课 题 初高中英语衔接1 ：句子的基本成分和结构 课 时 1
课 型 新授课 主备人 钟义铭
教学目标 1
2.
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教学难点
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句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。
一、 英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears. ( )
He will take you to the hospital. （ ）
Three plus four equals seven. （ ）
To see is to believe. （ ）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. （ ）
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （ ）
二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
三）表语 它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的.
My father is a professor. ( )
Who's that? It's me. ( )
Everything here is expensive. ( )
The match became very exciting.( )
The story of my life may be of help to others.( )
Three times five is fifteen. ( )
His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands.( )
We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )
Do you mind opening the window? ( )
Give me four please. ( )
He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )
We need to know what others are doing. ( )
We should care more about our friends. ( )
（五）定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
They are woman workers. （ ）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （ ）
Mary is a beautiful girl.. （ ）
The play has three acts. ( )
This is her first trip to Europe. ( )
China is a developing country. ( )
I have nothing to eat. ( )
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )
I left the village five years ago. ( )
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )
We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )
If he goes, so will I . ( )
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )
七）宾语补足语
英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。
They elected me captain of the team. ( )
We try to make our country strong. ( )
We found everything in good order there. ( )
I should advise you to get the chance. ( )
I saw him going upstairs. ( )
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主语 系动词 表语
2）The city will become rich.
主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“变化”类：______________________________________________.
“感官”类: ______________________________________________.
“持续”类：___________________________________________.
其他：（似乎）________ _______ (证明是)_________
你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.
把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。
___________________________________________________________.
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。
_____________________________________________________________.
这个计划证明是可行的。
________________________________________________________.
2．主语 + 谓语
1）Building has started.
主语 谓语
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语
______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配：The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1）The boss employed five more workers.
主语 谓语 宾语
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams.
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。
_______________________________________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。
_______________________________________________________________.
他许诺给我一个礼物。
______________________________________________________________.
4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
1.顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？
______________________________________________________.
2.下学期谁教你们生物？
_______________________________________________________.
3.Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。
_________________________________________________________.
5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.
5）We kept the room clean.
6）We heard the girl singing the song.
7）He gad his hair cut short.
该句型中的“宾语 + 宾语补足语”又叫做“__________”
他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。
_______________________________________________________.
我建议他多读点书。
________________________________________________________.
他修了机器。
___________________________________________.
我们选他当班长。
___________________________________________________.
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