. B. Blue Earth. C. Space Station.

　　听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。

　　17. What is the speaker doing?

　　A. Giving a report.

　　B. Introducing a musical play.

　　C. Making an announcement.

　　18. What are the students expected to do?

　　A. Carry school flags. B. Wear fun clothes. C. Design fancy masks.

　　19. Where can the parents stand and watch?

　　A. On the sidewalk. B. On the playground. C. In front of the office.

　　20. What should the students do if they dont take part?

　　A. Let their teacher know. B. Stay in the lecture hall. C. Do some reading.

　　参考答案

　　1-5ACBCA 6-10 BBCAB

　　11-15 ABABC 16-20ACBCA

　　听力原文

　　(Text 1)

　　W: Look, we have time for hamburgar at this former restaurant.

　　W: Forget that. I know a new restaurant on Maple Street not far from our company. Is that okay with you？

　　M: Perfect.

　　(Text 2)

　　M: Hi，Vicky. I remember our class presentation is on Wednesday，but you said its on Thursday. Are you sure？

　　W: Sorry. It was a slip of the tongue. I meant Tuesday for sure.

　　(Text 3)

　　M: Allens furniture. Can I help you？

　　W: Hi. Im the one who asked about the price of a glass tea table top. Just now Im sorry，I made a mistake. The size should be 75 centimeters by 50 centimeters.

　　M: Oh. Thatll make a difference in the price. Hold on and let me find out.

　　(Text 4)

　　W: These are our new arrivals. Every man should own at least one woollen sweater. Dont you think？

　　M: I agree. Any suggestions？

　　W: The one with two pockets sells best this year？Lightweight and stylish. Would you like to try it on？

　　(Text 5)

　　W: How do you like your school,Tom？

　　M: Oh, I like it a lot and I also like the area. The nearby recreation center is cool. Thank you，mom.

　　W: What really leaves you happy with your new home？

　　(Text 6)

　　W: I dont know if I want to go to college，I dont think Ill do very well there，

　　M: Why not？

　　W: Because Im not smart.

　　M: Ye, It can be scary.

　　W: Did you ever come close to dropping out, Dad？

　　M: No. But I worried a lot before I went，I thought college would be full of brains. Once I got there，I found out that most of the kids were just like me.

　　(Text 7)

　　M: Hello，listeners. People around the world are reporting that birds are much louder these days. Now Ive connected with doctor salinger and lets hear what she will say.

　　W: We feel that theyre singing louder because they sing in typically noisy places. But when the noise is gone，they sing quieter than they normally do.

　　M: In other words，birds are like us in a noisy bar，for example，people will raise their voices.

　　W: Exactly. We know that birds sing quieter on the weekend mornings.

　　(Text 8)

　　M: Hi. I dont think weve met before. Im Mike.

　　W: Hi，Mike. My name is Gina. Nice to meet you.

　　M: Nice to meet you，Gina. Where do you come from？

　　W: Originally Im from Canada，but we moved to australia when I was about 5 years old now. My parents live in Tokyo. How about you, Mike？

　　M: I was born in Glasgow and we lived there until I was six. Then since my father worked for an international trade company，we moved all over the place.

　　W: Yeah. Where are some of the places youve lived？

　　M: Most of the time we lived abroad？We spent a total of 10 years in Japan，Germany and Korea. We came back to the UK only 2 years ago，but I think my parents would prefer to stay overseas for another 20 years.

　　W: Wow. It sounds like youve had an interesting life.

　　(Text 9)

　　W: Good morning. Welcome the space hero, Mr Green to my studio.

　　M: Hello. Maria. Hello，my dear friends.

　　W: Well. Lets start from the first question I collected from the audience. Did you have any moments of dizziness since he landed back on the earth.

　　M: The first 3 days back were pretty tough. Your body system is all messed up. So you feel dizzy. Its quite normal，though.

　　W: Thanks. Another question. Would you go for the first manned Mars travel, If you have the chance？

　　M: Absolutely. A trip to Mars is hugely exciting. Im always ready for it.

　　W: I know you can watch movies on the space station. Whats your favorite space movie？Some people asked.

　　M: Apollo 13 is probably my top one. My sons love blue earth. It was brilliant watching the new movie on board the space station.

　　(Text 10)

　　W : Our next dress up day will be on friday，October 28th， and it is our annual dress up day. On this day，students may dress up in fun clothes and there will be a march around the school. Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such as knives and swords. Please make sure that you can see and breathe easily if you wear masks. Parents are invited to watch the event but are asked to stand either in front of the office near the flagpole or in the grassy courtyard，the students will be marching around on the sidewalks. So we do need to keep all sidewalks clear. Parents and friends may also join in the march if they are dressed in appropriate clothes. But if youre just watching，wed like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams. Students who do not wish to take part in the event for religious or other reasons should inform their teacher and they will be allowed to stay in the office until after the event.

　　第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）

　　第一节（共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）

　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard communitys artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.

　　Light Awash in Watercolor

　　Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.

　　Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity

　　From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of natures most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.

　　Wheel Throwing

　　Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potters wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!

　　Knitting and Pom-Pom Making

　　Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).

　　1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?

　　A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.

　　C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.

　　2. Which program will you join if youre interested in drawing pictures?

　　A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.

　　C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.

　　3. What can you do together with Javier Marin?

　　A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts.

　　C Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates.

　　【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。

　　【1题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。

　　【2题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。

　　【3题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。

　　B

　　Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and youre able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.

　　Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. Thats why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they dont usually like.

　　Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit thats been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that its been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!

　　4. What can be learned about cats meowing from the first paragraph?

　　A. Its a survival skill. B. Its taught by mother cats.

　　C. Its hard to interpret. D. Its getting louder with age.

　　5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?

