本章教学目标
1. 通过本单元的学习，使学生学一点英语里的双关语(俏皮话)，使所学语言幽默风趣，增强学生对英语学习的兴趣；同时注意外出旅行时应注意的基本常识，学会应付突发事件。培养学生独立自主的生活习惯；
2. 学会使用构词法；
3. 学会使用英语中的双关语，同位语从句和定语从句。
重点难点突破
【对话】
1．Them am thousands of jokes in English which have a “play on words”...在英语里，有数以千计的“双关语”的笑话。
Play on words名词词组“双关语，俏皮话”，即利用同音异义词或一词多义的现象构成含义诙谐或语义双关的词语。
Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不进水就会使人虚弱。(weak同week同音，因此这句话听起来也可以理解为“七天不进水才算一个星期”。)Play on words也可以作短语动词，意为“说俏皮话”，“作文字游戏”。
2．I only laid the table.我只是摆桌子。
lay the table = set the table摆桌子(准备吃饭)
Will you lay the table for supper?请摆好碗筷准备吃饭好吗?
He told the waiter to lay the table for eight.他要服务员摆了八个人吃饭的餐具。
联想：lay eggs (鸡、鸭)生蛋
3．(1) How did you find the fish, Madam?你觉得这鱼怎么样，小姐？
(2) Tell him what you think of him.把你对他的意见告诉他。
How do you find/like? sb. / sth. What do you think of sb./sth.?
这两个句型常用于征询某人对某人或某事的评价。
What do you think of the meeting ?你觉得这个会开得怎么样？
How do you like/find the story?你觉得这个故事怎么样？
【课文】
1．I'm just going down to the dinning car to get a coffee.我去餐车喝咖啡。get a coffee = get a cup of coffee要一杯咖啡
coffee作“咖啡”讲时是不可数名词，在口语中可加a或数词，表示“一杯、一份”讲。
Three teas and three coffees, please.请来三杯茶和三杯咖啡。
Five whiskeys, please.来五杯威士忌酒。
2．Soon he got talking (start talking ) to another person ...没多久他跟另外一个人攀谈起来……
注意：get done ,get sth done
(1)get doing在口语中表示“开始……起来”。
Come! Let's get moving!喂，我们开始干起来吧。
Things haven't really got going yet.事情还没有真正开展起来。
(2) get sb./sth. doing使某人或某物正在干某事
The lecture soon got us thinking.这次演讲使我们深思。
3．They found that they had a lot in commom and got on well ...他们俩发现有许多共同点，谈得很投机。
(1) have ... in common (with sb./in sth.)与……有共同之处、和……一样
They have nothing in common with each other in their manners.他们彼此的举止毫无共同之处。
In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop.和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，而不喜欢流行音乐。
(2) in common共有，共用
Mr and Mrs Smith own the store in common.史密斯夫妇共有这商店。
4．and promised to get in touch again with each other...……答应回美国后再相互联系……
get in touch with与……取得联系(强调动作)；keep／be in touch with与……保持联系(强调状态)
联想：lose touch with 与……失去联系(强调动作)be out of touch with与……失去联系(强调状态)
I'll get in touch with you as soon as I return from America.我一从美国回来就和你取得联系。
I've kept/been in touch with her for years.数年来我一直同她保持联系。
5．He had gone through six carriages when/before he found he could go no further.他刚走过六节车厢就发现他不能再往前走了。
主语+had+过去分词...+when／before+主语+谓语(过去时)本句型是一种含有时间状语从句的复合句，说明了主句的谓语动作与从句的谓语动作的先后关系，强调从句的动作紧跟在主句的动作之后，可译作“刚……就……”。
I had been there for a week when/before she returned.我刚在那呆了一个星期她就回来了。
6．He opened the window to see for himself.他把窗户打开亲自看一看。
区别：by oneself 独自地；of oneself 自动地; in oneself原来,本身for oneself自己、亲自
I have no right to decide for myself.我没权自己决定。
The bird builds its nest for itself.鸟自己筑巢。
7．They knew, or rather thought that ...他们知道，或者说他们认为……or rather或者，更确切地说
He is a writer, or rather a novelist.他是一个作家，或者更确切地说是一位小说家。
He worked till late last night, or rather early this morning.他工作到深夜，或者更确切地说是今天凌晨。
8．I'm going to see what Dad is up to.我去看看爸爸在干什么。
(1)to do something在干(某事)有时含有密谋干坏事之意
Don't trust him. He is up to some tricks.别相信他。他在暗中捣鬼。
What is the boy up .to?这男孩子在干什么？
(2)应由(某人)担任或负责
It's up to you to decide whether to go or stay.该由你决定是走还是留。
It's up to you to give them all the help you can.你理应尽力给他们帮助。
9．on one′s own = by oneself/alone独自，靠自己的力量
Ever since his mother's death, he has been on his own.自从他母亲死后，他一直自己生活。
Being on his own, he was afraid to go out.由于只有他一个人，他怕外出。
