英语教学课件参考
篇一：英语教学法课件
20080351045
英语教学法课件
Friends for Life
—Joyce Brothers
Even though “friend” is a term of endearment used to describe many people in our lives, we often have a hard time knowing what the term means. Psychologists identify friends as those who accept each other, confide in each other and feel responsible for each other.
In our transient cultures, we depend more on friends for things we once got from families-emotional support and often even financial help. With so many people living away from their families, and so many people single into their thirties, friends provide essential companionship.
Friends can occur any place-even (surprise!) in a marriage. This was the case with me. I met and fell in love with Milton Brothers at university. He became my husband soon after, and we were together 39 years-until he died at the age of 62.
He was my best friend, and I still miss him desperately. Since he died, my sister, with whom I fought fiercely when we were younger, has
become one of my best friends. And I’m also very close to my only daughter, Lisa
Friends ranks with marriage and kinship as one of the most important relationships in our lives, yet it can be the most neglected. Friendship outside familial ties or marriage plays such an important role in life because with a friend, we can be the person we want to be. Their acceptance affirms that self and lets us develop as individuals.
We make no vows to a best friend, yet we have unstated expectations: understanding, caring, concern. We expect a friendship to last.
Most of us have been making friends since childhood, so we tend to think the process is instinctual. Then we find that the heart of friendship-how to make the relationship blossom, grow and survive-requires more attention and skill than we thought. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, “the only way to have a friend is to be one.”
Becoming friends involves a process of sharing, a gradual relaxation of vigilance over what partners reveal to each other about themselves. Friends must learn to balance the inclination to be open with the need to be protective of each other’s feelings. A best-friendship gets out of balance when the intensity becomes too one-sided. Total disclosure isn’t what makes intimacy in a relationship; it’s the listening and sharing.
Increasing numbers of people are finding that gender doesn’t matter when it comes to friendship, as the sexes mingle more often today.
Making friends with someone of the opposite sex can be an eye-opening experience. Michael told me what he discovered: ”I was working on the assembly line with Marcia, just as I would with a guy. And she kept pointing out how patronizing I was, offering to do the work for her because I felt she was less capable.
Then Michael realized he was hearing the same complaint from his girlfriend. So he invited Marcia out for a beer and they talked. “I learned about today’s women from her. What I knew about women I’d learned from my father. I was a generation behind the times. Now I’m married to the girlfriend I had when I met Marcia, and I’m indebted to her for that. She and I are still good friends. Marcia and my wife are friends, too.”
Can you fix a broken friendship? If you feel a close friend has hurt you, it’s worthwhile to sit down and say, “If I didn’t care about you, I’d just shrug my shoulders and go my own way. But since I do care, I’d like to straighten this out.” Then calmly talk about what has happened. You might find it’s just a misunderstanding.
I can’t say I headed a broken friendship with my sister-our sibling rivalry was nothing unusual. But since Milton died, she and I found each other again, and it means a lot to me. The longer I live, the more important it is to feel connected. And that is what we do through friends.
Near the end of his battle with cancer, Milton sent me to see our new grand-daughter. I held her and kissed her for both of us. When I told
Milton I’d done this, he said, “I’ll always be with you, because part of me is in her, in each of our grandchildren.” He died a day or so later. I have four grandchildren now, and what Milton said is true. I take them, one by one, on adventures all over the world, and each time I find new friendships. And Milton, my best friend, is always with me.
endearment: n.表示爱慕的话语；亲热的表示
term: n.专业词语；术语；措辞
1. Psychologists identify friends as those who accept each other, confide in each other and feel responsible for each other.
Paraphrase: Psychologists regard friends as those who accept each other, trust each other and be responsible for each other.
心理学家将朋友定义为彼此接受对方，相信对方并对彼此负责的人。
Identify…as: to find out exactly what sth. is 把…确认为…
transient: adj.短暂的；片刻的；转瞬即逝的
companionship: n.伙伴关系; 友情,友谊
2. In our transient cultures, we depend more on friends for things we once got from families-emotional support and often even financial help. Paraphrase: In our cultures in which things change quickly, we get more things from friends, like emotional support and even financial support, which we got from families before.