　　A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.

　　C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.

　　6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?

　　A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.

　　7. What is a suitable title for the text?

　　A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cats Behavior

　　C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy

　　【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。

　　【4题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。

　　【5题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。

　　【6题详解】

　　词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。

　　【7题详解】

　　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。

　　C

　　The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

　　“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.

　　Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.

　　The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.

　　Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”

　　8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?

　　A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.

　　C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.

　　9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?

　　A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.

　　C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.

　　10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?

　　A. About a year. B. About ten months.

　　C. About two months. D. About two weeks.

　　11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?

　　A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.

　　【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。

　　【8题详解】

　　细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。故选C。

　　【9题详解】

　　推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。

　　【10题详解】

　　细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。

　　【11题详解】

　　推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。

　　【点睛】

　　D

　　“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.

　　This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.

　　But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending thats unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.

　　That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.

　　This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.

　　12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?

　　A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.

　　C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.

　　13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?

　　A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.

　　B. Readers are often carried away by character.

　　C. Each type of literature has its unique end.

　　D. A story which begins well will end well.

　　14. What is expected of a good ending?

　　A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.

　　C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.

　　15. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?

　　A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.

　　C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.

　　【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。

　　【12题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。

　　【13题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。

　　14题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。

　　【15题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。

　　【点睛】

　　第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分）

　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesnt mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.

　　Take your time. Its important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.

　　Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. Its more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____

　　Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.

　　____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when youre most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.

　　A. Eat properly throughout the day.

　　B. We dont always eat just to satisfy hunger.

　　C. Dont swallow a meal on the way to work.

　　D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.

　　E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.

　　F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.

　　G. That wont lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.

　　【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。

　　【16题详解】

　　上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。

　　【17题详解】

　　根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的'东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。

　　【18题详解】

　　上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。

　　【19题详解】

　　根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。

　　【20题详解】

　　设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。

　　第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）

　　第一节（共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.

　　Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.

　　My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships like she did. Ive never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.

　　21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall

　　22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now

　　23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced

　　24. A. work B. school C. court D. press

　　25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged

　　26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework

　　27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach

　　28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea

　　29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely

　　30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical

　　31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class

　　32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue

　　33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value

　　34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms

　　35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar

　　36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful

　　37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for

　　38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication

　　39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk

　　40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive

　　【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。

　　【21题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。

　　【22题详解】

　　考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。

　　【23题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。

　　【24题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。

　　【25题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。

　　【26题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D.housework家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。

　　【27题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。

　　【28题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。

　　【29题详解】

　　考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。

　　【30题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。

　　【31题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。

　　【32题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。

　　【33题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。

　　【34题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐着。故选C。

　　【35题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。

　　【36题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。

　　【37题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。

　　【38题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。

　　【39题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead 领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。

　　【40题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。

　　第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.

　　What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ____48____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.

　　【答案】41. to catch

　　42. treasures

　　43. what 44. were

　　45. be done

　　46. its 47. for

　　48. completion

　　49. largest

　　50. which

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。

　　【41题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。

　　【42题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。

　　【43题详解】

　　考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。

　　【44题详解】

　　考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。

　　【45题详解】

　　考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。

　　【46题详解】

　　考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

　　【47题详解】

　　考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。

　　【48题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。

　　【49题详解】

　　考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。

　　【50题详解】

　　考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。

　　第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）

　　第一节短文改错（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）

　　51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

　　2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.

　　【答案】1. but→and

　　2. me→mine

　　3. packing→packed

　　4. A→An

　　5. straight后加 to

　　6. greatly → great

　　7. here → there

　　8. enjoyed →enjoyable

　　9.去掉this

　　10. shared→share

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者看了一个关于重庆火锅节目后和一个朋友去那里一日游的经历。

　　【详解】1. 考查连词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。前后句之间为顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。故将but改成and。

　　2. 考查代词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。介词of后接是名词性物主代词作宾语。故将me改成mine。

　　3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的快车上挤满了乘客。be packed with“挤满”，pack与train是被动关系。故将packing改成packed。

　　4. 考查冠词。句意：一位服务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。名词attendant 发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故将A改成An 。

　　5. 考查介词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。固定短语go straight to“径直前往”。故在straight后加 to。

　　6. 考查形容词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。tasted是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故将greatly 改成 great 。

　　7. 考查代词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。描述刚刚到达的餐馆，用there指代上文提到的餐馆。故将here 改成 there。

　　8. 考查形容词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。more后接形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。故将enjoyed 改成enjoyable。

　　9. 考查定语从句。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句。先行词为everything，在定语从句中作宾语，省略关系代词that，从句中this多余。故去掉this。

　　10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。不定式to后接动词原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故将shared改成share。

　　第二节书面表达（满分25分）

　　52. 英语课要求做课堂展示, 请你根据所给图片，以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。

　　注意:

　　1. 词数 100 左右;

　　2. 题目和首句已为你写好。

　　Development of Transport in China

　　From the vehicle of horses to todays convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.

　　___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】

　　Development of Transport in China

　　From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous development. Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.

　　Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high- speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.

　　In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据所给图片，以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。

　　【详解】1.词汇激活

　　提供：offer→provide

　　极大地：dramatically→tremendously

　　减少：reduce→decrease

　　总之：in short→in a nutshell

　　2.句式拓展

　　简单句变复合句

　　原句：Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.

　　拓展句：Firstly, shared bicycles, which offer an affordable and green alternative for short trips have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility.

　　【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(运用了现在分词作状语)

　　【高分句型2】These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(运用了that引导的定语从句)

　　1—5 ACBCA 6—10 BBCAB 11—15 ABABC 16—20 ACBCA

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