10．The message is that: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.他给你们留下了话：你们去旅馆，房间已经给你们订好了。
(1) be to do
①是表示将来时间的结构。用于第二人称时，常含有转达别人指示的意思。
Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after class.你的班主任带给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
②表示命令或指示时通常用于第三人称。
“She is to be back before 11 o'clock ，”said the manager.经理说，她必须在11点钟以前回来。
The room is to be locked.这房间要上锁。
③更常用来表示计划或安排(做某事)
We are to begin the work next month.我们安排下个月开始这项工作。
They are to go traveling in August.他们计划八月份去旅行。
(2)book预定(票，座位，房间等)注意：book order的区别
They have booked two tickets through to Beijing.他们订购了两张直达北京的车票。
I have booked three seats on the plane for you.我已为你们定了三张飞机票。
Can you book two tables for me in the restaurant?你能在餐馆里替我定两桌吗？
11．He will be arriving at about eleven o'clock.他今晚11点左右到。will be doing sth.一般将来进行时
(1)表示按计划、安排将要进行或发生的动作。
I'll be meeting Miss Black at the airport this afternoon.今天下午我要去机场接布莱克小姐。
(2)通常用来表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作。
-- What will you be doing at 7 o'clock this evening?你今晚7点做什么？
--Probably I'll be having my supper.很可能我在吃饭。
12．put the charge on their hotel bill.把这笔钱记在饭店的账单上。charge.费用，价钱，应付项目联想：in charge of in the charge of, take charge, take charge of
What's the charge for a room?一间房间收费多少？
The charge for the taxi will be increased next month.出租车费下个月要涨价。
You can see the film free of charge.你可以免费看电影。Charge v.收费，要价
What/How much do they charge for the suit at the shop?这套衣服商店要卖多少钱。
The hotel charged me 50 yuan for a room for the night.这旅馆一间一晚收了我50元钱。
13．At around a quarter past eleven their father turned up.大约在十一点一刻，他们的父亲露面了。反义词组是turn down
turn up到来，出现，找到(常指出乎意外地到来或找到)；开大(收音机、电视机等)音量，或拧大(煤气、灯、火等)的光亮
Guess who turned up at Mary's wedding.猜一猜谁突然出现在玛丽的婚礼上。
The missing child turned up an hour later.一小时后丢失的孩子找到了。
Would you do me the favour to turn up the TV？你能把电视机的声音拧大一点吗？
14．I was still so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.我仍然满腔怒火，便决定把我对他的看法告诉他。
Determine--decide, make up one's mind 决心，决意，确定
(1) determine something
Let's determine the plan by a vote.我们投票来决定这个计划吧。
(2)determine to do something 决定作某事
He has determined to settle down in the countryside.他已经决定在乡下定居。
Have you determined where to spend your holidays?你有没有决定去哪里度假？
(3) be determined to do sth./that clause 有决心，下定决心
He was determined not to follow his advice.他决定不接受他的建议。
We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我们决定这种事情决不允许再发生。
注意：①determine to do sth 决定做某事，指当时决定的动作。
②be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事时(系表)，着重于有决心的状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He was determined to do it for a long time.他决定做这件事已经很长时间了。
③作状语时要用过去分词
He left his hometoun , determined never to come back again.他离开了家乡决心再也不回来了。
15．Fartunately, I was in time for the interview.幸运的是，我及时赶上了面试。
In time及时。可与介词或动词不定式连用“赶上，赶到”。
The doctor came in time to save her life.医生及时赶到救了她一命。
They got to the station in time for ( to catch ) the train.他们及时赶到车站赶上了火车。
拓展:in time还有“迟早”、“合拍”的意思
【重点难点解析】
1. I'm just going down to the dining car to get a coffee.
我正要去餐车买一杯咖啡。
coffee通常不加-s，前面也不与不定冠词a连用，但在餐馆内a coffee是“一杯咖啡”，two coffees 意思是“两杯咖啡”。
2. The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.
他给你们留下了电话：要你们去旅馆，房间已经给你们定好了。
“be+不定式”是表示将来时间的结构，用于第二人称时，常含有转达别人指示的意思。
本句you are to go to the hotel…是铁路人员转达汉克给子女的口信，含有指示的意思。又如：
Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after class.