在这个瞬息万变的时代，我们更加依赖朋友，从朋友处获得一些以前我们从家人那儿得到的东西，比如说，情感支持，甚至经济援助。
desperately: adv.极其; 绝望地; 不顾一切地,拼命地
rank: v.分等级; n军衔, 职衔; 地位; 社会阶层; 排; 横列; 行列
kinship: n.亲属关系; 亲切感
neglect: v.忽略; 不予重视
familial: v.家庭的,家族的
affirm: v.肯定(某事)属实; 申明; 断言
3. Friends ranks with marriage and kinship as one of the most important relationships in our lives, yet it can be the most neglected.
Paraphrase: Friendship, together with marriage and family relationship, is one of the most important relationships in our lives, but sometimes we overlook it and pay very little attention to it.
友谊, 同婚姻和亲情一样，是我们一生中最重要的关系之一。
vow: n.(尤指宗教的)誓言,誓言
tend to: 趋向,走向,倾向,趋于
instinctual: 本能的(而非习得)的
blossom: v.变得更加健康(或自信，成功)
4. Then we find that the heart of friendship-how to make the relationship blossom, grow and survive-requires more attention and skill
篇二：上班族专用英语学习法
洛基提醒：英语学习已经进入互联网时代
对于上班族来说，总有一些外语情结--学英语是有用的，扔了可惜，但毕业好几年了，捡又不知从哪儿开始。那么上班族到底该怎样学英语呢？又有什么样的方法和窍门？
大多人学英语是多次放弃、重来；再放弃，再重来。开始都是怀着积极的心态，投入到英语学习的战斗中去。然而，学着学着，就感觉要"坚持"不住了，想要放弃。开始总是找不到解决的办法，为此而郁闷。后来才发现解决这样的问题其实并不难。 来源：考试大的美女编辑们
要学会精神转移
在英语学习的过程中，感到枯燥乏味，信心不足的时候，不要强迫自己往下学，因为从你的思想意识形态里已经开始产生了抵触英语的情绪。这时再继续只能是" 适得其反"，请你先放一放你所学习的内容，最好的去处是逛书店，选择一本自己喜欢的，翻开内容看上一两段，你就会发现原来你的英语已经很有水平了，以前的时间没有白费。
还有，当你置身到书店的时候，你才能够感受到很多中国人都和你一样在努力着，也许他(她)的英文水平很高也许他 (她)还不如你。从而让自己产生羡慕、嫉妒、欣慰的心理。只有这样才能激发你的继续学习的兴趣。除此之外，你还可以去听听那些原版磁带，去看看原版DVD 来调节自己的心态。
应该怎么背单词
背单词不要孤立的背，一定要融合到句子中去。要查词典，在词典中把这个单词每个不同的例句都要找出一两句实用的作为代表练出来，这样你才会知道一个单词的不同用法。 还有一个办法，就是利用摩西英语、大耳朵英语这些免费英语学习网站，从周一到周五，每天学习一个英文单词的起源、用法、同根词，学习一句英文名言，记住五个相关的单词，这样在轻松阅读故事的过程中每周记住30个左右的单词，一年就能累计记住1500个单词。 除了听写、默写以外，还要增加阅读量，看一些和自己水平相当的英语书籍从而扩充词汇量。阅读不需要去背诵，也不需要去听录音，但必须勤查词典。这个方法只是为了增加词汇量，尽量在短时间内减少生词。
每天学多少合适？
每天不要过多的记忆，有5-6句话足以，多了什么也记不住。科学的说法是一天记忆8句话，我们还是不要那么标准了，少点好。最好能把学到的组成简单的对话，这样一问一答自己都可以练习口语了。不要去考虑进度，不要去想："唉呦，这得猴年马月我才能学会呀？"，当你对英语有了感觉后，速度是突飞猛进的。心不要太急，戒骄戒躁，就像一个人猛吸一口气，他可以跑得很快，但他永远跑不远。就是这个道理。
我该怎么合理分配时间？
从时间上来说，如果您是"朝9晚5"工作制，就要充分利用零碎的时间。在每天晚上，你要抽出一个小时来听写5句话，我想应该不难做到。第二天您就应该反复去唠叨这5句话。上半时遇到上厕所、上下楼、外出办事情什么的，都可以反复练习。
利用周六、周日可以从头至尾温故而知新一下。
一天花费过长的时间学英语其实效果并不好，而恰恰是零碎的时间学习英语最容易出效果。平时零碎着听，零碎着唠叨，零碎写着，隔几天做个阶段性总结，接触多了，时间长了，也就自然会了。
学一本教材或报一门考试
如果完全没有目的性地学习英语，非常容易中断学习。毕业几年的上班族，为了为自己的学习添点儿动力，不妨自己选一本教材学习。比如经典的综合英语教材《新概念英语》、 或是偏重口语教材的《走遍美国》、还有适合商务人士的《剑桥商务英语BEC》，都可以给你系统的学习方向。
当然如果你的工作还不算太忙，就更加建议你去报考一门英语证书，比如偏重翻译英语方向中、高级口译证书；或是BEC也有自己的初、中、高级证书等等。备考复习的过程，其实就是将学到的知识强化的过程。如果复习得好还能拿到一本有利于职场发展的证书，何乐而不为呢？
篇三：英语教学法7.课件
Unit 11
Teaching Reading
GROUP MENBERS:
Contents
The Nature of Reading
How do we read?
What do we read?
Strategies involved in reading comprehension
The role of vocabulary in reading
Principles and models for teaching reading
Contents
Pre-reading activities
While- reading activities
Post-reading activities
Conclusion
The Nature of Reading
The Nature of Reading
Reading is an active process. It constantly involves guessing, predicting, checking and asking oneself questions.
Reading is the ability to understand the written words and respond to them in proper ways. Reading means getting meaning out of a given context.
How do we read?
1. Reading has only one purpose, i.e. to get information.
2. Reading is a silent activity. Reading aloud does not help much with comprehension.
3. Reading with a purpose is more effective than reading without a purpose.
4. When we read, our eyes are constantly moving from letter to letter, word to word and sentence to sentence.
5. Reading is an individual activity.
6. We need to know all the words in order to understand a text
7. We read everything with the same speed.
8. When reading in a foreign language, we mentally translate everything in order to understand.
9. It is helpful to use a dictionary and note down the meaning of all the new words while reading.
10. The lack of cultural knowledge may affect the rate of reading comprehension.
11. Possessing a large amount of vocabulary is the key for reading comprehension.
12. Reading can best be improved by being engaged in reading and reading more.
Tasks should help develop students’ reading skills rather than test their reading comprehension. The teacher should help students not merely to cope with one particular text in class but to develop their reading strategies and reading ability in general so that they are able to apply the strategies or skills learned in class to tackle other texts they encounter outside class or in the future.
PWP三阶段英语阅读教学模式
三阶段英语阅读教学模式是我国中小学英语阅读教学中普遍被采用的教学模式，主要属于“自上而下”或交互作用的阅读教学模式，具体属于哪种阅读教学模式主要根据阅读文本体裁和教师的教学活动设计而定。三阶段即读前（pre-reading)、读中（while-reading)、读后（post-reading)三个阶段。
Pre-reading activities
Pooling existing knowledge about the topic
Predicting the contents of the text
Skimming or scanning the text for certain purposes
Learning key words and structures
Aims——To facilitate while-reading activities
Pre-reading activities
1
2
3
Predicting
Skimming and scanning
Setting the scene
Content Layouts
Predicting is an important reading skill, which can make reading more intriguing and purposeful .Therefore, it is likely to result in better comprehension compared with the situation where the learner starts reading with a blank mind.
Three ways of prediction
Predicting based on the title
Good titles always contain the most important information of a written text.
.
Look at the three titles in the box below and predict the contents of the texts. When you are ready, join another pair an d compare your predictions and the clues that helped you to make the
To begin with, students may not be good at predicting. If so, the teacher can help them by asking certain questions. For example, for each of the three texts above, we can ask these questions:
Text 1: What is a pet? What are pets for? Why do people love pets? Are there any problems with pets?
Text 2: What is a jungle? Where can you find jungles? What do you think has happened to the jungles?
Text 3: What happened to the child? How do you think the parents would feel? What could the police do?
Three ways of prediction
Predicting based on vocabulary
The teacher also asks students to write down the words that they think will appear in the text,
Predicting based on the T/F questions
The teacher gives students some true or false statements. Students predict if these statements are true or false. Then they read the text to check if they have made the right predictions.
Setting the scene
Getting the students familiarized with the cultural and social background knowledge relevant to the reading text.
Setting the scene by relating what students already know to what they want to know.
Using visual aids to setting the scene, such as real objects, pictures, videos episodes and multi-media materials,etc.
Skimming
Reading quickly to get the gist,i.e. the main idea of the text.
Ask general questions which allow students to focus on one or two things.