你的班主任带给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
Mother says you're to finish your homework this evening.
妈要你今晚完成作业。
“be+不定式”表示命令或指示时通常用于第三人称。例如：
“She is to be back before 11 o'clock, ” said the teacher.
老师说：“她必须在11点钟以前回来。”
The classroom is to be locked.
这教室要上锁。
“be+不定式”更常用来表示计划或安排(做某事)的意思。例如：
They are to plant some young trees next month.
他们计划下个月种些树。
The train for Wuhan is to start at 10∶20.
去武汉的火车10∶20开。
3. At that moment he remembered that all the tickets, passports and traveler's cheques were in his jacket that he had left hanging next to his seat.
这时他才想起全部车票、护照和旅行支票都放在他的夹克衫里，而夹克衫还挂在他的座位旁边。
句中that he had left hanging next to his seat 是定语从句，修饰先行词his jacket。从句中的谓语动词leave后跟复合宾语，即leave sb. /sth. +v. -ing结构，作“让(某人/某事 )继续处于某种状态”解。例如：
Don't leave him waiting outside. Let him in.
不要让他在外边等着，叫他进来。
Leave the piano standing in the corner.
让钢琴摆在角落里吧。
4. I was still so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我仍然满腔怒火，便决定把我对他的看法告诉他。
这是一个复合句，I was determined to tell. . . 是一个由so. . . (that)引导的表结果的状语从句，其中的that省去了，在口语中that常可省略，又如：
The joke was so funny it made everybody laugh.
这笑话太可笑了，逗得大家捧腹大笑。
I'm so busy with my work I have no time to write a letter.
我工作太忙，没有时间写信。
It was so dark(that) I couldn't find my wallet on the floor.
天太黑了，我没能发现地上的钱夹。
5. I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude.
我很高兴，经理决定不因为我曾经粗鲁地对待他而对我大发雷霆。
for having been so rude是状语，说是be angry的原因，其中having been是-ing的完成时，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
I don't remember having told you about it.
我不记得曾经和你说过那件事。
Jim was punished for having killed the dog.
吉姆为杀死了那条狗而受到处罚。
I was sorry for having wasted so much time.
我感到很遗憾，过去浪费了太多的时间。
核心知识
【常用单词积累】
play on words treat. . . as. . . lay the table get talking connect. . . to. . . up to turn up be determined to do sth drive off be a danger to
【基础知识精讲】
1. There are thousands of jokes in English which have a “play on words”.
英语中有成千上万的笑话，其中有一语双关语。
(1)play在本句中为及物动词，意为“玩(游戏)，打球，演奏，打牌”等。e. g.
They played delightful games in a grass-covered court.
他们在被草覆盖的球场上高兴地玩着游戏。
(2)play为不及物动词时，意为“玩，打球(接球类名词)，演奏”。e. g.
Children like to play. 孩子们喜欢玩。
(3)本句play on words为双关语，意为“玩文字游戏”(固定词组)。英语中双关语利用同音或同形词取得幽默风趣的效果。
2. Don't ask me, sir. I only laid the table.
别问我，先生，我只是摆了桌子。
(1)句子lay(laid, laid)为及物动词，意为“放，放置”。e. g.
A clerk laid a slip of paper on the desk. 职员在桌上放了一张纸。
(2) lay eggs意为“产卵，下蛋”。e. g.
Laying eggs is her full-time job. 产卵是她的专职工作。
lay aside放在一边，存蓄。e. g.
①Why don't you lay that problem aside for a while?
为什么你不把那个问题搁一搁呢?
②She had managed to lay aside three dollars.
她已经设法存蓄了三美元。
3. Soon he got talking to another person who happened to be American too.
没多久他跟另外一个人攀谈起来，这个人碰巧也是美国人。
句中get talking意为“开始谈起话来”，get后接现在分词表示变化的状态。现在分词与句中主语具有主动关系。e. g.
It's half past seven--We must get going. 时间是七点半，我们必须动身。
get后可跟现在分词、过去分词、名词或介词短语，表示变化状态。e. g.
①He got married/drunk/lost/burnt/engaged/caught. 他结婚了/喝醉了/迷路了/烧伤了/ 订婚了/碰到了。
②He is getting (to be) an old man. 他快要变成一位老人了。
③It's getting near lunch time. 吃中饭的时间就要到了。
4. At around a quarter past eleven their father turned up.
大约在十一点一刻，他们的父亲露面了。
句中turn up为固定词组，意为“赶约(开会)；出席”。e. g.