Provide 3-4 statements and one of them represents the main idea, ask students to read the text and decide which statement is the correct one.
Provide subtitles for different parts of a text and asks students to put them in the right place. Scanning
Read to locate specific information. The key point is that the readers has something in his mind
and he should ignore the irrelevant parts when reading.
Besides,we can also ask students to scan for vocabulary which usually have certain semantic connections with the theme. Though teachers’ pre-teaching,students will facilitate the reading tasks that follow.
Scanning
What’s more, students can also scan for certain structures,for example, tense forms,discourse connectors,or particular sentence structures,which can serve as the basis for grammar study. Should pay attention to following things:
Set a time limit;
Give clear instruction for the task
Wait until 70% of the students finish
Scanning
Make clear how you are going to get feedback
Make sure that answers to the scanning questions are scattered throughout the text rather than clustered at one place.
Different texts offer opportunities for different kinds of exploitation. Yet a reading passage in traditional reading comprehension textbook has generally been exploited by means of mutiple choice quesstions,T/F questions, open questions, parahrasing and translation.
While-reading activities
While-reading activities
In this section we will look at some different ways of exploiting texts focusing on the process of understanding rather than the results of reading.
Information presented in plain text form dose not facilitate information retention. When information in text form is transferred to another form, it can be more effectively processed and retained. The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device Transition device
Its function in teaching reading can be
illustrated in the following diagram:
Most of the transition devices make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized. Research has shown visualization can help second language learners to comprehend meaning
Below are some transition devices that are often used in teaching:
Purposes of transition device:
1.Focus attention on the main meaning of the text.
2.Be able to simplify sophisticated input so that it becomes the basic for out put.
3.Allow the students to perform tasks while they are reading.
4.Highlight the main structural organization of a text /part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning.
5.Involve all the students in clearly defined reading tasks.
6.Precede one step at a time(easier tasks before more complicated one.)
7.When a TD is completed, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice. Reading comprehension question
One of the most frequently used methods in teaching reading is asking students to answer comprehension questions. Nuttal suggests that we can classify questions according to the kind of information that they require students to get from the texts, or the kind of thinking that we wish students to engage in.
She lists five types:
Questions of literal comprehension. These are questions whose answer are directly and explicitly expressed in the text.
Questions involving reorganization or reinterpretation. These questions require Ss to put literal information together in a new way or reinterpret it.
Questions for inferences. They require Ss to consider what is implied but not explicitly stated. Questions for evaluation or appreciation. Such as making judgment about what the writer is trying to do and whether the writer is biased or dishonest.
Questions for personal response. The answers to these questions depend most on the reader`s reaction to the content of the text.
Understanding references:
All natural language, spoken or written , uses referential words such as pronouns to refer to people or things already mentioned previously in the context. Some students have difficulty in following clearly the references in the text. So the teacher should find ways to help Ss find the meaning of the references in the context.
Making inferences
Making inferences, which means 'reading between the lines', is an important reading skill. It requires the readers to use background knowledge in order to infer the implied meaning of the
篇四：英语口语学习方法技巧
英语口语学习方法技巧
如何才能说流利的英语？
说外语时，我们主要应做到四件事： 理解 --回答 --提问 --口头表达
你只要自我训练这四项基本技能（或找一位可以训练你的老师），就会说一口流利的英语。
我们该如何对待说英语时所犯的错误？
你应该区别讲求准确性的口头训练与讲求"被理解"的口头交流之间的区别。如果你为交流而说英语，那么你犯的错误大都可以忽视。重要的是信心十足地去交流（那可不是容易的！）。如果你确实是在交流，那么即使你犯错误也没有 关系，只要这些错误不干扰你的交流。你只要纠正在你口头 表达或写作时会妨碍别人理解你的错误就可以了。
我的听力进步缓慢。我该如何提高呢？
练习语言听力的方法是要采取积极主动而非被动的方式。如果老师在介绍一篇课文时稍加一个短评，并且提出一个问题，学生们就会积极主动地聆听。例如，老师说："今 天我准备给你们读一则讲述一个意外事件的故事。读完之后，我要问你们这件事是如何发生的。"这会鼓励学生们积 极认真地听，以求找到问题的答案。如果老师只是说："请听这个故事"，学生们则没有聆听的重点。他们的双眼可能 是睁着的，但头脑确是封闭的。
在练习听力过程中，我却抓不到全文的大意，这是为什么呢？
这是因为你把精力放在听单词上，而不是理解意思上。不要听单个的单词，然后就试图把它们译成汉语，应该听懂全文的意思。听英语时，要排除汉语干扰。这正是优秀 译员所要具备的：他们先要弄懂一段语言的意思，然后把它译成另一种语言，以便听者可以听懂说话的大意。
如何练习连贯表达的回话技巧？
我想你所提的"时断时续"（说英语）可能是指突然迸 发式的说话方式。首先，你必须明白，大多数口头表达是与他人交往的产物。我们很少发表长篇大论，这就是说我们必须培养我们自己理解别人讲话的能力，然后根据我们所听到的内容作出回答。会话的性质不同，要求的技巧也自然不同。例如：·交流信息。这是我们每天最常见的交流形式。你的朋友告诉你他／她在业余时间所喜欢做的事。你仔细听，然后 告诉他／她你在业余时间所想做的事。你就如此这般回答。在这种交流中，你一般会大量使用一般现在时。·叙述。你的朋友用过去时告诉你一
段经历（他／她如何误车，然后上班迟到，老板说些什么，等等）。你仔细听，然后讲述你自己的经历。在这种交流中，你一般会使用一般过去时或过去进行时。按时间顺序讲述一个故事较为容易：某事开始于……，然后叙述正文，最后结束讲述。·交流看法和观点。你的朋友告诉你他／她对某事的看法，他／她先描述一段场景，然后发表他／她的意见，并给出 理由。你仔细听，然后以同样的方式作出回答。你有可能陈述事实（你从报纸上读到的东西），给出一个或几个例子，然后说明你的看法。你很可能用些诸
如 In my opinion…， I think…， I agree with what you say， but…
和 I"m afraid I disngree．I think…等短语。
不错，平时多练习以提高你的英语口语，但不要指望遇见外国人（我想你所指的是来自说英语的国家的人）这个办法。如果这样的话，你练习说英语的机会就少多了。首先，经常遇见外国人是不容易的；其次，他们可能不愿被你用来 练英语；再者，如果你与一位外国人交谈，你可能会对自己 的英语水平不甚清楚，无法表达自己的