①If he doesn't turn up soon, we shall have to go without him.
如果他不马上来(开会)，没有他我们照样进行。
②For some reason he didn't turn up.
由于某种原因，他没有出席。
turn为及物动词时，意为“转动；转身”。用作不及物动词后跟副词或介词短语。用作连系动词时后跟形容词或名词作表语，名词前一般不加冠词。e. g.
①I turned my head and saw the man. 我转过头来，看见了那个人。
②He turned pale at the thought. 听到这个想法，他的脸变得苍白了。
③He has turned traitor. 他成了叛徒。
5. I was still so angry that I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我非常生气，便决定把我对他的看法告诉他。
本句中determined为形容词作表语，意为“有决心的”；再跟不定式，表示决心或决定去做某事。否定时在不定式to前加not。e. g.
He was quite determined to teach them a lesson. 他下决心教训了他们一顿。
be determined that-clause意为“决心；决定；断定”。后跟从句其谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，表示主观臆断；也可用作不及物动词直接接不定式；用作及物动词时直接接宾语。e. g.
①He had been determined that no one should know. 他已断定无人知道。
②I determined to become an engineer. 我决意要当技师。
③Content determines form. 内容决定形式。
6. I told him that he did not consider other road-users and it was a danger to other people.
我告诉他，他毫不考虑路上其他的人，他对别人构成了危险。
句中danger为名词，意为“危险”。表示具体概念。可加不定冠词，其意思是“危险的人”或者“危险的事”。e. g.
Smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟对健康是一种威胁。
习惯搭配
danger一般为不可数名词，表示抽象概念，意为“危险”；形容词dangerous意为“危险的 ”，作表语或者定语。e. g.
①All danger was over. 所有危险结束了。
②A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一点知识是危险的事情。
联想迁移
下面各句已将常用的几个抽象名词具体化，在其前加上不定冠词，表示具体的人或物，但fun这个单词例外，其前不加冠词。e. g.
①He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是一个好教师。
②Glasses are a help to them. 眼镜对他们来说是帮助之物。
③She is a beauty. 她是一个美人。
④What great fun it is to swim in the river! 到河里游泳是多么有趣!
7. The changes which occurred in the past ten years have made the city look entirely different.
过去十年里所发生的变化已经使得这个城市看上去完全不同了。
句中occur为不及物动词，意为“发生或产生某种想法”；还有“出现在脑中或被想到”之义。e. g.
At the beginning of June an event occurred. 六月份，事件发生了。
习惯搭配
occur经常用在以it作形式主语的句中，真正主语用从句或不定式。e. g.
It never occurred to me for a moment you meant that. 你所指的那件事对我来说从没发生过。【单元知识纲要】
类 别
语言项目
词 汇
carriage, track, charge, brake, lay the table, in common, turn up, shout at, treat. . . as, be up to something.
日常交
际用语
I don't want to know what it has been.
What's wrong with these eggs?
Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
How did you find the fish, Madam?
语 法
复习定语从句和同位语从句的用法。
典型例题
【基础题】
★例1Here is my card. Let's keep in _________.
A．touch B．relation C．connection D．friendship
导析：该题考查了固定搭配“keep in touch”(保持联系)常见的基本固定形式。答案：A
★★例2I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _______ ?
A．turn it on B．turn it down C, turn it up D．turn it off
导析：本题考查动词短语的辨析。句中的意思是“我几乎不能听见收音机，请你把它的音量调大点好吗？”答案：C
【易错题】
★★★例1The room is too small. So we can't leave the desk ________in the middle of the room.
A．stand B．standing C．stood D．to stand
导析：本题考查的是动词leave后跟复合结构的用法。leave后可跟现在分词和过去分词作补语，因此句中desk和stand之间构成的是主动关系，所以用standing。答案：B
★★例2Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A．pay B．paying C．paid D．to pay
导析：本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词)的用法。get此处相当于助动词be，后面加上过去分词构成被动语态。答案：C
【名校模拟题与高考题】
★★★例1The murder was brought in, with his hands _____behind his back.
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
导析：his hands是tied的逻辑主语，与tied之间构成的是被动关系，此时tie his hands这个动作已完成。答案：D
★★★例2(2001年，上海春季)_______is no possibility ________Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A．There; that B．It; that
C．There; whether D．It; whether
导析：句型There is no possibility that...=It is impossible that...，连词that引导possibility的同位语从句。答案：A