思想（就像你所提的 事例一样）。那么，你该怎么办呢？你可以给你自己创造机 会。你可以找与你有相同的文化背景、面临类似问题的人练习英语口头表达能力。你可以定期参加英语会话课，在老师 的监督下练习，也可以和与你情况相当的朋友聚会，共同敲定一个谈话的主题。可以选一些你们讲中文时了解或愿意聊 的话题。当你心中感到言之有物的时候，你就会找到你所需要用的词来表达你的思想，这是个自明之理。
听英语广播时，我有时可以听懂，但不能写下完整的句子。
如果你在听广播的话，为什么非要写下一个完整句子呢？广播的播音通常是段英语口语。它并不是听写。我想你所说的是你没有抓住单个单词的意思。我的建议是：在听广播时，不要试图抓住个别单词的意思，要集中注意力听完整的句子，尽力抓住全文的意思。也就是说你一定要根据上下 文判断新单词的意思。要训练自己为理解文章的意思而听广 播，而不是为个别单词而听广播。
听美国之音体育报道，对词的理解有困难。您能介绍一些窍门吗？
一门外国语最难掌握的一项技巧就是听懂母语讲话人用 正常速度所说的自然语言的能力。另外，在体育报道中，语速通常是快的。听一场赛马或汽车比赛的评论，你会发现评 论员几乎都跟不上自己的速度，因为他要努力踉上他所看到的项目的进行速度。你可以通过几个方法来训练自己听懂母 语讲话者说话的能力。一种办法是使用"有声读物"。这些读物以录音带、CD或录像带的形式出版。它们主要包括著 名演员朗读的小说或传记，这些读物是面向那些不想亲自读故事而想听别人读的母语讲话者的。
在与讲英语的外国人谈话时，我的舌头经常变得笨起来。如何克服？
在陌生人面前你觉得胆怯，对自己的英语没有自信。为 什么呢？因为你怕被人
嘲笑。这种情况尤其会影响讲外语的成年人。（越年轻就越没有顾忌！）你该怎么办呢？你可以先 说服自己讲别人的语言出了错误并不是件丢人的事。设想将情景反过来，外国人在努力与你讲中文。你会怎么办？你会嘲笑他们的语病，还是会去帮助他们呢？许多以英语为母语的人，尤其是那些长期在国外的，了解学英语的人努力讲英语的情形，一般都会有耐心、宽容地提供帮助。了解到这一点，你就可以试着与外国人交谈。仔细听，大体弄懂他们谈的是什么。"轮到"你说话的时候你可以发表自己的意见。 你认为自己可能误解的地方，可以请与你交谈的人解释，你 也可以请他们纠正一两个关键的错误。这样你会慢慢建立起信心。
老师用英语给我们讲故事时，我不记得中文意思了。我该怎么办？
你的头脑中不要想中文。在听英语时，你应该带着英语 思维听，不要试图给你听到的每个英语单词都找到一个中文的对等词。如果你顽固坚持，就会完全听不懂意思，也就听不到什么英语。不要拘泥于单个的词，应集中精力努力弄懂整个词组、句子和段落的意思。听到不理解的地方，努力从上下文中推导含义。听完一篇英语后，（用英语）回忆一下 它讲的是什么，考考自己。
您能给我们推荐一些更生动、非虚拟的英语口语书吗？
费解的问题！"虚拟"是英语中很少使用的一个语法形式。可能你是要我推荐那些听起来像真正的英语，而不像语法书的英语录音。如果这样，我建议你查阅出版社的英语语 言教学目录，找到"读物"部分，选择有声读物（即磁带里的故事书）。选择自己认为适合的等级，然后选择你喜欢的 题目订购。如果你的英语水平较高，你可以买或借"有声图 书"，这是由演员朗读的原版小说。
讲英语时对于我们犯的错该怎么处理?
错误只有在严重影响交流的时候才构成问题。如果与你交谈的人理解你所说的大部分，那你做得很好，犯了多少错误没有多大关系。如果你愿意，可以请英语水平比你高的人 替你纠正，但这样通常很乏味，而且干扰交流。如果与你交谈的人能理解你说的意思，那就很好，完全不应该担心错误。
如何 避免“中国式英语”?
你之所以老是把中文译成英语，是因为你的口语技巧尚未达到让你自信的水平。你在参加交谈前需掌握四项技巧．它们是： --理解 --回答 --问 --说因此你要集中提高这些技巧：训练自己理解英语口语，训练自己问问题，训练自己回答问题，最终说英语。你在掌握了前三项技巧后，就可以水到渠成地掌握最后（也是最难的）一项：说。
在书中见到我能理解，但我想表达自己的思想时又记不住了。
你说得对：理解口语或文章要比让别人理解你说或写的东西容易。这是因为理解是一种接受性的技巧，而说和写是创造XX。我们能理解的远远多于我们能表
达的，我们在使用母语时也是这样。你接受了这个现实之后，应该训练自己使用那些你能马上回想起的语言表达思想。你找不到恰当的词汇的时候（见到或听到时可能能理解，但需要时却用不上），你不得不用别的词来表达你的意思。坚持听英语，尽量多地阅读。长此以往，这将提高你说和写的水平。
我从网络上收集并翻译整理了一些英语口语学习的方法，以供大家参考学习。但是，请记住，方法就是方法，它最终无法取代刻苦的学习。所以，要想练就一口纯正地道流利的英语，请用适合自己的有效学习法，循序渐进地坚持操练吧！
(1) We study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.
(1)我们学习英语口语的目的是为了与别人进行交流，所以英语口语中的几个要素的重要次序应为：流利，准确，和恰当。
也就是说，我们必须更加重视实际交流能力而不仅仅是单纯强调语法的正确性。
(2) Try to find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English. By the way, Guangzhou New Oriental School holds an English Corner on every Wednesday evening from 7:00 to 9:00 at Haizhu No. 8 classroom. One of the teachers in our department will be the MC at the English Corner. Welcome every friend who is crazy about learning English!
（2）寻找学伴一起练习口语。英语角是个不错的地方，在那里我们不但可以练习口语，还可以交流英语学习经验，开拓视野，提高英语学习兴趣。此外，广州新东方学校每周三晚上7:00到9:00，在海珠教学区第8教室举办英语角活动。听力口语部会安排一名教师担任英语角的主持。欢迎各位热爱英语学习的朋友参加！
(3) If it’s not easy to get English partners or having little chance to attend an English corner, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves. For example, you can talk to yourself about what you have seen or what you have done.
（3）如果找不到学伴或参加英语角的机会很少，那么我们就必须通过自己对自己说英语来创造英语环境。例如，你可以对自己描述所看到的景物,英语口述自己正在作的事情。
(4) This method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting Chinese-E
nglish novels or books. First of all, we read the Chinese parts and try to interpret them into English sentence by sentence, and then compare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books after finishing one small paragraph’s interpretation, so that we can find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.
（4）有种方法非常有效且很容易坚持，那就是：口译汉英对照（或英汉对照）的小说或其它读物。首先，我们先读汉语部分，然后逐句直接口译成英文，完成一小段后，去看书上的对应英文部分，并与我们的口译进行比较。这样，我们马上可以发现我们口译的错误，缺点和进步。
请注意：刚开始选择口译法进行英语口语训练时，在选材上先尽量选择较简单的英语读物，生词量应控制在20%以内，且应大量做，只做一两篇效果是不明显的。推荐读物有：《新东方英语》、《英语世界》、《英语文摘》等。
一开始进行口译训练时，可能口译速度较慢，费时较多，但请坚持，从整体的训练上来看，这是一个加速的过程。进入到高级阶段训练时，请做计时练习，以便加快反应速度和口语流利度。
成人学英语普遍存在的问题是记忆力差，作复述练习或背诵课文时，往往力不从心；或者由于词汇量太小觉得直接作口译太难，那么推荐一种解决这个问题有效方法：先学习英文部分，通篇理解透彻后，再来看汉语译文, 这时，再把汉语译文口译回英文。这样做等于既作复述练习又作口译(语)练习，可谓一箭双雕，一石二鸟！这样训练的好处体现在以下七个方面:
1. 自己就可以练习口语，想练多久，就练多久。
2. 始终有一位高级教师指出您的不足和错误——英文原文。
3. 训练的'题材范围极广，可以突破我们自己的思维禁锢，比如，我们总是喜欢谈论我们自己熟悉的话题，所以我们总是在练习相同的语言，进步当然就缓慢了。
4. 选择小说，幽默故事或好的短文阅读，使我们有足够的兴趣坚持下去。
5. 有一些我们在直接学习英语课文时被我们熟视无睹的地道的英语用法会被此法发掘出来。
6. 对所学知识和所犯错误印象深刻。这等于我们一直在作汉译英练习，很多英文译文是我们费尽心思憋出来的，所以印象相当深刻，这比直接学习英文课文印象要深的多。
7. 经过大量的练习，你会有这样的感觉：没有什么东西你不能翻译，你的翻译水平大大加强了，你的口语表达力大大提高了！
篇五：学习课件
物业费催费方法及技巧略要
前言
1、 在日常物业费缴纳过程中，业主常常会因为工作繁忙、人在外地、返修整改、久未出租……等各种原因迟交、甚至拒缴物业费。为了维持物业的正常运作，保障公司的合法权益，“催费”便成为必不可少的工作。
2、 本要略是通过在日常催费工作中的不断尝试和总结编写而成的催费小招（办法）。招与招之间可单独使用，亦可根据不同业主、不同情况据实搭配使用。选择招数时应按先必做后自选、先个人（片区、管家）后全体（所有岗位员工）、先私人后正式的原则进行。
3、 重点说明：本要略所言“催费”一定是基于所有物业服务均达标的前提下进行的，切不可只“催费”无“服务”。
使用技巧
第一招 适时提醒
1、对象：未缴费的全体业主
2、招数说明：
由于工作生活繁忙，业主常常忘记缴纳物管费一事，更有甚者觉得迟交1、2个月也没什么。故我们应从每月5日起，按照下表中的时间节点及客户类型进行分类，通过短信、电话、上门等形式不断提醒业主，给业主紧迫感，让其明白不按时缴纳费是有人管控跟进的，打消客户“迟交无所谓”的念头。正常缴纳的客户越早完成缴纳，你才能腾出更多的时间对付“困难户”。下表中所列时间节点均为催费必达
时间点。此外，各项目可根据自身特殊情况添加。业主分别发送短信，避免业主产生“他只是群发，不是在提醒我”的想法，耽误缴纳时间。 提醒节点见下表：
第二招 断其后路
1、对象：满口答应，却总不出现的业主
2、招数说明：
很多业主认为物管费能拖就拖，接到电话之后含糊其词“过两天来”“有空的时间就来”“我知道了”等等，往往业主最后都不会来交，而此时，我们的催费就做了无用工。对于这种业主“断其后路”就成了我们将无用工变有用工的有效手段。
如果业主以最近比较忙，或者不在本地为借口，则直接为其提供转账方式，并确定转账的时间。
如果业主一直含糊其辞说”最近” “这两天会来交”则要和业主约定一个有效的时间，到了时间之后再次提醒业主，这样，不仅使业主自己心里在时间上产生紧迫感，同时也让一拖再拖的业主产生失信的感觉，最终达到有效催费的目的。
确定时间后一定要按着时间持续跟进。
在谈话中要向其透露，如果他没按时缴纳，下次一定会准时再联系他的信息。
3、话术：
您看您平时也比较忙，不如办个银行代扣，多省心啊，就不用每个月还要惦着来这边缴费了，大老远的。（用意：突出远、累） 像您平时比较忙（人在外地）的，也可以考虑银行转账啊，我们这边有中行和农行的，您看哪个还比较方便啊？
老师，打扰您了，我来跟您确认一下转账的时间和金额，避免中途有什么失误。
那行，下周二我让财务查账，到了我通知您(用意：告知业主，我会继续跟进这个时间，如果没有到，我还会再“骚扰”你的)
4、案例
XXX业主何老师之前有几个月的历史欠费。电话打过去一直说”没空“、”知道了“或“有时间就交”。在沟通过程中，小X建议业主通过转账方式支付，”老师，像你这样比较忙的话可以考虑转账的，本来您在外地回来一次也都不方便。我把公司账号发到你手机上“，发送账户后，过半小时，再次联系业主。”何老师，帐号您收到了吧，你
看您哪天有空转呢，我好让财务帮您注意着，及时入账“。何老师同意了两天后转账。两天过后小X继续打电话给何老师说：老师，您已经转账了哈，我跟您确认一下转账的时间和金额。（一定要非常诚恳坚定地认为他已经转账了，哪怕你已确定没有）如果他说还没有转，好，继续说：”那你看这个周末之前可不可以啊，到时候我再跟您确认……“
就这样，他第一次说不好意思还没有转账，第二次是还说没转，到第四次就不好意思再说了。几次下来，何老师也就“不想再被烦”直接转了，还预付了半年的物管费。
第三招 苦肉计
1、对象：欠费较短，平日联系多，有交情，心软有同情心的业主。
2、招数说明：
业主并非恶因欠费，多次催费中能感觉到对方有耐心，且答应爽快，却一直以工作忙忘记交费为由，不及时缴纳物管费，当然也没有明确表示拒缴。了解掌握对方性格，善于区分类型，避免表现过度引起业主反感，此招不建议在性格暴躁，没有耐心的业主前使用。面对此类业主，可以把自己的难处、尴尬、责任、时限等情况告知业主，以获得理解。与业主建立良好关系，使其信任你。利用业主与个人关系套近乎，态度诚恳，表现出为难，甚至引人怜悯的样子，让对方知道催费对你、对你的工作绩效影响何其重要。
3、话术：
“我知道您不是有意欠费，只是前几天上司当着部门所有同事的面，提到我负责的片区收费率是部门最低的，个人考核也受到了较大影响。连我也开始怀疑自己的工作能力了……”“说实话，我也知道您很忙，我也不希望天天给您电话打扰您工作、休息。每次给您电话通知缴费，打多了，我自己都不好意思了（实际上真正觉得不好意思的是欠费不交的业主），真的让我很为难……”“今天我们公司开会，我还挨批来着……”
4、案例：
A先生人在外地，工作人员多次电话通知其交费，A先生总以满怀歉意的口吻说自己工作太忙，没时间交，并保证在一定时间内汇款，却一直都未及时兑现。年底，工作人员再次联系业主，电话里十分委屈地提到，在部门年终总结时被点名指出片区收费率很低，工作考核因此受到影响，绩效工资减了不少；同时也在审视自己，自查哪里做得不到位，给业主带来了不好的感受，以至于不缴费。业主连称理解理解，表示人员工作认真负责，认同其工作态度，并于当日及时汇款，另预存了多月物管费。
第四招 地毯搜索
1、对象：无法取得联系的业主
2、招数说明：
业主在买房、接房时留下了个人信息，但出现欠费时，却无法通过当初软件、资料留下的电话号码及其他途径（通过户内门机呼叫、上门催收、业主朋友转达等）及时联系业主缴费，这时就可以想尽办
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